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JURNAL AKUNTANSI, MANAJEMEN DAN EKONOMI

Vol.21, No. 4, pp. 9 - 18


Published online in http://jos.unsoed.ac.id/index.php/jame
ISSN: 1410-9336 / E-ISSN: 2620-8482

The Effect of Current Ratio, Debt to Equity Ratio and


Earning per Share on Stock Price
Kendrik1, Aldi Mukti2, Verent3, Hendriyo4, Billy Wiyogo5, Jamaluddin6
1,2,3,4,5,6
Universitas Prima Indonesia, Indonesia

The purpose of this research is to determine the Current Ratio, Debt to Equity Ratio,
Abstract Earning Per Share has a effect on Stock Price of the Sub Sector Property and Real Estate
on the Indonesian Stock Exchange partially or simultaneously. This type of research was
quantitative research. The data used in this research are secondary data in the form of
financial statements from 2015-2018 period. The research method used in this reseach was
the purposive sampling method and the sample used was 32 companies in the research
period for 4 years, so that 128 sample data were obtained. The method used is multiple
linear regression analysis using the help of Microsoft Excel 2010 and SPSS (Statistical
Package for Social Sciences) version 23.0 with the stepwise method. The results of this
research are: (a) Current Ratio partially has no effect on Stock Price, (b) Debt to Equity
Ratio partially has no effect on Stock Price, (c) Earning Per Share partially has a effect on
Stock Price, (d) Current Ratio, Debt to Equity Ratio and Earning Per Share simultaneously
effect on Stock Price.

Keywords Current Ratio, Debt to Equity Ratio, Earning Per Share, Stock Price

INTRODUCTION industry which is still negative, the majority of


The economic development of a country can investors, especially foreign investors, many
be done in various ways, wrong only by are releasing their shares in the property
understanding capital market developments sector and diverting their investment in
and developments various types of industries shares in other sectors, while the IHSG
in the country including one industry in the (Indeks Harga Saham Gabungan) in this
sector property. sector is quite good, indicating that
Stretching investment in the property investment in this sector is still attractive and
sector at this time is still not sufficiently is expected to provide the profit in the coming
developed because people's purchasing years.
power is not good because it depends on the One technique that can be used in
investment sector property. This is convincing analyzing financial statements is to use
from the Indeks Keyakinan Konsumen (IKK) financial ratios. Financial ratios can be
in June 2017 of 122.4 while the IKK in the grouped into 5 types based on their scope,
previous month reached 125.9. It is a namely Liquidity Ratios, Solvency Ratios,
decrease of 3.5 points that replace the Activity Ratios, Profitability Ratios, and
community do not need to be optimistic about Market Ratios. In this study, the authors
the conditions the economy in Indonesia, and measure the level of liquidity using Current
rising property sales that did not rise Ratio, which is the most common measure of
significant in the last few years. This is the a company's ability to pay debts in the short
same as the Indonesian Stock Exchange term, because the ratio shows how far the
data, which announces 2017 property, real bills of short-term creditors are able to be met
estate and building construction sector by assets that can quickly turn into immediate
indexes It fell 4.31% when the IHSG (Indeks cash (in the short term).
Harga Saham Gabungan) jumped 19.99%. In previous studies Valintino & Sularto
Meanwhile, this condition is further (2013) Current Ratio significantly influence
exacerbated by expensive property prices Stock Price. Whereas, in his research, Sari &
and the difficulty of people chasing property Hakim (2017) states that, the Current Ratio
prices soaring each year. In the midst of the has no significantly on stock price.

