Floor Vibrations

CE539
CE 539- -Advanced
AdvancedSteel
SteelStructures
Structures
(Reference:Negin
Professor T.A. Sabol)
A. Tauberg
CE 539
Advanced Steel Structures
Lecture 3
Floor Vibrations
CE539
CE 539- -Advanced
AdvancedSteel
SteelStructures
Structures
(Reference:Negin
A. Tauberg
Week 3 Schedule
Ø HW1 is graded & solutions are posted
Ø HW2 due Friday 2/5: submit one compiled pdf
§ Make use of discussion board on D2L (under My Tools)
§ Questions? ….
Ø Today’s lecture:
§ Floor Vibrations
§ RAM Tutorial
Ø Week 3 participation Quiz due Monday 2/8
Ø HW3 due Friday 2/12
2
CE539
CE 539- -Advanced
AdvancedSteel
SteelStructures
Structures
(Reference:Negin
A. Tauberg
Assignment 2 Questions
Ø Composite Beam Design
o Stud arrangement for beam
o Stud arrangement for girder
o fully vs. partially composite
o Construction LL only for pre-comp
o Heavy live loads not reducible (§4.7.3)
o Partition LL not required here (§4.3.2)
3
CE539
CE 539- -Advanced
AdvancedSteel
SteelStructures
Structures
(Reference:Negin
A. Tauberg
Floor Vibrations
(due to human activity)
Reference: Murray, Allen, and Ungar, AISC Design Guide 11:
Floor Vibrations Due to Human Activity, Chicago: American
Institute of Steel Construction, 2016
CE539
CE 539- -Advanced
AdvancedSteel
SteelStructures
Structures
(Reference:Negin
A. Tauberg
References on Course Website

Ø AISC Design Guide 11 – Floor Vibrations
5
CE 539 - Advanced Steel Structures
(Reference: T.A. Sabol)
Background
Modern steel floor systems may be susceptible to
vibration problems due to:
§ Increasingly lighter floor systems
§ More frequent use of partitions that do not connect
to the floor above
Primary criteria for evaluating vibration problems
include
§ Flexibility
§ Mass and Note that
§ Damping “strength” is
not a criterion
6
Background
Damping is not easily controlled by the designer
in most floor systems, so selection of
appropriate floor mass and stiffness is key
Other contributors to the amount of floor vibration
§ Resonance -- Soldiers “break step” when marching
across bridges to avoid potentially dangerous
resonant vibration
§ Type of activity (walking, rhythmic activities,
machinery, etc.)
7
Theoretically
Background
unlimited
response
tempered by
damping
This suggests that

damping analysis
should focus on the
floor panel rather than
individual beams
Dynamic Response to Sinusoidal “One-Way Response of Beams and

Forcing Function (Fig. 1-5) “Two-Way” Response of Floors
8
Background
Human perception to vibration is a psychological
response
Many studies have been conducted to establish
acceptable thresholds
First known stiffness criterion appeared in 1828:
§ Girders over long spans should be “made deep to
avoid the inconvenience of being able to move on
the floor without shaking everything in the room”
9
Background
Other stiffness criteria:
§ Live load deflection < “Span”/360
§ Member span-to-depth ratio < 24
In the past, resonance largely ignored in design of
floor systems because of complexity in:
§ Accurately predicting floor response
§ Accurately gauging human acceptability for various
levels of vibratory excitement
10
Acceptance Criteria
What determines if a floor system is acceptable?
§ Past studies have looked at human response to floor
vibration
§ The body registers “acceleration” not velocity or
displacement
§ Thus, most modern acceptance criteria are geared
toward estimating the amount a floor accelerates due
to activity (e.g. footfall due to walking).
§ Older criteria often used displacement as a proxy for
acceleration
11
Acceptance Criteria
Empirical Experience
Floors in this range will
be considered
unacceptable
Floors in this range

