NATIONAL UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

POWER SYSTEM DRAFTING

FPSD52L – ELEP11

FINAL PROJECT

DESIGN OF POWER SYSTEM

(LOBOC-TAGBILARAN-CATAGBACAN BOHOL)

Submitted by:
Robert Allan I. Herrera
BSEE
SN: 2018-103461

Submitted to:
Engr. Christian L. Pao
Professor

March 6, 2021
 PREFACE

Power System Drafting is one of the major Design course in the curriculum of BS Electrical Engineering,
and mostly applied in the field of designing a transmission line, substation or any power grid. The required output
in this course is for the author to design a five-bus Power System that is located in the Philippines. This power
system includes the generating units, transformers, substation loads and transmission lines, if possible. The author
is subjected also to show the power system’s per-unit calculations, system model, equivalent circuit, load, current
and power flow analysis, as well as the short circuit conducted from the faults chosen by the professor of this course.
Values from computations were based on the data sheets available in the web.

The content of the book were from all the learnings in Power System Lecture and Drafting. This book is for
the course’s partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The completion of this design would not be possible without the guidance and great help of these individuals for
their contribution to this design to the success of this project:

Laarni I. Herrera, and to the whole family of the designer for giving everything the author needed, through financial
and moral support.

Engr. Christian L. Pao and Engr. Rovenson S. Sevilla, for their passion, patience and dedication in imparting their
knowledge to the author and other designers not just for the completion of the design, but also to be a good
professional electrical engineer in the future.

To the author’s friends, for keeping him motivated and inspired to accomplish such requirement, and for constantly
reminding him that he can do everything with the guidance and assistance of the people around him.

And most of all, the Almighty God, for giving the author strength, wisdom and supervision needed to complete this
project.

Herrera, Robert Allan I.

2018-103461

Author

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

PREFACE

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………………………..4

CHAPTER II

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS…………………………………………………………………….7

CHAPTER III

SYSTEM MODELLING……………………………………………………………………………..10

PER UNIT CALCULATIONS……………………………………………………………………….10

LOAD FLOW ANALYSIS…………………………………………………………………………..15

SHORT CIRCUIT ANALYSIS……………………………………………………………………...19

CHAPTER IV

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION………………………………………………………24

APPENDICES

DEFINITION OF TERMS……………………………………………………………………………25

STANDARDS………………………………………………………………………………………...25

REFERENCES……………………………………………………………………………………………….29

CURRICULUM VITAE……………………………………………………………………………………..30

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 INTRODUCTION

This design project is the compilation of computations and diagrams of the power distribution system of
Loboc, Tagbilaran and Catagbacan, Loon, Bohol. The said compilation consists of the Single Line Diagram of the
Power System in the said area, its equivalent circuit as well as the diagram’s system model. Per unit calculations,
Load Flow, Current Flow and Power Flow Analysis, and Short Circuit Analysis were also included in the said
compilation. Location of natural sources like waterfalls, fossil fuels, and other natural energies that can be found in
the Philippines are major factors that dictate the locations of these power plants.

These Power Supply System are owned by the government and other public utility companies. The
interconnection provides relief from splitting up the plant capacity into a number of small units to avoid the cases
of uninterrupted power services.

LOBOC, BOHOL

Loboc is an interior town located twenty four (24) kilometers from Tagbilaran City. It is located on a little
valley and divided by a wide river. The river is being harnessed by a hydroelectric plant of the National Power
Corporation to generate electricity for six municipalities including Tagbilaran City. Loboc is considered as a 4th
class municipality with a land area of 5,765.70 hectares and composed of 28 barangays.

Tables 1.1 & 1.2: Summary Data of Loboc, Bohol

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TAGBILARAN CITY, BOHOL

The City of Tagbilaran is a component city and capital of the province of Bohol, Philippines. According to
the 2015 census, it has a population of 105,051 people. Tagbilaran has a land area of 3,270 hectares. Tagbilaran
City lies 630 kilometers southeast of Manila and located 72 kilometers south of Cebu City. It lies on the southwestern
part of the province, bounded on the north by the town of Cortes, on the northeast by the town of Corella, on the
east of Baclayon, and on the south and west by Maribojoc Bay and Tagbilaran Strait, respectively. Tagbilaran City
has its own airport located about 5 minutes ride from the heart of the city. The Tagbilaran Airport is the main airport
of the province and serves to three commercial aerial transportations such as Asian Spirit, Cebu Pacific, and
Philippine Airlines.

