Anti-corrosion

Few destructive forces have plagued humanity with such determination and vigor
as corrosion.
Since the dawn of our modern age, mankind has struggled to find
ways to fight against this process. But through experimentation,
and ground-breaking feats of engineering, scientists have
determined what causes corrosive elements to react to surfaces.
They have also developed chemical agents which can prevent such
reactions from occurring at all.
Corrosion protection by organic coatings or paints dates back to the
beginning of recorded history. Since this time, the technology has
advanced through the understanding of the corrosion process and the
physics and chemistry of paints. Throughout this history four themes
persist: role of electrical properties, role of coating homogeneity, role of adhesion and
the role of the paint as a carrier for inhibiting pigments.
Techniques for corrosion prevention have evolved significantly— in fact, they’re almost incomparable.
The method has been perfected in recent years by introducing a protective coating for steel. Modern
phosphate ceramic steel coatings, like Eon Coat, allow for complete corrosion prevention instead of
simply delaying the process.
Thankfully you can prevent rust from getting a foothold, or stop rust in its tracks, with a simple-to-use
anti rust spray for metal (also called an anti-corrosion spray). There are a number of products available,
and not all of them perform the same function. They can be divided into:
Rust inhibitors – An anti-corrosion spray or paint treats the surface of your metal to protect it from
exposure to the substances that cause rust. This protective layer resists water, oxygen, and other
elements that lead to rust.
Rust treatments – A rust treatment will counteract rust, working to break down the bond between the
rust and the metal so you can easily scrub it away.
Rust primers – If you want to repaint an old piece or just don’t want to have to deal with all the rust
cleaning, there are also rust preventative primers which you can apply straight onto the rust. Better than
a plaster, it will stop the rust spreading and prevent rust forming anew.
Paint
Paint is essentially a coating or covering material applied on metallic or non-
metallic surfaces for decorative or protective purposes.
Most commonly they may be a protective as well as decorative finish.
It can be defined as: “A liquid solution of pigment (colouring material)
and solvent, which is applied on different surfaces for decorative or
protective reasons.”

Qualities of Good Paints:

Following are basic qualities of good paints.
(1.) Good Hiding Power:
It should be capable of covering the existing surface of material uniformly and thoroughly.
(2.) Colour:
After its use on outer surfaces, they are exposed to the atmosphere.
Due to the exposure to the atmosphere, it may be effected by rain or various types of radiation from
sunlight, which will cause bad effects on its ‘Colour.’
Good paints must maintain its colour under all these conditions or in any other circumstance.
(3.) Resistance:
Paints should be chemically inert to the atmosphere. This is essential if it has to protect the underlying
surface of a metal.
(4.) Easy Application:
They might have to be used over wide surface areas.
It is, therefore, necessary that it should be of such a nature that can be spread easily, smoothly, and
uniformly.
(5.) Economical in Cost:
Types of Paint should be selected according to the construction, and its cost should be as low as
possible. Costly paints should not be used in common construction

Fuel filter
A fuel filter is a simple device that is installed in a fuel system to screen out contaminants. Usually, it is
a metal or plastic can that contains a filtration element. Fuel from the gas tank enters the filter and
comes out clean and ready to be used in the engine.
Fuel filters have existed throughout the history of internal combustion engines. The early filters were
small plastic cans. This design was suitable for the engines of that time. With fuel passing through the
filter under low pressure, there was no need for an elaborate or high-strength device.
Early automotive engines didn’t use any kind of filtration for the oil. It wasn’t until a patent was granted
to Ernest Sweetland and George Greenhalgh in 1923 for their product the “pure oil later” or “Purolator,”
that you could buy an automobile with a full pressure lubrication system.
It would be many years later before a full flow oil filter found on today’s automobiles was incorporated.
The 1940s would bring about filtration systems on mass produced vehicles, and the 1960s made oil filter
changes much more convenient with the advent of “spin on” disposable filters. Through the next few
decades, advances were made in the internal construction and filter media, making the filters much more
efficient. Today, all automotive engines, whether gasoline or diesel, come with filtration designed to
improve oil cleanliness and thus extend the life of that engine.
What makes today’s filters better than those of the past is the filter media itself. Early designs
incorporated steel wool, wire meshes, metal screens and more to keep the particles from entering the
system. The next iteration of the media was in the form of bulk cotton or various woven fabrics, like
linen.
When disposable filters became popular in the 1960s, cellulose and paper were used to minimize
production costs. Although cellulose and paper filters still can be purchased today, a better technology
exists: synthetic media

How Important Is Fuel Filter To My Car?

This small device helps your car’s engine to perform at its optimum as well as last a long time. By
screening out contaminants, a fuel filter acts as an engine protector.

Where Fuel Filter Is Located in Car Engine?

Because they screen the fuel that goes to the engine, fuel
filters are mounted anywhere between the fuel pump and the
engine. Most modern vehicles have the filter in the fuel tank,
though, with some fuel pump assemblies integrating the fuel
filter inside them.

Headlights
Headlights are an essential part of today's vehicles - most of us couldn't imagine driving around without
them.
The first headlights were invented in the 1880s; around
the time the automobile was invented. However,
headlights were far from standard in these early vehicles.
Without the power of electricity, it was nearly impossible
to build a headlight that worked. The very first headlights
were acetylene lamps. These contained a small flame,
which could withstand some wind and rain.
Electric headlights were first developed in 1898. They
initially had many problems, and as such didn't become
popular straightaway. It wasn't until the early 1900s that
electric headlights became more mainstream. As automobiles grew in popularity, headlights improved.
In 1912, Cadillac created cars with the first modern electric system, including electric headlights.

