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Comparative Analysis Tejeros Convention RHIST

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Primary Source: Santiago V. Alvarez
The Katipunan and the Revolution:
Memoirs of a General
1. Author’s Santiago V. Alvarez was a revolutionary
background commander who founded and served as
honorary president of the Nacionalista
Party's first directorate. He was also
known as "Kidlat ng Apoy" (Lightning of
Fire) because of his ferocious courage
and commitment as leader of Cavite's
renowned battles (especially the Battle of
Dalahican), and he was hailed as the
"Hero" of the Battle of Dalahican in
modern-day Cavite City.
2. When was the The account was written on 1927
account written?
3. Mention of dates  March 25, 1897 – when the
Tejeros Convention was
convened and the invitations
were signed by Sec. Jacinto
Lumbreras
 March 27, 1897 – When
witnesses discovered that there
was a meeting that had taken
place at the Tanza parish house
and the Supremo's decisions in
the election at the friar estate
house were not respected.
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Secondary Source: Teodoro A.
Agoncillo
Seeds of Discontent: The Revolt of
the Masses
Teodoro A. Agoncillo was born on
November 9, 1912, in Lemery,
Batangas, to a family that was heavily
involved in the Philippine Revolution of
1896 and the Philippine-American War.
He was a cousin of Filipino ambassador
Felipe Agoncillo, who tried (but failed) to
persuade the United States to recognise
the newly established republic's legality;
and Marcela Agoncillo, one of the three
ladies who embroidered the Philippine
flag; and first President Emilio
Aguinaldo.
The account was written on 1947-1948
 December 1896 – Bonifcacio,
his wife and 2 brothers, Ciriaco
and Procopio left for Cavite
 January 2, 1897- Bonifacio
wrote from San Francisco de
Malabon to his uncle-in-law,
Mariano Alvarez
 January 1897 – the town fiesta
of San Francisco de Malabon
was held and the rebels were
enjoying the afternoon games
that were disturb by a series of
rifle shots
 April 1897- the date where
Bonifacio stayed at Mrs.
Estefania Potente house until
the Spaniards captured the town
 March 22, 1897 - Aguinaldo's
birthday, when simultaneously
the battle raged and the
assembly convened the Tejeros.
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4. Mention of places  Friar estate house in Tejeros –
Where the convention took
 Cavite – province where
everything took place and where
the revolt successfully rose.
 Estate house – Where
Josephine will let Mr. Montenegro
stay where they were staying.
 Parish house in Tanza – where
it was rumored that Magdalo
leaders were currently holding
their own meeting
5. Key personalities  Supremo Andres Bonifacio –
he was slightly ignorant for the
fact that he ignored the already
filled out ballot.
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 Cavite – province where
everything took place and where
the revolt successfully rose.
 Mountains of Montalban and
Mariquina – where a delegate
was sent to look for the
Supremo
 San Francisco de Malabon –
where a parade took place and
people shouted, “Long Lived the
ruler of the Philippines!” to which
Bonifacio answered: “Long live
Philippine Liberty!”
 House of Santos Nocon –
Where Bonifacio quartered upon
arriving Malabon
 A barrio between the towns of
Imus and Dasmarinas – where
the battle raged and the
assembly convened the Tejeros.
 From Kawit, Noveleta and
Imus to the North; from Tanza
to the West; from San
Francisco de Malabon to the
northeast – where the
attendees, primarily from the
Magdiwang, strolled through the
sweltering day to Tejeros'
enormous estate-house. Some
of the guys were barefoot, while
others donned buri caps or wore
Tagalog barong.
 Town of Tanza or Santa Cruz
de Malabon - the former
summer resort of the friars, that
witnessed the first important
election held under the auspices
of the Katipunan government.
 Supremo Andres Bonifacio –
ignored the already filled out
ballots
 Emilio Aguinaldo – He was
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 Emilio Aguinaldo – hungry for
power and would do anything to
be in power.
 Daniel Tirona – He was greedy
and disrespectful to how he
handled the election and the
argument between him and
Bonifacio.
 President Baldomero
Aguinaldo – He was an assertive
man with no manners for he did
not leave San Francisco de
Malabon that night, in order to
convince that Magdiwang leaders
to reconvene the disrupted
meeting the following day.
 Santiago Alvarez – He lost his
position to Gen. Artemio Ricarte
after the elections.
6. Sequencing of 1. The assembly at Tejeros was
events (summary) convened on MARCH 25. 1897
2. Confidential information - Before
the assembly must convened,
Sec. of War Ariston Villanueva
(Madiwang Council) received
confidential information that Mr.
Daniel Tirona (Magdalo faction)
was set to undermine the
