PERFORMANCE TASK: HUMAN‘S DEPENDENCE ON EARTH’S MINERAL RESOURCES

LIST DOWN AND BRIEFLY DESCRIBE AT LEAST 10 MINERALS PROVIDED WITH THEIR CHEMICAL FORMULA. CITE PRODUCTS AND PRODUCTS NAMES
CONTAINING THE MINERAL YOU HAVE SELECTED.

MINERAL CHEMICAL PICTURE OF DESCRIPTION OF PRODUCT ECONOMIC

NAME FORMULA THE MINERAL THE MINERAL (PICTURE) USE

1 Talc Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 Talc is a clay mineral composed Talc is used in many industries,

of hydrated magnesium silicate with the including paper making, plastic,
chemical formula Mg3Si4O10(OH)2. Talc in paint and coatings, rubber,
powdered form, often in combination with corn food, electric cable,
starch, is widely used as baby powder. This pharmaceuticals, cosmetics,
mineral is used as a thickening agent and and ceramics. A coarse grayish-
lubricant, is an ingredient in ceramics, paint and green high-talc rock is
roofing material, and is also one of the main soapstone or steatite, used for
ingredients in many cosmetic products.[5] It stoves, sinks, electrical
occurs as foliated to fibrous masses, and in an switchboards, etc.
exceptionally rare crystal form. It has a
perfect basal cleavage, uneven flat fracture and
it is foliated with a two dimensional platy form.

2. Gypsum CaSO4·2H2O Gypsum is a soft sulfate mineral composed Gypsum uses include:

of calcium sulfate dihydrate, with the chemical manufacture of wallboard,
formula CaSO4·2H2O.[3] It is widely mined and is cement, plaster of Paris, soil
used as a fertilizer and as the main constituent in conditioning, a hardening
many forms retarder in portland cement.
of plaster, blackboard/sidewalk chalk, Varieties of gypsumknown as
and drywall. A massive fine-grained white or "satin spar" and "alabaster"
lightly tinted variety of gypsum, called alabaster, are used for a variety of
has been used for sculptureby many cultures ornamental purposes;
including Ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, Ancient however, their low hardness
Rome, the Byzantine Empire, and limits their durability.
the Nottingham alabasters of Medieval England.
Gypsum also crystallizes as translucent crystals
of selenite. It also forms as an evaporitemineral
and as a hydration product of anhydrite.

3. Calcite CaCO3 Calcite is a carbonate mineral and the most It is used as a construction

stable polymorph of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). material, abrasive, agricultural
The Mohs scale of mineral hardness, based soil treatment, construction
on scratch hardness comparison, defines value 3 aggregate, pigment,
as "calcite". pharmaceutical and more. It
has more uses than almost any

4. Fluorite CaF2 Fluorite (also called fluorspar) is the mineral
form of calcium fluoride, CaF2. It belongs to
the halide minerals. It crystallizes
in isometric cubic habit, although octahedral and
more complex isometric forms are not
uncommon.
5. Apatite Ca5(PO4)3(OH,Cl,F) patite is a group of phosphate minerals, usually
referring
to hydroxylapatite, fluorapatite and chlorapatite,
with high concentrations of OH−, F− and Cl− ions,
the crystal. The
respectively, in
formula of the admixture of the
three most
common endmembers is written
as Ca10(PO4)6(OH,F,Cl)2, and the crystal unit cell
formulae of the individual minerals are written
as Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, Ca10(PO4)6F2 and Ca10(PO4)6Cl2.
6. KAlSi3O8 Orthoclase, or orthoclase
feldspar (endmember formula KAlSi3O8), is an
Orthoclase important tectosilicate mineral which
forms igneous rock. The name is from
the Ancient Greek for "straight fracture,"
because its two cleavage planes are at right
angles to each other. It is a type of potassium
feldspar, also known as K-feldspar. The gem
known as moonstone (see below) is largely
composed of orthoclase.
7. Quartz SiO2 Quartz is a mineral composed
of silicon and oxygen atoms in a continuous
framework of SiO4 silicon–oxygen tetrahedra,
with each oxygen being shared between two
tetrahedra, giving an overall chemical
formula of SiO2. Quartz is the second most
abundant mineral in Earth's continental crust,
behind feldspar.
Al2SiO4(OH,F)2 Topaz is a silicate
8. Topaz mineral of aluminium and fluorine with
the chemical formula Al2SiO4(F, OH)2. Topaz
crystallizes in the orthorhombic system, and
its crystals are mostly prismatic terminated by
pyramidal and other faces. It is one of the
hardest naturally occurring minerals
other mineral.
 used as a flux for smelting, and
in the production of certain
glasses and enamels. The
purest grades of fluorite are a
source of fluoride for
hydrofluoric acid manufacture,
which is the intermediate
source of most fluorine-
containing fine chemicals.
used to produce phosphate
fertilizer. It is also used to
produce animal feed
supplements, phosphoric acid,
elemental phosphorous, and
phosphate compounds for the
chemical industry.
orthoclase is a common raw
material for the manufacture
of some glasses and some
ceramics such as porcelain, and
as a constituent of scouring
powder. Some intergrowths
oforthoclase and albite have
an attractive pale luster and
are called moonstone when
used in jewellery.
these sands are used in the
glassmaking industry. Quartz
sand is used in the production
of container glass, flat plate
glass, specialty glass, and
fiberglass.
The most
common use fortopaz is as a
gemstone in jewelry. Topaz is a
a hard gemstone, but this
hardness also increases its
tendency to break. Because of
this, topaz is typically used for
 (Mohs hardness of 8) and is the hardest of any jewelry that will not be
silicate mineral. This hardness combined with its knocked around or come in
usual transparency and variety of colors means contact with hard surfaces.
that it has acquired wide use in jewellery as a
cut gemstone as well as for intaglios and other
gemstone carvings.

9. Corundum Al2O3 Corundum is a crystalline form of aluminium  its use as a precious

oxide (Al gem, corundumfinds
2O some use as an abrasive, owing
3) typically containing traces to the extreme hardness of the
of iron, titanium, vanadium and chromium.[2][3] It material (9 on the Mohs
is a rock-forming mineral. It is also a hardness scale). It is used for
naturally transparent material, but can have grinding optical glass and for
different colors depending on the presence polishing metals and has also
of transition metal impurities in its crystalline been made into sandpapers
structure.[6] Corundum has two primary gem and grinding wheels.
varieties: ruby and sapphire. Rubies are red due
to the presence of chromium, and sapphires
exhibit a range of colors depending on what
transition metal is present.[6] A rare type of
sapphire, padparadscha sapphire, is pink-
orange.
C Diamond is a solid form of the element industrial use of diamonds has
10. Diamond carbon with its atoms arranged in a crystal centred on cutting and grinding
structure called diamond cubic. At room tools, such as diamond-tipped
temperature and pressure, another solid form of drill bits and saws and
carbon known as graphite is the chemically the use of diamond powder as
stable form, but diamond almost never converts an abrasive.
to it. Diamond has the
highest hardness and thermal conductivity of
any natural material, properties that are utilized
in major industrial applications such as cutting
and polishing tools. They are also the reason
that diamond anvil cells can subject materials to
pressures found deep in the Earth.
SUBMITTED BY: SUBMIITED TO:

Ghea Caina & Ms. Abigail G. Apura

Bebie Ann Boligao HU11AI Subject Teacher