will generate
complaints
Floors in this range will
Most common
generally be acceptable
floor frequencies
if the floor has at least
3% damping
Modified
Reiher-Meister
Criteria 12
Acceptance Criteria
Most commonly used acceptance criterion in the
past was the Modified Reiher-Meister (MRM)
Scale
Displacement If it was desired to limit the
used rather amount of vibration to the
than velocity “slightly perceptible” range, for a
floor frequency of 10 Hz, the
floor displacement must be less
than 0.004 in. when subjected to
0.004” a standardized point load
13
Acceptance Criteria
Improved Criteria
§ Improved criteria should consider
§ Use of the floor
§ Source of the vibration
§ Recognize that floors behave as two-way
systems
§ Recalibration to reflect modern construction
methods and standards
14
Acceptance Criteria
Murray Criteria for Walking Excitation
§ Applies to steel beam or joist-supported floor
systems
§ Acceleration limits for floors have been adjusted for
the intended occupancy
§ Considers dynamic characteristics of the floor
system
15
Acceptance Criteria
Murray Criteria for Walking Excitation
§ Limits are presented in terms of multiples of a
baseline curve plotting RMS acceleration
§ Limits are adjusted for different occupancies as a
“multiple” of a standard curve
§ Multipliers are:
§ 10 for offices
Decreasing
sensitivity
§ 30 for shopping malls and indoor footbridges

§ 100 for outdoor footbridges
16
Acceptance Criteria
For a shopping mall, dining or

dancing a floor with a
fundamental frequency of 4 Hz,
the recommended peak floor
acceleration is 0.015g
Points below this line are

judged acceptable for
For an office or residential floor offices and residences
with a fundamental frequency
of 4 Hz, the recommended peak
floor acceleration is 0.005g
Figure 2-1. Recommended Peak

Acceleration Limits (ao/g) vs.
Floor Frequency
17
Acceptance Criteria
Walking Excitation – Forcing Function
§ Time dependent harmonic force component which
matches fundamental frequency of the floor
Fi = Pa i cos ( 2p fstept )
where
P = person’s weight (157 lbs)
αi = dynamic coefficient for ith harmonic force
component
i = harmonic multiple of the step frequency
fstep= step frequency 18
Acceptance Criteria
Curve fit for

Dynamic
Coefficient “α”
vs. Frequency
19
Acceptance Criteria
Walking Excitation – Response of Floor Systems
§ Resonance response function
a Ra i P
= cos ( 2p fstept )
g bW
where
R = reduction factor
β = modal damping ratio
W = effective weight of the floor
20
Acceptance Criteria
Walking Excitation - Response of Floor Systems
§ Reduction factor (R) takes into account full steady-
state resonant motion is not achieved for walking
and “walking” person and “receiving” person are
not simultaneously at the location of maximum
modal displacement
§ R can be conservatively taken as 0.5 for floor
structures with two-way mode shape configurations
(roughly square framing bays)
§ R can be 0.7 for one-way modal shape
configurations, such as pedestrian bridges
21
Acceptance Criteria
Walking Excitation - Response of Floor Systems
§ Peak acceleration due to walking can be estimated
by selecting the lowest harmonic, i, for which the
forcing function frequency, f = i fstep, can match a
natural frequency of the floor
§ Simplifying the general harmonic equation
assuming α = 0.83exp(-0.35f )
ap Po exp ( -0.35fn ) ao
= £
g bW g
22
Effective
Acceptance Criteria harmonic force
due to walking
ap Po exp ( -0.35fn ) ao resulting in
= £ resonance
g bW g
where
ap/g = estimated peak acceleration
ao/g = acceleration limit from Figure 2-1
fn = natural frequency of floor structure
Po = constant force equal to 65 lb for floors
23
Acceptance Criteria
Walking Excitation
§ Motion due to quasi-static deflection and footstep
impulse vibration can become more critical than
resonance when floor fundamental frequency >
about 8 Hz
§ Thus, acceleration limit ao/g in Figure 2-1 is not
increased with frequency above 8 Hz.
§ Also, to account for motion due to varying static
deflection, a minimum static stiffness under
concentrated load must be satisfied if floor natural
frequency > 9 to 10 Hz
24
Natural Frequency of Steel Floor Systems