Table 2: Summary Data of Tagbilaran City, Bohol

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Image 1: The Single Line Diagram of Santa Clara (Loboc) and Bohol Diesel Power Plant three-bus system to
be improved.

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 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

PROPOSED DESIGN IMPROVEMENT

CATAGBACAN, LOON, BOHOL

The municipality of Loon is a 2nd class municipality in the province of Bohol, Philippines with a population
of 43,034 people based on 2015 census. Loon has 67 barangays including the specific place where the proposed
substation is located, barangay Catagbacan. Loon has a massive total land area of 11,975 hectares. As mentioned, a
substation in Catagbacan, Loon is proposed to provide service to the growing municipality. A 63 MVA 69KV /
13.8KV is proposed to be placed on the said substation.

Table 3: Summary Data of Loon, Bohol

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BOHOL DIESEL POWER PLANT

An additional two (2) generating units on the Bohol Diesel Power Plant is proposed to be set up in
Tagbilaran City in order to provide good power service to the growing power demand in the province of Bohol.
Two (2) Generating Units with 5.5MVA capacity each is chosen for the proposed additional units.

Image 2&3: The Proposed Single Line Diagram with five-bus Power System; The Single Line Diagram Basis of
the Proposed five-bus Power System
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 DESIGN ANALYSIS

EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT

Image 4: Single Line Diagram of the Proposed System with its corresponding values

Image 5: Single Line Diagram with corresponding computed Per Unit Impedances

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SYSTEM MODELLING

Image 6: System model of the impedance circuit of the five-bus system.

PER UNIT CALCULATIONS:

MVABASE = 63 MVA

KVBASE = 69 KV, 13.8 KV, 0.48 KV & 0.24 KV

At 69 KV Line:

692 KV
ZBASE = = 75.5714 Ω
63 MVA

At 13.8 KV Line:

13.82 KV
ZBASE = = 3.0299 Ω
63 MVA

At 0.48 KV Line:

0.482 KV
ZBASE = = 3.6571 x 10-3 Ω
63 MVA

At 0.24 KV Line:

0.242 KV
ZBASE = = 9.1429 x 10-4 Ω
63 MVA

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FOR GENERATORS:

At Generator 1:

KVBASE = 0.24 KV

ZBASE = 9.1429 x 10-4 Ω

63 MVA
ZG1 = j0.0137 (1.2 MVA) = j0.7193 p.u.

ZG1 j0.7193
= = j0.2398 p.u.
3 units 3

1 1
YG1 = = = -j4.1710
ZG1 j0.2398

1.2 MVA cis cos−1 (0.8)

SG1 = = 0.0152 + j0.0114 p.u.
63 MVA

At Generator 2:

KVBASE = 13.8 KV

ZBASE = 3.0229 Ω
63 MVA
ZG2 = j0.195 (22 MVA) = j0.5584 p.u.

ZG2 j0.5584
= = j0.1396 p.u.
4 units 4

1 1
YG2 = = = -j7.1632
ZG2 j0.1396

22 MVA cis cos−1 (0.8)

SG2 = = 0.2794 + j0.2095 p.u.
63 MVA

At Generator 3:

KVBASE = 13.8 KV

ZBASE = 3.0229 Ω

63 MVA
ZG3 = j0.128 (
11 MVA
) = j0.7331 p.u.
ZG3 j0.7331
= = j0.3665 p.u.
2 units 2

1 1
YG3 = = = -j2.7282
ZG3 j0.3665

11 MVA cis cos−1 (0.8)

SG3 = = 0.1397 + j0.1048 p.u.
63 MVA

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FOR TRANSFORMERS:

At Transformer 1:

KVBASE = 13.8 KV

ZBASE = 3.0229 Ω

63 MVA
ZT1 = j0.0145 (1.2 MVA) = j0.7613 p.u.

1 1
YT1 = = = -j1.3136
ZT1 j0.7613

At Transformer 2:

KVBASE = 13.8 KV

ZBASE = 3.0229 Ω

63 MVA
ZT2 = j0.0145 (1.5 MVA) = j0.6090 p.u.

1 1
YT2 = = = -j1.6420
ZT2 j0.6090

At Transformer 3:

KVBASE = 13.8 KV

ZBASE = 3.0229 Ω
63 MVA
ZT3 = j0.10 (
10 MVA
) = j0.6299 p.u.
1 1
YT3 = = = -j1.5876
ZT3 j0.6299

At Transformer 4:

KVBASE = 69 KV

ZBASE = 75.5714 Ω

63 MVA
ZT4 = j0.10 (10 MVA) = j0.63 p.u.

1 1
YT4 = = = -j1.5873
ZT4 j0.63

At Transformer 5:

KVBASE = 13.8 KV

ZBASE = 3.0229 Ω

63 MVA
ZT5 = j0.10 (10 MVA) = j0.6299 p.u.

1 1
YT5 = = = -j1.5876
ZT5 j0.6299

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At Transformer 6:

KVBASE = 69 KV

ZBASE = 75.5714 Ω

63 MVA
ZT6 = j0.165 (
63 MVA
) = j0.165 p.u.
1 1
YT6 = = = -j6.0606
ZT6 j0.165

FOR LOADS:

At Load 1:

KVBASE = 0.48 KV

ZBASE = 3.6571 x 10-3 Ω

0.482 MVA
ZL1 = = 0.192 Ω
1.2 MVA

0.192 Ω cis cos−1 (0.6)

ZL1 = = 31.5 + j42 p.u.
3.6571 x 10−3 Ω

1.2 MVA cis cos−1 (0.6)

SL1 = = 0.0114 + j0.0152 p.u.
63 MVA

At Load 2:

KVBASE = 13.8 KV

ZBASE = 3.0229 Ω

13.82 MVA
ZL2 = = 19.044 Ω
10 MVA

19.044 Ω cis cos−1 (0.6)

ZL2 = = 3.78 + j5.04 p.u.
3.0229 Ω

10 MVA cis cos−1 (0.6)

SL2 = = 0.0952 + j0.1270 p.u.
63 MVA

At Load 3:

KVBASE = 13.8 KV

ZBASE = 3.0229 Ω

13.82 MVA
ZL3 = = 3.0229 Ω
63 MVA

3.0229 Ω cis cos−1 (0.6)

ZL3 = = 0.6 + j0.8 p.u.
3.0229 Ω

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 63 MVA cis cos−1 (0.6)
SL3 = = 0.6 + j0.8 p.u.
63 MVA

FOR TRANSMISSION LINE:

At Transmission Line 1:

KVBASE = 69 KV

ZBASE = 75.5714 Ω

ZTL1 = (0.1693 Ω / km) (12 km) = j2.0316 Ω

j2.0316
ZTL1 = = j0.0269 p.u.
75.5714

At Transmission Line 2:

KVBASE = 69 KV

ZBASE = 75.5714 Ω

ZTL2 = (0.1693 Ω / km) (17.5 km) = j2.9628 Ω

j2.9628
ZTL2 = = j0.0392 p.u.
75.5714

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LOAD FLOW ANALYSIS

Image 7: Determining the Slack Bus, PV Bus and PQ Bus

Bus 3 – Slack Bus or the Reference Bus

Buses 1,2, 4 & 5 – PQ Buses

BUS TO BUS SERIES IMPEDANCES

Transformer 1-2 j0.6090

Transformer 2-3 j0.6299
Transformer 3-4 j0.6299
Transmission Line 3-5 j0.0392

SERIES ADMITTANCE

Y12 = -j1.6420

Y23 = -j1.5876

Y34 = -j1.5876

Y35 = -j25.5102

SELF ADMITTANCE

Y11 = Y12 = -j1.6420

Y22 = Y12 + Y23 = -j1.6420 + -j1.5876 = -j3.2296

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Y33 = Y23 + Y34 + Y35 = -j1.5876 + -j1.5876 + -j25.5102 = -j28.6854