Correspondence to :kendriklm@gmail.com Received: Dec, 12, 2019


Revised: Dec, 21, 2019
Accepted: Dec, 30, 2019
JURNAL AKUNTANSI, MANAJEMEN DAN EKONOMI , Vol. 21, No. 4, 2019, pp. 8 - 18

Next, to measure the solvency ratio in this This can happen because, DER can
study using Debt to Equity Ratio which provide complete information about the
illustrates the ratio between total debt with company's debt and equity, making investors
total equity of the company. Empirical avoid and not interested in companies that
evidence that shows that Debt to Equity Ratio have high DER values. DER itself can be
has a positive effect on Stock Price comes measured by the following formula:
from research by Bahri & Darmayanti (2017).
But the results of research from Sari & Hakim ot l
(2017) show that Debt to Equity Ratio has no ot l qu t
significantly influence Stock Price.
Then Earning Per Share is the ratio Earning Per Share (EPS)
obtained from profits obtained from According to Watung and Ilat (2016), in
shareholders, where the level of earnings stock trading, investors always prioritize to
shows that the company generates the profits see the development or growth of earning per
needed by the market. From research share of a company so that earning per share
conducted by Panuntas, etc (2018) states can affect the rise and fall of stock price.
that Earning Per Share has a significant Earning Per Share can be measured by the
effect on Stock Price. According to Hery following formula:
(2015) In theory, if the value of Earning Per
Share is large, it will provide a large profit for rn n t r
investors, so that it can make investors
um ro r s utst n n
interested in buying shares.

Stock Price Earnings per share is the ratio used to


Stock price is a measure of a company's measure the success of management in
performance index, which is how far achieving profits for shareholders. When the
management manages the company on value of this ratio is low, it means that
behalf of shareholders. The measurement of management has still not succeeded in
this stock price variable is the average achieving profits for shareholders, instead
closing price of each company obtained from opposing the high ratio value, the
the share price at the end of the month period shareholders' wealth will continue to increase
(Murdhaningih, Mulyadi and Adi Wiratno, (Kasmir, 2012: 207).
2018).
Current Ratio (CR) Conceptual Framework
According to (Supriyadi and Sunarmi 2018), This is the conceptual framework in this
the current ratio is the ratio used to measure research :
the current assets of a company in paying off
its short-term liabilities. If a company is liquid,
the prospects for doing business in the future Current Ratio
are better. That way, investors will be H1
interested to invest their capital in the
company. This of course can also affect the H2
Debt to Equity
increase in stock prices. Current ratio can be Stock Price
Ratio
measured by the formula:
H3
urr nt ss t Earning Per
urr nt lt s Share

Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) H4


According to Nugraha and Sudaryanto Figure 1. Conceptual framework
(2016), DER is a ratio that can consider the
debt and equity requirements of a company Research Hypothesis
to investors. A high DER indicates that the This is the hypothesis in this research :
company has high debt, so investors will H1: Current ratio significant effect on stock
reconsider the company's shares. The higher price
the DER from the company, the higher the H2: Debt to equity ratio significant effect on
demand. stock price
JURNAL AKUNTANSI, MANAJEMEN DAN EKONOMI , Vol. 21, No. 4, 2019, pp. 8 - 18