Fundamental Relationship
§ Steel framed floor systems are generally two-way
systems that may have several vibration modes with
closely spaced frequencies
§ A simplified procedure has been developed to
calculate response of beams, girders, and the
combined floor system
25

§ Floor is assumed to consist of a concrete slab (or
deck) supported on steel beams which are
supported by steel girders between columns
§ Natural frequency, fn, of a critical mode is estimated
by first considering a “beam panel” and a “girder”
panel
§ Alternatively, frequency can be estimated using
finite element analysis
26

§ Assuming a uniformly loaded, simply supported
beam, “beam” and “girder” panel values of fn are:
p gE s It
fn = 4 n = Es/Ec
where 2 wL
It = transformed moment of inertia or effective
transformed moment of inertia if shear
deformations are included (in4)
w = actual uniformly distributed weight per unit
length (lbs/in)
L = member span (in.) 27

§ Combined mode or system frequency is estimated
as:
1 1 1
2
= 2+ 2 Dunkerley
fn fb fg relationship
where
fb = beam panel mode frequency
fg = girder panel mode frequency
28

§ These frequency equations can be simplified:
p gE s It g
fn = = 0.18 Beam or girder frequency
2 wL 4
D
g
fn = 0.18 Combined mode (i.e. beam
Db + Dg and girder)
where
Δ = midspan deflection of the member relative to
its supports due to weight supported
Δb, Δg = beam, girder deflections due to weight
supported 29

Composite Action
§ To account for the greater stiffness of concrete
under dynamic loading, it is recommended to use
1.35 Ec
§ In calculating Itr , the effective width should be taken
as the beam spacing but not more than 0.4 x beam
span (adjust proportionally for edge beams: i.e., half
beam spacing and 0.2 x beam span)
30

Composite Action
§ Calculating moment of inertia in composite sections
requires use of the transformed moment of inertia, Itr
§ This would apply even if shear connectors are not
used because small magnitude shear forces are
resisted by deck-to-beam connection (e.g. welding)
31

Assumed Distributed Weight
§ Actual supported weight should be used when
estimating floor frequency (i.e. the actual dead and
live loads not the design dead and live loads)
§ Recommended live loads per Table 3-1
32

Assumed Distributed Weight
§ It is assumed that beams and girders are essentially
uniformly loaded and simply supported
§ If a girder is loaded only at midspan, the calculated
deflection should be multiplied by 4/π = 1.3 to adjust
frequency between uniformly loaded beam and one
with mass concentrated at midspan
Adjusted fn for
g
fn = 0.18 midspan-
1.3D loaded girder
33

Continuity
§ For continuous beams with equal spans, the
fundamental frequency is assumed to equal that for a
single simply-supported beam
§ For two continuously supported spans
é km æ L2S öù
ê 0.4 + ç 1 + 0.6 2 ÷ú
ê ks è LM øúD
D=
ê km ú SS
ê 1+ ú
êë ks úû
34

Continuity
§ For three continuously supported spans
é km æ L2S öù
ê 0.6 + 2 ç 1 + 1.2 2 ÷ú
ê ks è LM øúD
D=
ê km ú SS
ê 3+2 ú
êë ks úû
where
ΔSS = Simply supported deflection of larger (main) span
km = IM/LM and ks = IS/LS
See next slide for definition of LM and LS
35

Continuity
Modal flexural deflections, Δ, for

beams continuous over supports
Two Spans
Note: other adjustments apply to

beams continuous with columns,
cantilevers, beam with significant
shear deformation, open web
joists/girders
Three Spans
36
Design for Walking Excitation

