FUNDAMENTALS

OF ELECTRONICS
COMMUNICATIONS
SYSTEMS
BETET-NS-T-3A-T | 2022_1st_Term
Technological University of the Philippines - Taguig campus
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Contents
Significance of Human Communication
Communication Systems
Types of Electronic Communication
The Electromagnetic Spectrum
Bandwidth
Application of Electronic Communication
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Significance of Human
Communication
1.) Communication is the process of
exchanging information.
2.) Main barriers of communication
are language and distance.
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Methods of Communication
1.)Face to face
2.)Signals
3.)Written Words
4.)Electrical Innovations
-Telegraph
-Telephone
-Radio
-Television
-Internet
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Communication System
BasicComponents:
1 . Transmitter
2 . Communication Medium
3 . Receiver
Inte r f e r e n c e : N ois e
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Communication System
Transmitter is a collection of electronic
components and circuits designed to convert the
electrical signal to a signal suitable for transmission
over a given communication medium.
Transmitters are made up of oscillators, amplifiers, tuned circuits and filters,
modulators, frequency mixers, frequency synthesizers, and other circuits.
The original intelligence signal usually modulates a higher-frequency
carrier sine wave generated by the transmitter, and the combination is
raised in amplitude by power amplifiers, resulting in a signal that is
compatible with the selected transmission medium.
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Communication System
Communication Channel is the medium by which
the electronic signal is sent from one place to
another.
Types: Electrical Conductors, Optical Media, Free
Space, System – specific Media
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Communication System
Receiver is a collection of electronic components
and circuits that accepts the transmitted message
from the channel and converts it back to a form
understandable by humans. Receivers contain
amplifiers, oscillators, mixers, tuned circuits and
filters, and a demodulator or detector that recovers
the original intelligence signal from the modulated
carrier.
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Communication System
Transceiver is two-way, and so both parties must
have both a transmitter and a receiver. As a result,
most communication equipment incorporates
circuits that both send and receive
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Types of Electronic Communication

Simplex
Known as one way communication. (Ex. TV and
Radio)
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Types of Electronic Communication

Simplex
Known as one way communication. (Ex. TV and
Radio)
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Types of Electronic Communication

Duplex
Full Duplex – communication is simultaneous two-way
Half Duplex – communication is two-way but one way at a
time.
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The Electromagnetic Spectrum

The range of electromagnetic signals encompassing all
frequencies. All electrical and electronic signals that
radiate into free space fall into the electromagnetic
spectrum.
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The Electromagnetic Spectrum

Frequency is the number of
times a particular
phenomenon occurs in a given
period of time. In electronics,
frequency is the number of
cycles of a repetitive wave that
occurs in a given time period.
Is measured in cycle per
second (cps) or hertz (Hz). 1
cps = 1 Hz
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The Electromagnetic Spectrum

Wavelength is the distance
occupied by one cycle of a
wave, and it is usually
expressed in meters.
𝑊𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ (𝜆)=(𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡
∕
(3𝑥10^8 𝑚 𝑠))/𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐y
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The Electromagnetic Spectrum

Sample Problem:
Find the wavelengths of
(a) a 150-MHz,
(b) a 430-MHz,
(c) an 8-MHz, and
(d) a 750-kHz signal.
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The Electromagnetic Spectrum

Sample Problem:
Find the wavelengths of
(a) a 150-MHz,
(b) a 430-MHz,
(c) an 8-MHz, and
(d) a 750-kHz signal.
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The Electromagnetic Spectrum

Sample Problem:
Find the wavelengths of
(a) a 150-MHz,
(b) a 430-MHz,
(c) an 8-MHz, and
(d) a 750-kHz signal.
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The Electromagnetic Spectrum

Sample Problem:
Find the wavelengths of
(a) a 150-MHz,
(b) a 430-MHz,
(c) an 8-MHz, and
(d) a 750-kHz signal.
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The Electromagnetic Spectrum

Sample Problem:
The maximum peaks of an electromagnetic wave are separated by a
distance of 8 in. What is the frequency in megahertz? In gigahertz?

Solution:
1 m = 39.37 in
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The Electromagnetic Spectrum

Sample Problem:
The maximum peaks of an electromagnetic wave are separated by a
distance of 8 in. What is the frequency in megahertz? In gigahertz?

Solution:
1 m = 39.37 in
8 in = 1m / 39.37 in = 0.203 m
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The Electromagnetic Spectrum

Sample Problem:
The maximum peaks of an electromagnetic wave are separated by a
distance of 8 in. What is the frequency in megahertz? In gigahertz?

Solution:
1 m = 39.37 in
8 in = 1m / 39.37 in = 0.203 m
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The Electromagnetic Spectrum

Sample Problem:
The maximum peaks of an electromagnetic wave are separated by a
distance of 8 in. What is the frequency in megahertz? In gigahertz?

Solution:
1 m = 39.37 in
8 in = 1m / 39.37 in = 0.203 m
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TheBandwidth
Bandwidth is that portion of the
electromagnetic spectrum
occupied by a signal. Bandwidth
is the difference between the
upper and lower frequency limits
of the signal or the equipment
operation range.
The term bandwidth refers to the
range of frequencies that contain
the information. The term channel
bandwidth refers to the frequency
required to transmit the desired
information.
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TheBandwidth
Sample Problems:
A commonly used frequency range is 902 to 928 MHz. What is the width of
this band?
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TheBandwidth
Sample Problems:
A commonly used frequency range is 902 to 928 MHz. What is the width of
this band?
Solution:
f1 = 902 MHz ; f2 = 928 MHz
BW = f2 - f1
=928 - 902
= 26x10^6 or 26MHz
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TheBandwidth
Sample Problems:
A television signal occupies a 6-MHz bandwidth. If the low-frequency limit of
channel 2 is 54 MHz, what is the upper-frequency limit?
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TheBandwidth
Sample Problems:
A television signal occupies a 6-MHz bandwidth. If the low-frequency limit of
channel 2 is 54 MHz, what is the upper-frequency limit?
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TheBandwidth
Sample Problems:
A television signal occupies a 6-MHz bandwidth. If the low-frequency limit of
channel 2 is 54 MHz, what is the upper-frequency limit?
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Spectrum Management
International Agencies:
Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
National Telecommunications and Information Administration
(NTIA) International Telecommunications Union (ITU)
Local Agencies:
National Telecommunications Commission (NTC)
Department of Information and Communications Technology
(DICT)
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Application of Electronic Communication

Simplex: Duplex:
AM and FM Radio Broadcasting Telephones
TV Broadcasting Internet
Facsimile Mobile Phones
Wireless Two-way Radio
Remote Control
GPS
Telemetry
Radar
Surveillance
Sonar
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