Elements Instructions

1 Lesson Number LN 003

2 Lesson Title Anatomical Background of Exercise
3 Objectives At the end of this lesson, students should be able to:
1. Explain the Anatomical body position.
2. Enumerate and differentiate the planes and axis of motion.
3. Enumerate and identify the basic body movers.
4. Demonstrate directional terms and movement terms.

4 Introduction to Anatomical background is necessary for an exercise -based movement

the Lesson because it explains and emphasizes how different body movers actually
work during exercise.

5 Lesson Proper Anatomical Position

● The body standing up straight and facing forward.
● Arms by the sides of the body and palms facing forward.
● The legs are straight, and the feet are slightly apart from one
another and turned outward slightly.
● This is used as a starting point for describing the body.
Planes of the Body
There are three main planes that transect, or divide, the human body
into sections to make it easier to describe the locations of body parts
and movements.
● The sagittal plane runs down the center of the body and
divides the body into left and right sides.
● The coronal plane divides the body into dorsal and ventral
sides.
● The transverse plane is at the waist and runs parallel to the
ground, dividing the body into cranial and caudal sections.

Directional Terms

● Anterior In front of or front

● Posterior In behind of or behind

● Ventral Towards the front of the body

● Dorsal Towards the back of the body

● Distal Away or farthest away from the trunk or the point of origi

● Proximal Closer or towards the trunk or the point of origin of the bo

● Median Midline of the body

● Medial Towards the median

● Lateral Away from median

● Superior Towards the top of the head

● Inferior Towards the feet

● External Towards the surface, superficial

Movement Terms

● Flexion - decreasing a joint angle

● Extension - increasing the joint angle back to resting
anatomical position
● Hyperextension - extending the joint past its resting
anatomical position
● Abduction - moving a body part away from its resting
anatomical position in the coronal plane
● Adduction - returning it to its normal resting position
● Elevation – lifting
● Depression – lowering
● Internal rotation – rotating joint towards midline
● External rotation - rotating a joint away from the midline.
● Circumduction - compound movement that occurs only at ball
and socket joints, which can perform multiple movement
types
● Pronation of the radio humeral joint refers to the palm of the
hand facing the ground
● Supination of the radio humeral joint refers to the palm of the
hand facing upward
● Dorsiflexion brings the dorsum (back) of the foot back toward
the tibia
● Plantarflexion refers to pointing the foot away from the tibia
and down into the ground.
● Eversio - bringing the soles of the feet out, so they are facing
away from the midline of the body
● Inversion - bringing the soles of the feet in, so they are facing
towards the midline of the body (and each other)

Basic Body Movers / Joints

● Neck joint
● Shoulder
● Elbow
● Wrist
● Finger joints
● Thoracolumbar joint
● Hip joint
● Knee
● Ankle
 Reference:
https://biologydictionary.net/anatomical-position/
https://geekymedics.com/anatomical-movements-of-the-human-
body/
Methodology / Discussion and Recitation
Activities
6.1 Home Study The students will be asked to review the lesson using the links:

https://biologydictionary.net/anatomical-position/
https://geekymedics.com/anatomical-movements-of-the-human-
body/
6.2 Video Video conferencing (VC) will be scheduled and will be conducted using
conferencing ZOOM app or Google Meet. Class discussion, Q and A, sharing, etc.
follow.
6.3 Assignments Content Review:
1. Video Recording of the movement terms
2. Video recording of specific exercises movements for each plane
of motion

6.4 Small Group The students will be asked to present their output during the
Discussion scheduled video conference.

1 Assessment
1.1 Recitation and During video conferencing, recitation and demonstration by the
practical students will be done as the teacher discusses the lesson.
demonstation
1.2 Assignment The output of the students in the assignment
1.3 Summative The concepts presented in this lesson will be included in the major
(Major Exam) examination.