Introduction
§ Traditionally, floor frequencies were found in the 5 to 8
Hz range
§ Use of lightweight concrete and limit state design
resulted in lighter floors with higher frequencies
§ In addition, spans have increased with the result that
frequencies drop below 5 Hz
§ Most existing criteria do not evaluate vibration above 8
Hz and below 5 Hz
§ The Murray criteria allow evaluations over a wide
range of floor frequencies
37

Introduction
ap Po exp ( -0.35fn ) ao
§ Recall: = £
g bW g
where
Po = constant force representing the excitation
fn = natural frequency of beam, girder, or combined
panel, as applicable
ap/g = estimated peak acceleration
ao/g = acceleration limit from Figure 2-1
β = modal damping ratio
W = effective weight supported by the framing 38

Recommended Tolerance Limits & Parameters
Damping is
cumulative
2
39

Recommended Tolerance Limits & Parameters
§ Recommended values of Po and β as well as ao/g limits
are given in the previous tables.
§ Figure 2-1 can be used if the plateau between 4 to 8 Hz
is extended from 8 to 20 Hz
§ If fn > 9 to 10 Hz, significant resonance with walking
harmonics does not occur, but walking vibration can
still be annoying. Minimum stiffness of 5.7 k/in is
recommended for office and residential occupancies
40

Estimation of Required Parameters
§ Obtain “beam panel” and “girder panel” modes separately
and then combine them as discussed previously
§ Effective Panel Weight, W = wBL
where w = supported weight per unit area
L = member span
B = effective width
§ Where beams or girders are continuous and adjacent span
is 0.7 times span under consideration or beams are shear-
connected to girder webs, W can be increased by 50%
(does not apply with girders framed into columns)
41

§ Effective width, B For beam
0.25
æ Ds ö panel effective
Bb = Cb ç ÷ Lb width
where è Db ø
Cb = 2.0 for beams in most areas
1.0 for beams parallel to an edge
Ds = transformed slab moment of inertia per unit width
= 12d3e (in4/ft)
de = effective depth of concrete slab, usually taken as
depth of concrete fill plus one-half deck depth
n = dynamic modular ratio = Es/1.35Ec 42

§ Effective width, B For beam
0.25
æ Ds ö panel effective
Bb = Cb ç ÷ Lb width
where è Db ø
Db = beam transformed moment of inertia per unit width
= It/S (in4/ft)
It = effective moment of inertia of tee-beam
S = beam spacing
Lb = beam span
43

§ Effective width, Bg For girder
0.25
æ Db ö panel effective
Bg = Cg ç ÷÷ Lg width
where ç Dg
è ø
Cg = 1.8 for girders supporting beams connected to
girder web
Dg = transformed girder moment of inertia per unit width
= Ig/Lb for all but edge girders
= 2Ig/Lb for edge girders
Lg = girder span
44

§ Panel weight for combined mode
Db Dg
W= Wb + Wg
Db + Dg Db + Dg
where
Δb , Δg = maximum deflections of beam and girder,
respectively due to supported weight (assuming
composite action, if appropriate)
Wb, Wg = effective panel weights for beam and girder
panels, respectively
45

§ If girder span, Lg, is less than beam panel width, Bb,
the combined mode is restricted and the system is
effectively stiffened. Adjust girder deflection:
Lg
D g = Dg
'
Bb
where
Lg/Bb
is taken not less than 0.5 nor greater than 1.0 for
calculation purposes
§ If beam span is less than one-half girder span, beam mode
and combined mode should be checked separately
46

§ Damping primarily depends on non-structural
components, furnishings, and occupants. See Table 4-2
for recommended values (1% to 5%)
§ ~2%: floors with few non-structural components/furnishings (e.g. open work areas)
§ ~3%: floors with non-structural components & furnishing (e.g., modular office areas)
§ ~5%: floors in office and residential occupancies with full-height partitions
§ Recommended values are approximately half of those

found in other criteria because modal damping excludes
vibration transmission whereas dispersion effects due to
vibration transmission were included in earlier criteria
47