Y44 = Y34 = -j1.5876

Y55 = Y35 = -j25.5102

MUTUAL ADMITTANCE

Y12 = Y21 = -Y12 = j1.6420

Y23 = Y32 = -Y23 = j1.5876

Y34 = Y43 = -Y34 = j1.5876

Y35 = Y53 = -Y35 = j25.5102

ADMITTANCE MATRIX

-j1.6420 j1.6420 0 0 0
j1.6420 -j3.2296 j1.5876 0 0
0 j1.5876 -j28.6854 j1.5876 j25.5102
0 0 j1.5876 -j1.5876 0
0 0 j25.5102 0 -j25.5102

BUS POWERS

S1 = (0.0152 + j0.0114) – 0 = 0.0152 + j0.0114

S2 = (0.2794 + j0.2095) – (0.0114 + j0.0152) = 0.268 + j0.1943

S3 = 0 – (0.0952 + j0.1270) = -0.0952 – j0.1270

S4 = (0.1397 + j0.1048) – 0 = 0.1397 + j0.1048

S5 = 0 – (0.6 + j0.8) = -0.6 – j0.8

INITIAL VOLTAGES

V1(0) = 1

V2(0) = 1

V3(0) = 1 (Slack Bus)

V4(0) = 1

V5(0) = 1

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SOLVING FOR BUS VOLTAGES AT SECOND ITERATION

FIRST ITERATION

(1) 1 P1 − jQ1 (0) 1 0.0152 + j0.0114

V1 = [ (0)∗ − y12 𝑉2 ] = [ − (j1.6420)1] = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟎𝟔𝟗𝟒𝟑 + 𝐣𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟐𝟓𝟕
y11 V −j1.6420 1∗
1

(1) 1 P2 − jQ 2 (1) (0)

V2 = [ − y21 V1 − y23 V3 ]
y22 V (0)∗
2
1 0.268 + j0.1943
= [ − ((j1.6420)(1.006943 + j0.009257)) − (j1.5876)1]
−j3.2296 1∗
= 𝟏. 𝟎𝟔𝟑𝟔𝟗𝟐 + 𝐣𝟎. 𝟎𝟖𝟕𝟔𝟖𝟗

(1) 1 P4 − jQ 4 (1) 1 0.1397 + j0.1048

V4 = [ (0)∗ − y43 V3 ] = [ − ((j1.5876)(1))]
y44 V −j1.5876 1∗
4
= 𝟏. 𝟎𝟔𝟔𝟎𝟏𝟐 + 𝐣𝟎. 𝟎𝟖𝟕𝟗𝟗𝟒

(1) 1 P5 − jQ 5 1 −0.6 − j0.8

V5 = [ (0)∗ − y53 𝑉3 ] = [ − ((j25.5102)(1))] = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟔𝟖𝟔𝟒𝟎 − 𝐣𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟑𝟓𝟐𝟎
y55 V −j25.5102 1∗
5

SECOND ITERATION

(2) 1 P1 − jQ1 (1) 1 0.0152 + j0.0114

V1 = [ (1)∗ − y12 𝑉2 ] = [ − (j1.6420)(1.063692 + j0.087689)]
y11 V −j1.6420 1.006943 + j0.009257 ∗
1
= 𝟏. 𝟎𝟕𝟎𝟓𝟎𝟐 + 𝐣𝟎. 𝟎𝟗𝟔𝟗𝟒𝟓

(2) 1 P2 − jQ 2 (2) (1)

V2 = [ (1)∗ − y21 V1 − y23 V3 ]
y22 V
2
1 0.268 + j0.1943
= [ − ((j1.6420)(1.070502 + j0.096945)) − (j1.5876)1]
−j3.2296 1.063692 + j0.087689 ∗
= 𝟏. 𝟎𝟖𝟓𝟔𝟑𝟓 + 𝐣𝟎. 𝟏𝟑𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟕

(2) 1 P4 − jQ 4 (2) 1 0.1397 + j0.1048

V4 = [ (1)∗ − y43 V3 ] = [ − ((j1.5876)(1))]
y44 V −j1.5876 1.066012 + j0.087994 ∗
4
= 𝟏. 𝟎𝟓𝟒𝟕𝟑𝟕 + 𝐣𝟎. 𝟎𝟖𝟕𝟎𝟔𝟒

(2) 1 P5 − jQ 5 1 −0.6 − j0.8

V5 = [ (1)∗ − y53 𝑉3 ] = [ − ((j25.5102)(1))]
y55 V −j25.5102 0.968640 + j0.23520 ∗
5
= 𝟎. 𝟗𝟔𝟕𝟎𝟓𝟓 − 𝐣𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟑𝟒𝟖𝟐

VOLTAGES AT SECOND ITERATION

V1(2) = 1.070502 + j0.096945
V2(2) = 1.085635 + j0.131407
V3(2) = 1 cis 0
V4(2) = 1.054737 + j0.087064
V5(2) = 0.967055 – j0.023482

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 Image 8: Bus Voltages at the 6th Iteration with a tolerance of 0.001

Image 9: Tolerances of the 5 Bus Voltages from 6 iterations

POWER FLOW ANALYSIS
At L12:
I12 = (V1 (2) – V2 (2)) y12 = [(1.070502 + j0.096945) - ( 1.095635 + j0.131407)] (-j1.6420)
I12 = -0.056587 + j0.041268
S12 = V1 (2) I12* = (1.070502 + j0.096945) (-0.056587 + j0.024848)
S12 = -0.064577 + j0.038692
At L23:
I23 = (V2 (2) – V3) y23 = [(1.085635 + j0.131407) - (1 cis 0)] (-j1.5876)
I23 = 0.208622 – j0.135954
S23 = V2 (2) I23* = (1.085635 + j0.131407)( 0.208622 – j0.135954)
S23 = 0.244352 – j0.120182
At L34:
I34 = (V3 (2) – V4 (2)) y34 = [(1 cis 0) - (1.054737 + j0.087064)] (-j1.5876)
I34 = -0.138223 + j0.086900
S34 = V3 (2) I34* = (1 cis 0) (-0.138223 + j0.086900)
S34 = -0.138223 + j0.086900
At L35:
I35 = (V3(2) – V5 (2)) y35 = [(1 cis 0) - ( 0.967055 − j0.023482)] (-j25.5102)
I35 = 0.599031 – j0.840434
S35 = V3I35* = (1 cis 0) (0.599031 – j0.840434)
S35 = 0.599031 – j0.840434

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SHORT CIRCUIT ANALYSIS
FOR FAULT 1 (AT BUS 2)

Image 10: The first fault given for the Short Circuit Analysis

Image 11: The positive and negative sequence network of Fault 1

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 Image 12: The zero sequence network of Fault 1

XTH1 = XTH2 = [ (T2 + G1) || G2 ] || [ T3 + (T5 + G3) ]

= [ 0.8488 || 0.1396 ] || [ 0.6299 + 0.9964 ]

= j0.1117 p.u.

XTH0 = [ 0.8248 || 0.1256 ] || [ 0.6299 + 0.9598 ]

= j0.1020 p.u.

63 (1000)
IBASE = = 2635.7295 A
√3 (13.8)

E 1 cis 0
IF3ph = = = -j8.9526 (2635.7295) = 23 596.5040 cis -90 A
XTH j0.1117

3E 3(1 cis 0)
IFLG = = = -j9.2194 (2635.7295) = 24 299.9032 cis -90 A
XTH1 +XTH2 +XTH0 j0.1117+j0.1117+j0.1020

√3E √3(1 cis 0)

IFLL = = = -j7.7531 (2635.7295) = 20 435.1719 cis -90 A
XTH1 +XTH2 j0.1117+j0.1117

3XTH2 E 3(j0.1117)(1 cis 0)