H3: Earning per share significant effect on Multicollinearity Test


stock price According to (Ghozali, 2016: 103-104), If
H4: Current ratio, debt to equity ratio and there are independent variables that have a
earnings per share simultaneously effect on Tolerance value of more than 0.10, the VIF
stock price value is less than 10, it can be concluded that
there is no multicollinearity between the
RESEARCH METHODS independent variables in the regression
This type of research method is quantitative model.
research. The type of data used in this study
is secondary data. According to (Sugiyono, Heteroscedasticity Test
2014: 225), secondary data is a source of This test aims to test whether the
data that is not directly given to researchers. regression model occurs variance inequality
Secondary data comes from the financial from the residuals of one observation to
statements of sub sector property and real another. The method used in this research is
estate companies listed on the Indonesian the scatterplot diagram method. If there are
Stock Exchange (website: www.idx.co.id). no clear patterns, such as the points spread
The sampling technique used in this above and below the number 0 on the Y axis,
research was purposive sampling. According then there is no heteroscedasticity.
to (Sugiyono, 2013: 85), purposive sampling To detect the presence or absence of
is a technique in determining samples with heteroscedasticity can also use the Park Test
certain criteria. In this research, the criteria method. This test is carried out by regressing
set are companies listed on the Indonesian the independent variable with the LnU2i
Stock Exchange from 2015-2018 period. value. If the significance value between the
Companies that publish consecutive financial independent variable and the residual square
statements from 2015-2018 period. is more than 0.05, then there is no
Companies that received an earning after tax hetedoscedasticity problem.
from 2015-2018 period. Based on the above
criteria, the number of sample in this Autocorrelation Test
research were 32 companies in the last 4 According to Ghozali (2013: 107), the
years period 2015-2018, so the total sample autocorrelation test aims to test whether in a
selection of this research was 128 samples. linear regression model there is a correlation
between the error in the period t (being) with
Data Analysis Technique an error in the period t - 1 (previous). To test
Normality Test it using the Durbin - Watson test with the
Data normality test aims to test whether in provisions. If du <d <4 - du, then there is no
the regression model, the dependent variable positive and negative autocorrelation.
and independent variables both have normal
data distribution or not. Multiple Linear Regression Analysis
A more reliable method is to look at the To determine the effect of the independent
Normality Probability Plot which compares variables with the variables used the multiple
the cumulative distribution from the normal linear analysis formula as follows:
distribution.
If the data spreads around the diagonal Y α + β1X1 + β2X2 + β3X3 + ε
line and follows the direction of the diagonal
line or the histogram graph shows a normal The statement as follows:
distribution pattern, then the regression Y : Stock Price
model meets the normality assumption. α : Constanta
According to (Ghozali, 2016: 156-158), β1. β2. β3 : Regression Coefficient
other than that the Normality test can be seen X1 : Current Ratio
in the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, where the X1 : Debt to Equity Ratio
guidelines used in making this decision are If X1 : Earning Per Share
the significant value > 0.05 then the normal ε : Standard error
distribution and if the significant value < 0.05
then the distribution is not normal. Coefficient Of Determination (R2)
According to (Ghozali, 2013: 95) the
coefficient of determination essentially
measures how far the model's ability to
explain the variation of the dependent
JURNAL AKUNTANSI, MANAJEMEN DAN EKONOMI , Vol. 21, No. 4, 2019, pp. 8 - 18

variable. The coefficient of determination is Figure 2 shows that it can be concluded


between zero and one. A small R2 value that the residual data is normally distributed
means that the ability of independent because the points spread in the diagonal
variables to explain variable variations is very line, and follow the direction of the diagonal
limited. Values close to one indicate the line, both above and below the diagonal line.
independent variables provide almost all the Based on the table below, it can be seen
information needed to predict the variation of that the variable shows a significance value
the dependent variable. of 0.200 > 0.05 which means the data is
normally distributed. This can be seen in the
Simultaneous Hypothesis Testing (F- Asymp.Sig value. (2-tailed) 0.200 is greater
Test) than 0.05.
According to (Ghozali, 2013: 171), this test is
used to find out whether the independent Table 1. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test
variables simultaneously has a effect on One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test
dependent variable. According (Ghozali,
2013: 96) to find out whether the proposed Unstandardized
hypothesis is accepted or rejected is done by Residual
comparing the calculated Fcount with Ftable with
the provisions of the testing criteria, if Fcount ≤ N 128
Ftable then H0 is accepted and H1 is rejected at Normal Mean .0000000
α 0.05 n Fcount ≥ Ftable then H0 is a,b
Parameters Std.
rejected and H1 s cc pt t α 0.05. .50152027
Deviation
Partial Hypothesis Testing (t-Test) Most Extreme Absolute .054
According to (Ghozali, 2013: 171) this test is
Differences Positive .026
used to determine the effect of each
independent variable partially on the Negative -.054
dependent variable. According to (Ghozali, Test Statistic .054
2013: 97) this test is done by comparing tcount c,d
with ttable, with the provisions of the test Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) .200
criteria, if tcount ≤ ttable or -tcount ≤ ttable then H0 is a. Test distribution is Normal.
accepted and H1 s r j ct t α 0.05 n
tcount ≥ ttable or -tcount ≥ ttable then H0 is rejected b. Calculated from data.
and H1 s cc pt t α 0.05. c. Lilliefors Significance Correction.
d. This is a lower bound of the true significance.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Normality Test
Multicollinearity Test
This is the result of graph analysis in the
Table 2 shows the tolerance value obtained
normality test:
for the variable current ratio is 0.875, the debt
to equity ratio variable is 0.868 and the
earning per share variable is 0.991. The VIF
value for the current ratio variable is 1,143,
the debt to equity ratio variable is 1,152 and
the earnings per share variable is 1,009. It
can be concluded that there is no
multicollinearity.