§ Minimum floor stiffness of 5.7 k/in for floors where fn >
9 to 10 Hz
§ Estimate deflection of beam panel under point load
D ob
D bP =
where
Neff
Δob = static deflection of a single, simply supported tee-
beam due to a 0.225 k point load using same
effective moment of inertia used to find fn.
Concentrated load is to be placed to produce
maximum possible deflection of tee-beam.
48

D ob
D bP =
where Neff
Neff = number of effective beams.
4 2
de -9 L æ Lb ö
S
(
= 0.49 + 34.2 + 9.0x10 ) It
b
- 0.00059 ç ÷ ³ 1.0
èSø
for de
0.018 £ £ 0.208
S
4
L
4.5x106 £ b £ 257x106
It
Lb
2 £ £ 30
S 49

4 2
de -9 L æ Lb ö
S
(
= 0.49 + 34.2 + 9.0x10 ) It
b
- 0.00059 ç ÷ ³ 1.0
èSø
where
de = effective slab depth
S = beam spacing
Lb = beam span
It = transformed moment of inertia of tee-beam
50
When to Evaluate Floor Vibrations

Ø Be aware of a change of use in building
o Health club/gym
o heavy reciprocating machinery
o Installation of sensitive equipment
Ø Source of vibration
o Walking, rhythmic activities, equipment, or
sources external to the building that transmit
vibration
51
CE539
CE 539- -Advanced
AdvancedSteel
SteelStructures
Structures
(Reference:Negin
A. Tauberg
Remediation
Ø Reduction of effects
o Eliminating vibration cues, altering
furniture/non-structural components
Ø Relocation of the vibration source
o Different floor level, near a column (vs. mid-
bay)
Ø Reducing mass if it would increase fn sufficiently
to avoid resonance
Ø Stiffening the structural system (increasing floor
fn ) or addition of damping elements
Ø … (AISC Design Guide 11, Section 7.2)
52
CE539
CE 539- -Advanced
AdvancedSteel
SteelStructures
Structures
(Reference:Negin
A. Tauberg
References / Examples
Ø Figure 4-3 Floor
evaluation calculation
procedure
Ø Section 4.4 Design
Examples
53
Break
Resume 8:00 pm
54

Example
Verify is this floor framing in an office without full-height
partitions satisfies vibration criterion for walking
excitation. Assume 11 psf live load 4 psf for weight of
mechanical equipment and ceiling.
W21x50
Assume 2 in. deck with 3.25 in. of
lightweight concrete (wc = 110 pcf)
Lb = 35’-0”
W18x35
W18x35
Total slab weight = 42 psf

do
do
f’c = 4,000 psi
3 @ 10’ = 30’-0”
55

Example
§ Beam mode properties
Effective slab width B = 120 in = 10 ft < 0.4Lb = 14 ft
Transformed moment of inertia using only concrete
above the deck
Ec = w 1.5 fc' = 1101.5 4.0 = 2 , 300 ksi

Es 29 , 000
n = modular ratio = = = 9.31
1.35Ec 1.35 ( 2 , 300 )
56

Example Centroid
As ( ddeck + d b / 2 ) - ( B / n )(tconc )(tconc / 2 )
y=
As + ( B / n )( tconc )
10.30 ( 2 + 17.7 / 2 ) - ( 120 / 9.31)( 3.25 )( 3.25 / 2 )
= Beam
10.30 + ( 120 / 9.31)( 3.25 ) transformed
= 0.837 in. below top of form deck moment of
inertia
B 3
tconc t
2
æ ö
( ) B
2
Ib = I x + As ddeck + d b / 2 - y + n + tconc ç y + conc ÷
12 n è 2 ø
= 510 + 10.30 ( 2 + 17.70 / 2 - 0.837 ) + ( 120 / 9.31) 3.25 3 / 12
+ ( 120 / 9.31) 3.25 ( 0.837 + 3.25 / 2 )
2
= 1833 in4
57

