LIMESTONE AND DOLOMITE THROUGH GEOLOGICAL TIMES

Algae, bacteria
OUTGASSING PRODUCES
PRIMITIVE ATMOSPHERE

1
4.60
0 Ma

4,600 Ma
ra
OLDEST KNOWN FOSSILS-
3
E
CYANOBACTERIA-FORMING
STROMATOLITES

r ia n 2
Invertebrates m b
Pre ca
3.8
00
Ma

2,500 Ma
OXYGEN ACCUMULATES
INVERTEBRATES IN ATMOSPHERE 2.200 Ma
DOMINATE THE SEA
Pre

FIRST MULTICELLED
FIRST INSECTS
4
cam

ORGANISMS
1000 Ma
bri

Ma
.000
6
an

1
Era

FIRST JAWLESS FISH

542 Ma

a
CAMBRIAN PERIOD

r
48

E
8

5
Ma

i c
ORDOVICIAN PERIOD

ozo
GYMNOSPERMS FLOURISH
44
4

e
Ma

FISHES FLOURISH

Pala
SILURIAN PERIOD
41
6
Ma

7 FIRST AMPHIBIANS DEVONIAN PERIOD FIRST REPTILES

359 Ma
DOMINANCE OF AMPHIBIANS
CARBONIFEROUS
PERIOD Ma
Pa

299
lae

FIRST DINOSAURS PERMIAN PERIOD

Ma
ozo

251
ic

EXTENSIVE COAL SWAMPS

Era

GREAT PERMIAN EXTINCTION

DINOSAURS DOMINATE
FIRST MAMMALS 251 Ma
TRIASSIC PERIOD

Er a
19
9,6

c
Ma

i
FIRST BIRDS

o 8
JURASSIC PERIOD

o z
Mes
14
5,5

9
Ma

CONIFERS ABUNDANT
CRETACEOUS PERIOD

FIRST FLOWERING PLANTS

Reptiles
65,5 Ma
EXTINCTION OF DINOSAURS
AND MANY OTHER SPECIES

Caen
TERTIARY PERIOD

10 ozoic
Era
FIRST PRIMATES

a
2.6 M
QUATERNARY PERIOD FIRST WHALES

FIRST HORSES
TODAY

11 FIRST APES

12
EXTINCTION OF MANY GIANT MAMMALS

Mammals,
birds MAMMALS, BIRDS, INSECTS
AND FLOWERING PLANTS FLOURISH GRASSLANDS WIDESPREAD EVOLUTION OF GENUS HOMO