proceedings of the assembly
3. The assembly was called to order
by Chairmain Jacinto Lumbreras,
who announced the person topic
of discussion as how to
strengthen defenses in regions
still under Magdiwang control.
"We should first face the big issue
(what sort of government we
should have and how we should
build it)
4. There was a conflict between
General Apoy and Antonio
Montenegro that disrupted the
formality of the convention
5. Bonifacio declared that the
person receiving the most votes
will win the election no matter his
standing in his life.
6. Supremo Andres Bonifacio won
over Mariano Alvarez as the
Secretary of Interior
7. There was a heated conversation
between Daniel Tirono and
Andres Bonifacio regarding the
set rules of voting that humiliated
the Supremo.
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able to read Agoncillo’s account
before it was published
 Daniel Tirona – insulted the
meeting
 President Baldomero
Aguinaldo – Greedy for power
and hurried the elections
1. The Katipunan demanded that
their territory should be
reorganized among the several
Katipunan factions. The
Magdiwang and the Magdalo, on
the other hand, had been quietly
feuding over Cavite, with each
party desiring to be governed by
the other.
2. Supremo Andres Bonifacio was
invited to visit Cavite's
Katipunan. Three invites later.
Bonifacio had finally made up
his mind to come.
3. When Bonifacio arrived at Imus,
he was greeted warmly by
several members of the Magdalo
group. When Bonifacio saw
Vicente Fernandez, he became
enraged and ordered his arrest.
The Magdalo, on the other hand,
refused to let Fernandez be
arrested. Recognizing that he
has no power over the Magdalo
people. Bonifacio wrote Mariano
Alvarez a letter in which he
explained what had transpired
during the encounter.
4. Bonifacio was invited to
Noveleta by the Magdiwang. As
he entered the cities, the people
greeted him warmly with a
procession.
5. Because of the longstanding
animosity between the two
groups, the Katipunan lost to
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8. Bonifacio declared everything
that had happened null and void
that ended the convention
9. Baldomero Aguinaldo held a
meeting to revalidate and
reconvene the meeting earlier
that day with the members of
Magdiwang.
10. None of the members of the
Magdalo came to the meeting the
next day, but they organized one
of their own where the officials
that were elected during the
Convention took office without
those who were elected from the
Magdiwang.
11. The Magdalo sent men to defend
the Tanza parish house for their
oath-taking ceremony, which the
Magdiwang Council was unaware
of. The troops were under tight
orders not to let any of the
undesirable Magdiwang partisans
to enter the camp. The underdogs
in the power battle would have
been decimated if word of the
secret ceremony had come out
sooner, and they had attempted
to break into it.
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Polavieja, prompting a
convention at Imus. This
assembly, however, produced no
results since no consensus was
reached on the type of
administration that should be
established in the country or if a
new election is truly required.
6. The Magdiwang called for a new
convention at Tejeros, which
took place on March 22, 1897.
Jacinto Lumbreras presided over
the conference and kicked off
the discussion about developing
defense plans to defend Cavite.
7. Severino de las Alas pointed out
that the Katipunan must first
agree on the sort of government
that needs be adopted before
moving on to the other agenda
items.
8. There was a dispute about
whether or not the Katipunan's
established structure of
government should be changed.
Lumbreras ordered a break in
the meeting because he felt the
situation was getting out of hand
without producing any results.
9. After an hour, the assembly
resumed, with Lumbreras
handing up the chairmanship to
Andres Bonifacio.
10. Bonifacio authorized the petition
for a new form of governance,
emphasizing the need of
respecting the majority's choice.
Right then and there. The new
authorities who would administer
the newly established Republic
of the Philippines were chosen
in an election. Bonifacio stated
that whomever receives the
majority of votes must be
proclaimed and respected as the
winner, regardless of his
personal circumstances.
11. After Andres Bonifacio was
elected Director of the Interior, a
feud arose between him and
Daniel Tirona. Iwona defied the
earlier arrangement on majority
voting, which was an insult to
Bonifacio.
12. Bonifacio wrote Mariano Alvarez
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7. Differences  Written by an eyewitness who
between the two personally witnessed the event,
accounts the book focuses primarily on
what occurred during the
convention and includes
quotations from conversations
held during the event. The book is
brief and bland due to the lack of
adjectives used to describe the