Example
§ For each beam, the uniform loading is
wb = 10(11 + 42 + 4 + 35/10) = 0.605 klf
§ The corresponding midpoint deflection is
5 ( 0.605 )( 35 x 12 )
4 4
5w L
Db = b b
= = 0.384 in
384E s Ib 384 ( 29000 ) 1833
§ The beam mode fundamental frequency is
g 386
fn = 0.18 = 0.18 = 5.71 Hz
Db 0.384
58

2”/2 + 3.25 =
Example 4.25”
§ Using an average concrete thickness of 4.25 in., the

transformed moment of inertia per unit width in the
slab direction is
12 ( 4.25 )
3 3
12d
Ds = = e
= 8.25 in4 / ft
12n 12 ( 9.31)
§ The transformed moment of inertia per unit width in the

beam direction (with S = 10 ft) is
Ij1833
Db = = = 183 in4 / ft
S 10
59
Design for Walking Excitation C = 2 for

most beam
Example conditions
§ Effective beam panel width with Cj = 2.0

0.25 0.25
æ Ds ö æ 8.25 ö
Bj = C j ç ÷ Lb = 2.0 ç ÷ 35 = 32.2 ft
è Db ø è 183 ø
which must be less than 2/3 the floor width.

This is a typical interior bay, the actual floor width is at
least 3 x girder span (3 x 30 = 90 ft).
Since 0.67(90) = 60, Bj = 32.2 ft. is appropriate
60
Design for Walking Excitation “Continuity” is

assumed for
Example most beams
§ The weight of the beam panel is adjusted by 1.5 to

account for continuity
wb 605
Wb = 1.5 Bb Lb = 1.5 ( 32.2 ) 35 = 102 kips
S 10
§ Girder modes properties: Effective slab width

0.4Lg = 0.4 (30) 12 = 144 in. < Lb = 35 (12) = 420 in.
61

Centroid
Example
§ Transformed moment of inertia with tavg.conc = 4.25 in.
As ( ddeck / 2 + d g / 2 ) - ( B / n ) (t avg .conc )(t avg .conc / 2 )
y=
As + ( B / n ) ( t avg .conc )
Girder
14.70 ( 1 + 20.83 / 2 ) - ( 144 / 9.31)( 4.25 )( 4.25 / 2 ) transformed
= moment of
14.70 + ( 144 / 9.31)( 4.25 ) inertia
= 0.349 in. below effective slab
B 3
t avg .conc æ t avg .conc ö
2
( ) B
2
Ig = I x + As ddeck / 2 + d g / 2 - y + n + t avg .conc ç y + ÷
12 n è 2 ø
= 984 + 14.70 ( 1 + 20.83 / 2 - 0.349 ) + (144 / 9.31) 4.25 3 / 12
+ ( 144 / 9.31) 4.25 ( 0.349 + 4.25 / 2 )
2
= 3 , 285 in4
62

Example
§ For each girder, the uniform loading is
wg = Lb(wb/S) + girder weight = 35( 605/10) + 50 = 2.17 klf
§ The corresponding midpoint deflection is
5 ( 2.17 )( 30 x 12 )
4 4
5w Lg g
Dg = = 3 , 285 = 0.415 in4
384E s Ig 384 ( 29 , 000 ) 1833
§ The girder mode fundamental frequency is
g 386
fg = 0.18 = 0.18 = 5.49 Hz
Dg 0.415
63

Example
§ Effective girder panel width with Cg = 1.8, Db = 183 in.,
and Dg = Ig/Lb = 3285/35 = 93.9 in4/ft
0.25
æ Db ö æ 183 ö
0.25
Bg = Cg ç ÷÷ Lg = 1.8 ç ÷ 30 = 63.8 ft
ç Dg è 93.9 ø
è ø
which must be less than 2/3 the floor width.
This is a typical interior bay, the actual floor width is at
least 3 x beam span (3 x 35 = 105 ft).
Since 0.67(105) = 70, Bg = 63.8 ft. is reasonable
64