Figure 2. P-plot normality graph


JURNAL AKUNTANSI, MANAJEMEN DAN EKONOMI , Vol. 21, No. 4, 2019, pp. 8 - 18

Table 2. Multicollinearity test Table 3. Heteroscedasticity test with Park test


a a
Coefficients Coefficients

Collinearity Statistics
Model t Sig.
Model Tolerance VIF
1 (Constant) -3.696 .000
1 (Constant)
Current Ratio -1.505 .138
Current Ratio .875 1.143
Debt to Equity -.150 .881
Debt to Equity .868 1.152
Earning Per Share 1.239 .220
Earning Per Share .991 1.009
a. Dependent Variable: LNU2I
a. Dependent Variable: Stock Price

Heteroscedasticity Test Autocorrelation Test


This is the result of graph analysis in the Table 4 shows the value of dw = 2,192, du
heteroscedasticity test using scatterplot = 1.7596 (where n = 128 samples, k = 3
diagram: independent variables), 4-du = 2.2404, then
1.7596 <2.192 <2.2404 (du <d < 4-du). With
this it can be concluded that the regression
equation model does not contain
autocorrelation.

Table 4. Autocorrelation Test


b
Model Summary
Model Durbin-Watson

1 2.192

a. Predictors: (Constant), Earning Per Share,


Current Ratio, Debt to Equity
b. Dependent Variable: Stock Price
Figure 3. Scatterplot graph
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis
Figure 3 shows that there is no clear The results of multiple linear regression
pattern, and the points spread above and analysis:
below the number O on the Y axis, then there
Table 5. Results of multiple linear regression
is no heteroscedasticity.
analysis
Table 3 shows that the significant value of
a
the current ratio variable is 0.138; debt to Coefficients
equity ratio of 0.881; and earnings per share Unstandardi Standardize
of 0.220. That means that the value of the zed d
variable current ratio, debt to equity ratio and Coefficients Coefficients
earnings per share is greater than 0.05 so it Std.
can be concluded that there is no
Model B Error Beta t Sig.
heteroscedasticity problem.
1(Constant) 2.63 22.95 .00
.115
2 8 0
Current .01
-.053 .022 -.183 -2.422
Ratio 7
Debt to .20
.112 .088 .096 1.275
Equity 5
Earning .00
.001 .000 .590 8.336
Per Share 0

a. Dependent Variable: Stock Price


JURNAL AKUNTANSI, MANAJEMEN DAN EKONOMI , Vol. 21, No. 4, 2019, pp. 8 - 18

Based on Table 5, we get the following Table 7. Results of F-Test


multiple linear equations: ANOVA
a

Y = 2,632 – 0,053CR + 0,112DER +


0,001EPS Model F Sig.
The constant value is 2,632. This constant b
1 Regression 25.800 .000
value indicates that the independent
variables, the current ratio, debt to equity Residual
ratio, and earnings per share are considered
Total
constant or equal to 0, then the value of the
stock price increased by 2.632. a. Dependent Variable: Stock Price
The current ratio coefficient value is -
b. Predictors: (Constant), Earning Per Share,
0,053. This shows that for every one percent
increase in the current ratio, the stock price Current Ratio, Debt to Equity
will decrease by -0,053.
The debt to equity ratio coefficient value is Based on table 7, it can be seen that the
0.112. This shows that each increase in debt Fcount result is 25,800 with a significant value
to equity ratio of one percent, the share price of 0,000, while the ftabel value is 2.68 (where
will increase by 0.112. N2 (n-k) = 124, N1 (k-1) = 3) with a significant
The earning per share coefficient value is value of 0.05. Then the result is Fcount> Ftable
0.001. This shows that each increase in which is 25.800> 2.68 which means that
earning per share of one percent, the stock simultaneous current assets, debt to equity
price will increase by 0.112. ratio and earning per share has a effect on
stock price in property and real estate
Coefficient Of Determination (R2) companies for the 2015-2018 period.
The coefficient of determination results:

Table 6. Results Coefficient of determination


b Partial Hypothesis Testing (t-Test)
Model Summary
Based on the results of data processing
Std. Error with the SPSS program, the t-Test results
can be obtained as follows:
R Adjusted of the
Model R Square R Square Estimate Table 8. Results of t-Test
a
1 .620
a
.384 .369 .5075508 Coefficients
Unstandardi Standardize
a. Predictors: (Constant), Earning Per Share, zed d
Current Ratio, Debt to Equity Coefficients Coefficients
b. Dependent Variable: Stock Price Std.
Model B Error Beta t Sig.
Based on table 6, the Adjusted R Square 1(Constant) 2.63 22.95 .00
value of 0.369 or 36.9% means that changes .115
2 8 0
in stock price variables can be explained by
variations in the current ratio, debt to equity Current .01
-.053 .022 -.183 -2.422
ratio and earnings per share, while the Ratio 7
remaining 63.1% is influenced by other Debt to .20
.112 .088 .096 1.275
factors outside this variable. Equity 5
Earning .00
Simultaneous Hypothesis Testing (F- Per Share
.001 .000 .590 8.336
0
Test)
Based on the results of data processing a. Dependent Variable: Stock Price
with the SPSS program, the F test results can
be obtained as follows: Current ratio variable has a tcount of -2.422
with a significant value of 0.017. While the
table is 1.97928 with a significant value of
0.05. Thus the ttable> tcount is -2.422 <1.97928,
so that the partial current ratio has no effect
on stock price of the property and real estate
JURNAL AKUNTANSI, MANAJEMEN DAN EKONOMI , Vol. 21, No. 4, 2019, pp. 8 - 18

sub sector in the Indonesian Stock Exchange The Effect of Debt to Equity Ratio on
for the 2015-2018 period. Stock Price
The debt to equity ratio variable has a tcount Debt to Equity Ratio partially has no
of 1.275 with a significant value of 0.205. significant effect on stock price of the
While the ttable is 1.97928 with a significant property and real estate sub sector in the
value of 0.05. Thus the ttable> tcount is 1.275 Indonesian Stock Exchange for the 2015-
<1.97928, so that the partial debt to equity 2018 period.
ratio has no effect on stock price of the The results of this study are in accordance
property and real estate sub sector in the with research by Wangarry and friends
Indonesian Stock Exchange for the 2015- (2015), which states that high debt will cause
2018 period. the company to have a high risk as well. So
Earning per share variable has a t count of this will make investors become not
8.336 with a significant value of 0.000, while interested in the company. High debt will
a ttable is 1.97928 with a significant value of reduce stock price. But the results of this
0.05. Thus the ttable> tcount is 8.336> 1.97928, study are not in accordance with the research
so that the partial earning per share has a of Tumandung, and friends (2017), which
positive and significant effect on stock price states that the debt to equity ratio has a
of the property and real estate sub sector in significant effect on stock prices.
the Indonesian Stock Exchange for the 2015- This means that if DER increases, it can
2018 period. increase stock prices. DER is the ratio of the
ratio of debt to equity. Ratio one shows the
Effect of Current Ratio on Stock Price amount of debt equal to equity. The higher
Current Ratio partially has an insignificant this ratio the higher the risk of bankruptcy of a
negative effect on the stock prices of the company. This ratio is widely used to see the
property and real estate sub sector in the prospects of the company so that the
Indonesian Stock Exchange for the 2015- company's stock price is possible to be stable
2018 period. and can rise so that investors are interested
(Rusli, and friends 2011), stated that the in investing their capital in the company.
current ratio as a measure of the company's
liquid level has limitations. One of them is the Effect of Earning Per Share on Stock
management can take a certain step to make Price
the statement of its financial position looks Earning Per Share partially has a positive
good so as to produce a good current ratio and significant effect on the stock prices of
value. Given this possibility, of course, the property and real estate sub sector in the
investors will be very careful in choosing this Indonesian Stock Exchange for the 2015-
ratio. That way, the current ratio has no effect 2018 period.
on stock price. The results of this study are The results of this research are consistent
consistent with the research of with Sari and Hakim's research (2017), which
Murdhaningsih, and friends (2018) which states that earning per share has a significant
states that the current ratio partially has a on stock price. If the value of earning per
negative and significant effect on stock price. share of a company is high, this will indicate
However, the results of this study are not in that the company has a high level of net profit
accordance with the research of (Supriyadi capability. So this will have a positive impact
and Sunarmi, 2018) which states that the on the company because of course investors
current ratio has a significant effect on stock will be interested in the shares of the
price. company. But the results of this research are
This means the company has a high level not in accordance with the research of
of liquidity. Then the company is able to pay Rahmadewi and Abundanti (2018), which
off its short-term debt. If from the beginning states that earnings per share has no
the company has been liquid, the company significant effect on stock price.
will likely continue to run its business bigger This means that not all investors see the
and better prospects for the future. If the value of earning per share as a consideration
company has good prospects, this will in buying shares. In this case it can be
certainly affect rising stock price. concluded that the value of earning per share
does not always has an effect on stock price.
So that earning per share has no significant
effect.
JURNAL AKUNTANSI, MANAJEMEN DAN EKONOMI , Vol. 21, No. 4, 2019, pp. 8 - 18