situation, as well as limited
expression of feelings other than
visible emotions that led to
certain events, such as anger.
 It indicated that the Tejeros
Convention began on March 25,
1897, and specified the location
of the gathering, but did not go
into as much detail as Agoncillo
did in his report, which described
the disputes that developed
during the convention and how
the attendees dealt with them.
After a violent argument, the
author, General Santiago Alvarez,
ordered Antonio Montenegro's
capture, according to the source.
 Indicated 6 positions for the
elections
 Specified that it was General
Santiago Alvarez himself who
was dissatisfied with General
Artemio Ricarte's refusal to
accept the position of Captain
General of the new government,
but he was unable to tell that
Bonifacio wrote letters to his
uncle-in-law, Mariano lvarez.
Specifically, those who won from
the Magdiwang group were not
invited by those from Magdalo to
the oath-taking ceremony of
elected officials.
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a letter in which he expressed
his disappointment at not
receiving the presidency, which
he believed should be granted to
him as the revolution's originator.
He also expressed his feelings
to a buddy. Jacinto Emilio
 It was created based on stories
obtained from other sources
rather than firsthand experience
that would begin with a thorough
narrative of events preceding
and beyond the convention in
order to further provide and
comprehend Bonifacio's feelings
portrayed in the later sections
contained less dialogues. Most
incidents were portrayed using
flowery phrases and figures of
speech, which highlighted
Bonifacio's emotions by
describing what and how he
thought about a scenario as if he
were the main character of the
story.
 It presented conflicts that arose
during the convention but were
not told in detail revealed that
Jacinto Lumbreras only called
for a recess of the meeting after
arguments arose among the
attendees provided a detailed
description of the estate-house
where the assembly was held,
as well as a more complete list
of the attendees presented
conflicts that arose during the
convention
 Indicated 9 positions for the
elections
 It stated that when General
Artemia Ricarte declared his
unwillingness to accept the post
of Captain General, the
gathering erupted in yells and
chants of disgust.
 It provided the 2 excerpts that
were from the letter of Bonifacio
to a fellow Katipunero, Mariano
Alvarez that ended the text with
the election of officials that
happened at Tejeros.
 It has names of nominees that
were not part of Alvarez’s
memoir.
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8. Make your own  "Memoirs of a General" by
analysis Santiago Alvarez was written at
the Tejeros Convention and
centered on what transpired
during the convention.
 Santiago Alvarez was able to
specifically date, locate the
places, and identified their
functions in the events written on
his memoirs.
 Santiago was able to witness
first-handedly the things that took
place in the said event
 It gave a first-hand description of
the event and represented the
author's original thoughts, similar
to how Santiago Alvarez
described his personal encounter
as a conference participant in his
memoir.
 Alvarez’s dates on how the
events happened were more
accurate said by other resources.
 It ended with the elections in
Tejeros.
 "Seeds of Discontent," by
Teodoro Agoncillo, explores
what transpired following the
gathering. I observed Agoncillo
and Bonifacio talking about
Bonifacio's letter to his uncle-in-
law.
- Agoncillo mentioned several
incidents that Alvarez left out
of his report.
 It featured Agoncillo's personal
interpretation and analysis of the
main material.
 Teodoro Agoncillo gave us a
fresh perspective by focusing on
Andres Bonifacio and describing
everything that occurred before
and during the incident.
 Agoncillo was able to provide a
more comprehensive list of
those who attended the
conference, something Alvarez
was unable to do.

References:
Review: [Untitled] on JSTOR. (2021). Jstor.org. https://www.jstor.org/stable/20071978

(2021, May 14). FlipScience - Top Philippine Science News and Features for the Inquisitive Filipino.

https://www.flipscience.ph/news/features-news/national-scientist-teodoro-agoncillo/

Santiago V. Alvarez. (2021). Goodreads.com.

https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/454299.Santiago_V_Alvarez

TheBiography.us, & TheBiography.us. (2018). Biography of Santiago Álvarez (1872-1930). Thebiography.us.

https://thebiography.us/en/alvarez-santiago1

Tejeros Convention | Presidential Museum and Library. (2013). Malacanang.gov.ph.

http://malacanang.gov.ph/tejeros-convention/

Guest. (2020). TEJEROS CONVENTION yyy - PDFCOFFEE.COM. Pdfcoffee.com; PDFCOFFEE.COM.

https://pdfcoffee.com/tejeros-convention-yyy-pdf-free.html

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