IFLLG = =
XTH1 (XTH2 )+XTH1 (XTH0 )+XTH2 (XTH0) j0.1117(j0.1117)+j0.1117(j0.1020)+j0.1117(j0.1020)

= -j9.5027 (2635.7295) = 25 046.5268 cis -90 A

MVABASE 63 MVA
MVASC = = = -j564.0107 MVA or 564.0107 cis -90 MVA
XTH j0.1117

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FOR FAULT 2 (AT T3)

Image 11: The second fault given for the Short Circuit Analysis

Image 12: The positive, negative and zero sequence network of Fault 2

XTH1 = XTH2 = [ (G1 + T2) || G2 ] || [ T5 + G3 ]

= [ 0.8488 || 0.1396 ] || [ 0.9964 ]
= j0.1070 p.u.
XTH0 = [ 0.8248 || 0.1256 ] || [ 0.9598 ]
= j0.0979 p.u.

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 63 (1000)
IBASE = = 2635.7295 A
√3 (13.8)

E 1 cis 0
IF3ph = = = -j9.3458 (2635.7295) = 24 632.986 cis -90 A
XTH j0.1070

3E 3(1 cis 0)
IFLG = = = -j9.6185 (2635.7295) = 25 351.678 cis -90 A
XTH1 +XTH2 +XTH0 j0.1070+j0.1070+j0.0979

√3E √3(1 cis 0)

IFLL = = = -j8.0937 (2635.7295) = 21 332.7916 cis -90 A
XTH1 +XTH2 j0.1070+j0.1070

3XTH2 E 3(j0.1117)(1 cis 0)

IFLLG = =
XTH1 (XTH2 )+XTH1 (XTH0 )+XTH2 (XTH0) j0.1070(j0.1070)+j0.1070(j0.0979)+j0.1070(j0.0979)

= -j9.9075 (2635.7295) = 26 113.5684 cis -90 A

MVABASE 63 MVA
MVASC = = = -j588.7850 MVA or 588.7850 cis -90 MVA
XTH j0.1070

FOR FAULT 3 (AT BUS 4)

Image 13: The third and last fault given for the Short Circuit Analysis

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 Image 14: The positive, negative and zero sequence network of Fault 3

XTH1 = XTH2 = G3 || T5 + [ T3 + (G2 || T2 + G1)]

= 0.3665 || 0.6299 + [ 0.6299 + (0.1396 || 0.8488)]

= j0.2896 p.u.

XTH0 = 0.3299 || 0.6299 + [ 0.6299 + (0.1256 || 0.8248)]

= j0.2658 p.u.

63 (1000)
IBASE = = 2635.7295 A
√3 (13.8)

E 1 cis 0
IF3ph = = = -j3.4530 (2635.7295) = 9 101.2759 cis -90 A
XTH j0.2896

3E 3(1 cis 0)
IFLG = = = -j3.5503 (2635.7295) = 9 357.6195 cis -90 A
XTH1 +XTH2 +XTH0 j0.2896+j0.2896+j0.2658

√3E √3(1 cis 0)

IFLL = = = -j2.9904 (2635.7295) = 7 881.9361 cis -90 A
XTH1 +XTH2 j0.2896+j0.2896

3XTH2 E 3(j0.1117)(1 cis 0)

IFLLG = =
XTH1 (XTH2 )+XTH1 (XTH0 )+XTH2 (XTH0) j0.2896(j0.2896)+j0.2896(j0.2658)+j0.2896(j0.2658)

= -j3.6532 (2635.7295) = 9 628.8218 cis -90 A

MVABASE 63 MVA
MVASC = = = -j217.5414 MVA or 217.5414 cis -90 MVA
XTH j0.2896

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 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

CONCLUSION
This final project showed the value of having a knowledge about all the topics tackled and discussed from
the courses of Power System Lecture and Drafting because these learnings were applied and reflected to the work
of this project from Per Unit Calculations, Load Flow Analysis and to the Short Circuit Analysis.