CONCLUSION Imelda, Agus S., W., & Muhamad I., D. (2018).


Based on research, the conclusion is as Pengaruh Current Ratio, Cash Ratio,
follows: (1) partially the current ratio does not Return On Equity Dan Return On Aseet
Terhadap Harga Saham Pada Perusahaan
has a significant negative effect on stock
Property Dan Real Estate Di BEI.
price of the property and real estate sub Universitas Palangka Raya.
sector in the Indonesian Stock Exchange
period 2015 – 2018; (2) partially the debt to Kasmir. (2012). Analisis Laporan Keuangan.
equity ratio does not significantly influence Cetakan ke-5. Jakarta: PT RajaGrafindo
the stock price of the property and real estate Persada Jakarta.
sub sector in Indonesia Stock Exchange
period 2015 – 2018; (3) partially earning per Khairudin dan Wandita. (2017). Analisis Pengaruh
share has a positive and significant effect on Rasio Profitabilitas, Debt To Equity Ratio
(DER) Dan Price To Book Value (PBV)
stock price of the property and real estate
Terhadap Harga Saham Perusahaan
sub sector in the Indonesian Stock Exchange Pertambangan Di Indonesia. Jurnal
period 2015 – 2018; (4) simultaneously Akuntansi & Keuangan Vol. 8, No. 1, Maret
current ratio, debt to equity ratio, and earning 2017 Halaman 68 – 84. ISSN: 2087-2054.
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property and real estate sub sector on the Manoppo, V., Ch.O., Tewal & Arrazi B., H., J.
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2015 - 2018. The results of the determination ROA Dan NPM Terhadap Harga Saham
coefficient of 0.557 or 55.7%, it can be Pada Perusahaan Food And Beverages
Yang Terdaftar Di BEI Periode 2013-2015.
concluded that the stock price variable can
Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Jurusan
be explained by the variable current ratio, Manajemen Universitas Sam Ratulangi
debt to equity ratio, and earning per share Manado. ISSN : 2303-1174. Jurnal EMBA
and the remaining 44.3% is influenced by Vol.5 No.2 Juni 2017, Hal. 1813–1822.
other variables t it was not explained in this
study. Marfuatun, Siti dan Iin Indarti. (2012). Pengaruh
Earning Per Share, Debt to Equity Ratio,
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