For Exercise 2, w

rite your answers in this LADDER ORGANIZER.Note: Practice personal hygiene at all
times.
45
African students enter higher education underprepared for the
reading demands that are placed upon them. The findings
further revealed that students experience problems across all
aspects of the reading process especially in reading
comprehension and reading strategy used. Yet, there is little
evidence to suggest that learners at any level will acquire the
reading skills and strategies that can improve their reading
comprehension if they have not been taught (Tannenbaum,
Torgesen & Wagner, 2006).
In the United States of America, it was recorded by the
International Assessment of the Adult Competencies Literary
Scale (2012) that adults achieved an average literacy
proficiency score of 270 on a scale of 0 to 500 or three points
below the international average score of 273. These results
indicate a need to examine current practices in reading
comprehension instruction since it is so complex and requires
multiple cognitive skills and stored memory.
In the Philippines, a study conducted by Cabasan (2011)
revealed that of the 33 students, only two college students (6%)
were categorized in the independent level, 11 college students
(33%) were in the instructional and 20 college students (61%)
were in the frustration level. Only two college students then
could read with thorough understanding of the materials
presented to them without assistance. Moreover, more than half
of the students are in the frustration level or known as the
struggling readers. These are the students who need rigid
remedial work and intensive monitoring to be able to come up
with the required comprehension level to process information of
textbooks and other instructional materials.
Locally, a study was conducted by Cabardo (2015) in
one of the performing high schools in Davao City to determine
the reading proficiency level of Year 1 to Year 3 students as
basis for reading intervention program. The Philippine-Informal
Reading Inventory (Phil-IRI) materials were used in assessing
the level of reading proficiency of Years 1 to 3 students. The
results revealed that majority of the students belonged to the
frustration level of reading proficiency in silent reading while in
instructional level for the oral reading, majority of the males are
less proficient in reading compared to females in both silent and
oral reading.
Many studies conducted and many surveys
commissioned support the fact that many students have
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3. How did the
writers prove their
claim that
there
exists a problem
along reading
comprehension ?
_________________
_________________
_________________
_________________
_________________
_________________
4. How do you
describe the strategy
or the way the
authors presented
the context of
information in
paragraphs 3, 4, and
5?
_________________
_________________
_________________
_________________
_________________
_________________
________________
_________________
_________________Note: Practice personal hygiene at all times.
46
difficulty comprehending what they read. From these previous
studies, the researchers gained an inspiration to do a research
based on this topic. This research differed from all of those
previously mentioned researches because of some aspects.
In this research, the researchers emphasized on the
level of the reading comprehension of all Education students
enrolled in one of the catholic universities in Davao City. Such
endeavor was not achieved by previous student researchers let
alone, all college students from the Education department. Also,
there were no published researches yet with exactly similar
topic found in the institution for undergraduate studies. Another
aspect that the researchers dealt in conducting this study was
the possibility of instituting a reading program or supplying a
helpful set of guides on reading strategies and improvement.
Since several teachers in this university observed the lack of
many college students to understand average to difficult reading
type of texts.
Consequently, this study gave students a chance to be
equipped with reading skills and improve their reading
comprehension through reading strategies. This also helped the
students determine their reading performance and evaluate
their strengths and weaknesses on reading comprehension.
Therefore, the researchers of this study aimed to identify
the level of reading comprehension of the Education students
enrolled in the first semester of the Academic Year 2017-2018
in one of the catholic universities in Davao City.
5. What is/are the
objective/s of
conducting this
study?
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Source: Bilbao, M.E.; Donguila, C.L. and Vasay, M.J. (2016). Level of Reading
Comprehension of the Education Students. University of the Immaculate
Conception, Davao City, Philippines. International Journal of Liberal Arts,
Education, Social Sciences and Philosophical Studies. Volume 4 (1).
Exercise 4:
Directions: Construct an outline of a Background Information about a given
research topic. Choose one from the titles below that interests you or that
applies to your strand and use the ladder worksheet to organize your outline.
Titles:
A. Comparative Analysis on the Livelihood Impacts of COVID 19 Among
Filipino Farmers and Traders
B. Perceptions of Teachers and Parents Towards Distance Learning: A
Quantitative Analysis
C. Relationship between Entrepreneurial Skill and Business Preference
Among Females
D. The Correlation of Personal Hygiene Practices and Family Health Note:
Practice personal hygiene at all times.
47
General statement of
fact related to the study
Introduce the problem.
Point out Historical
Background if any
Broad Context of the
problem from a study
Localized context of
the problem supported
with relevant studies
Comparison of
findings and ideas from
at least three relevant
studies
Specify the literature
gaps in those
mentioned studies.
State the objectives of
the study.
Status
Ladder Worksheet
Assessment:
Write a Background of the Study section for your own research topic.
Consider
the type of information contained in each paragraph and the steps on how to
organize it. If you are conducting a group research, you can collaborate with
other members to come up with a collaborative output. Note: Practice personal
hygiene at all times.
48
Rubric for Scoring
Criteria
Corresponding
Points
CONTENT
The nature, extent and salience of the research topic are
comprehensively discussed. Different aspects of the
research topic are elaborated showing in depth and critical
analysis of the situation.
40
STRUCTURE/PATTERN OF ORGANIZATION
Background information is organized and presented
logically from a broad perspective and context to a specific
perspective thereby stealing reader’s interest.
30
SUPPORTING EVIDENCE
Ideas are supported with a critical evaluation of important
and relevant studies and literature with the use of proper
citation techniques.
30
TOTAL
100 POINTS
Reflection: Complete the phrase.
One thing I cannot forget from this lesson is
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______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________.
References
Websites
Bilbao, M.E.; Donguila, C.L. and Vasay, M.J. (2016). Level of Reading
Comprehension of the Education Students. University of the Immaculate
Conception, Davao City, Philippines. International Journal of Liberal Arts,
Education, Social Sciences and Philosophical Studies. Volume 4 • number
1.
Enago Academy (2019). “What is Background in a Research Paper?”
[Accessed May 31, 2020] from https://www.enago.com/academy/what
is-background-in-a-research-paper/.
Sachdev, R. (Nov 27, 2018). “How to write the background of your study.
Editage Insights”.www.editage.com.Note: Practice personal hygiene at all times.
49
Answer key
Exercise 1:
Exercise 2:
Exercise 3:
Guide questions: (Ideas may be similar or closely related to the given
answers)
1.
Reading comprehension
2.
Poor reading comprehension/ problems across all aspects of reading
process
3.
By presenting relevant studies in different contexts.
4.
Information were presented from general or broad perspectives to
specific ones.
5.
To identify the level of reading comprehension of the Education
students
Exercise 4: Students