Improvements in headlights
Since electric headlights became standard, there
have been many improvements. In 1915, the first
dipping low-beam headlights were produced.
These required the driver to get out of the car to
switch between high and low beam. Soon after,
dipping headlights that could be switched from
inside the car were introduced.
In the 1940s, headlights began to look a little
more like the headlights of today. 1940 saw the
first round sealed beam headlight. For decades
afterwards

American cars were only permitted to use round sealed beam headlights, making them the industry
standard. These sealed beam headlights meant that drivers couldn't replace their headlight bulbs.
Clear aerodynamic headlight covers soon became popular in Europe. These featured replaceable bulbs and
were preferred by auto manufacturers and drivers alike. However, they weren't allowed in the United States
until 1983. This meant that manufacturers who wanted to sell in America had to create workarounds. Some
car makers used different front ends in European and North American models. Others built cars with pop-up
headlights that conformed to American standards.
 
The next big improvement came in the 1990s with the introduction of
xenon HIDs. HID bulbs use an electric arc and are filled with xenon
gas that gives them a brighter glow and a slightly blue tint. These
bulbs have become standard on luxury vehicles, and are fast
becoming more common on all types of vehicles today.

Clutches
In terms of mechanical engineering, a clutch is that kind of device which used by engineers to engage as
well as to disengage transmission of power from a driving shaft to a driven shaft.

In the mechanism of a clutch, the driving shaft is directly connected to an engine whereas the other one
or the driven shaft provides the power output that is utilized by the user for working. Often times
clutches are used to limit the motion or amount of power transmission between two components. A
common example of a clutch is that it is used in automobiles for engaging as well as disengaging
gearbox and the engine of the automobile.

Battery

Whether it be a car, truck, SUV, van, or even a bus,

there is a vehicle out there for just about any need
imaginable. Although there is a massive amount of
diverse vehicle types that exist, there are certain
design aspects and components that are universal in
all vehicles. This is mainly due to the necessity for
operation. One of the essential components that are
universally shared among all vehicles is car
batteries.

As the name suggests, car batteries are batteries that

are specifically designed for vehicles. Most need
one, some require multiple, but just about every
single vehicle needs a battery for it to operate. While many different electronic devices are in the
common vehicle nowadays, the battery is not actually responsible for operating them while the vehicle’s
engine is running. The battery is primarily used by the vehicle’s starter, which activates the motor. Once
the engine is on and running, the vehicle’s alternator is what produces power for the vehicle. However,
the battery can be used while the engine is off; you can operate individual components like the radio and
lights. This can drain the battery of power, and if used for too long without turning the engine on, the
battery can lose all power, which would require the battery to be recharged or replaced.Vehicle batteries
have come a long way since their inception over 100 years ago, becoming more powerful, efficient, and
durable. Not a lot of people even think of their vehicle’s battery outside of when they need repairs.
However, without a fully functioning battery, your vehicle would not be able to start, let alone drive.

How Car Batteries Work

To understand how car batteries, operate, you first need to

know how batteries work. Electricity itself is the flow of
electrons through a conductive pathway, such as a wire. This
pathway is called a circuit and is circular. Batteries have three
primary components in them; the anode, which is negative
(-), the cathode, which is positive (+), and the electrolyte. The
 anode and the cathode, which are the negative and positive ends of the battery, are hooked up to an
electrical circuit. Causing a chemical reaction to occur inside of the battery, which creates a build-up of
electrons in the anode. This creates an electrical imbalance in the battery. As more and more electrons
build up, they begin to overflow.

Due to the nature of electrons, they repel each other and will seek out the area that has the fewest
electrons in it. In a battery, the only place for the electrons to go is the cathode. However, due to the
battery’s electrolyte, the electrons are unable to go directly to the battery’s cathode. The electrolyte will
only allow the electrons to flow to the cathode if the battery is connected to a closed circuit. Meaning
that there is an electrical wire connecting to both the cathode and the anode.

When the circuit is closed, the electrons are able to flow to the cathode and through to the electrical
component that is connected, supplying it with electricity. However, over time, the electrochemical
processes that occur in batteries change their very chemical composition, making them unable to
produce electrons. This, in turn, renders the battery useless and is why batteries, in general, have a
limited lifetime.

REFERENCES
Anti-Corrosion Spray - Anti Rust Spray. (2019, August 01). Retrieved October 21, 2021, from

https://www.coating.co.uk/anti-corrosion-spray/

Eon coat. (2021, April 29). 3 Types of Corrosion Prevention Technique Throughout History. Retrieved

October 21, 2021, from https://eoncoat.com/corrosion-prevention-techniques-throughout-history/

N. (n.d.). Fuel Filter: The Ultimate Guide. Retrieved October 20, 2021, from https://mzwmotor.com/fuel-

filter-guide/

Riley, E. (2020, January 21). The History and Evolution of Car Batteries. Retrieved October 20, 2021, from

https://checkengine.com/the-history-and-evolution-of-car-batteries/

Samardzija, E. (2017, August 29). When Was The Headlight Invented?: Power Bulbs EU. Retrieved

October 20, 2021, from https://www.powerbulbs.com/eu/blog/2017/08/when-was-the-headlight-

invented

What is Paint, Definition, Properties, & Components of paints. (2018, November 22). Retrieved October

20, 2021, from https://civilseek.com/what-is-paint-definition-properties-components-of-paint/

Wright, J. (2011, April 13). The Real Story on Automotive Filters. Retrieved October 20, 2021, from

https://www.machinerylubrication.com/Read/28436/story-automotive-filters-engines