RECOMMENDATION

The author suggests that the future designers can create a Single Line Diagram with more than five buses
to further enhanced the application of the future endeavor’s knowledge about Power System, especially the one with
relevance to designing a Power Grid. The author highly suggests the use of software tools like ETAP for accuracy
of the values that may be computed in this design. Frequent consultations to your course professor or anyone that
works and specialized in this field of study is a must. Lastly, use the PEC or NEC as your main reference in
determining the provisions and laws when designing a Power System.

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 DEFINITION OF TERMS AND FUNCTIONS
Generator – a mechanical device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy that can be used in an electric
circuit for various applications like electricity to residential, commercial and industrial customers within the region
covered by its generated power.
Transformer – a passive electrical device that transforms electrical energy from one potential level to another. It
either increases or decreases the amount of electricity passing through this component hence the words “step up”
and “step down”.
Transmission Line – is a specialized cable designed to conduct electromagnetic waves in a contained manner. In
electrical engineering field, transmission lines are used to travel the generated power from the generating units to
the long-distance substation load.
Current – the flow of electricity in a circuit.
Voltage – the potential difference between two points of an electrical field and also known as electromotive force.
Reactance - – similar to resistance, it is an opposition to the passage of current in an alternating current (AC) which
is caused by inductors and capacitors instead of resistors.
Alternating Current – the flow of current that changes magnitude in a set period of time.
Power Factor – ratio of Real power (P) and Apparent Power (S).
Power – the rate of per unit time at which electrical energy is transferred by an electrical circuit or system.
Apparent Power – the combination of Reactive Power (Q) and Real Power (P) without reference to the phase angle.
Reactive Power – power that flows in multi direction when inductors and capacitors are present in an AC Circuit.

STANDARDS
• Philippine Electrical Code (PEC)
• National Electrical Code (NEC)
• American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
• Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)

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Image 15: Data Sheet for the Siemens Generators

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Image 16: Data Sheet for the 10 MVA Transformer

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Image 17: Data Sheet for Transmission Line

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 REFERENCES
• Sta. Clara Power Corporation
http://www.staclarapower.com/loboc.html

• Sta. Clara Power Corporation

http://www.staclarapower.com/news-newhydropowerplant.html

• Wikipedia – Loboc, Bohol & Tagbilaran City

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loboc,_Bohol
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagbilaran
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loon,_Bohol

• Bohol Philippines Travel Guide

https://www.bohol-philippines.com/loboc.html
https://www.bohol-philippines.com/tagbilaran-city.html
https://www.bohol-philippines.com/loon.html

• LS Cable & System. Electric Wire Cable. South Korea

• NGCP, Single Line Diagram

www.ngcp.ph

• WESM, Single Line Diagram

https://www.wesm.ph

• Independent Electricity Market Operator of the Philippines. Market Network Model Bus Oriented Single
Line Diagram

• Siemens AG. Modular Industrial Generators SIGNETICS M. Germany

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HERRERA, ROBERT ALLAN I.
14 TIBURCIO EXTENSION KRUS NA LIGAS, QUEZON CITY 1101
Mobile: +63 995-895-3190
Email: robertherreraaa@gmail.com

EDUCATION
Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering 2021 (Expected)
National University – Manila

551 M.F. Jhocson Street, Sampaloc, Manila

ORGANIZATION AFFILIATED

De La Salle University – Dasmariñas (DLSU – D)

Elected Auditor at College of Engineering, Architecture and Technology 2017

Appointed Business Manager at College of Engineering, Architecture and Technology 2016

Campaign Manager at SINAG Society of Leaders 2016

EXPERIENCE

Quezon City Hall (Project Management Assistant) 2018 – Present

On-site project assistant for the Office of the Councilor

SKILLS

Proficient in English and Filipino language

Knowledgeable in Microsoft Office (Word, Powerpoint, Excel, etc.)

Knowledgeable in AutoCAD

Knowledgeable in Dialux Evo

PERSONAL REFERENCES

Ms. Lorelyn R. Infante

• Project Manager, Quezon City Hall

• +63 920-437-9542

Engr. Vail Angelika C. Corado

• Process Engineer, Telford SVC Phils.

• +63 977-375-7981

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