Example
§ The weight of the girder panel is
wg 2168
Wg = Bg Lg = ( 63.8 ) 30 = 119 kips
Lb 35
§ The girder panel weight was not increased by 50%
since continuity effects usually are not realized when
girders frame directly into columns
65

Example
§ Combined mode properties: In this case, the girder
span (30 ft) is less than the beam panel width (32.2 ft)
and the girder deflection , Δg, is therefore reduced
Lg 30
D g = Dg =
'
0.415 = 0.387 in.
Bb 32.2
§ The floor fundamental frequency is
g 386
fn = 0.18 = 0.18 = 4.03 Hz
Db + Dg
'
0.384 + 0.387
66

Example
§ The weight of the combined panel is
Db D '
g
W= Wb + Wg
Db + Dg'
Db + Dg
'
0.384 0.387
= 102 + 119
0.384 + 0.387 0.384 + 0.387
= 111 kips
67

Example
§ For an office occupancy without full height partitions,
β = 0.01 + 0.02 = 0.03. Thus,
bW = 0.03 ( 111) = 3.33 kips
§ For an office occupancy with Po = 65 lbs, the
acceleration limit
ap Po exp ( -0.35fn ) 65 exp éë -0.35 ( 4.03 ) ùû
= =
g bW 3 , 330
ao
= 0.0048 = 0.48% £ = 0.5%
g
68

Example
§ Thus, the floor is marginally satisfactory: 0.48% ≤ 0.5%
§ Plotting fn = 4.03 and ap = 0.48% on the figure below
shows that the floor is marginally satisfactory
0.48%/g
4.03 Hz

Example
§ Check the minimum stiffness requirement:
Since the fundamental frequency of the floor is less than
9 Hz, the minimum stiffness requirements of 5.7 kips/in
does not apply.
70
Break
Resume 8:45 pm
71
RAM Structural System
Tutorial
72

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CE539

References on Course Website

This suggests that

Dynamic Response to Sinusoidal “One-Way Response of Beams and

Floors in this range

§ 30 for shopping malls and indoor footbridges

For a shopping mall, dining or

Points below this line are

Figure 2-1. Recommended Peak

Curve fit for

Natural Frequency of Steel Floor Systems

Natural Frequency of Steel Floor Systems

Natural Frequency of Steel Floor Systems

Natural Frequency of Steel Floor Systems

Natural Frequency of Steel Floor Systems

Natural Frequency of Steel Floor Systems

Natural Frequency of Steel Floor Systems

Natural Frequency of Steel Floor Systems

Natural Frequency of Steel Floor Systems

Natural Frequency of Steel Floor Systems

Natural Frequency of Steel Floor Systems

Natural Frequency of Steel Floor Systems

Modal flexural deflections, Δ, for

Note: other adjustments apply to

Design for Walking Excitation

Design for Walking Excitation

Design for Walking Excitation

Design for Walking Excitation

Design for Walking Excitation

Design for Walking Excitation

Design for Walking Excitation

Design for Walking Excitation

Design for Walking Excitation

Design for Walking Excitation

Design for Walking Excitation

§ Recommended values are approximately half of those

Design for Walking Excitation

Design for Walking Excitation

Design for Walking Excitation

When to Evaluate Floor Vibrations

Design for Walking Excitation

Total slab weight = 42 psf

f’c = 4,000 psi

Design for Walking Excitation

Ec = w 1.5 fc' = 1101.5 4.0 = 2 , 300 ksi

Design for Walking Excitation

Design for Walking Excitation

Design for Walking Excitation

§ Using an average concrete thickness of 4.25 in., the

§ The transformed moment of inertia per unit width in the

Design for Walking Excitation C = 2 for

§ Effective beam panel width with Cj = 2.0

which must be less than 2/3 the floor width.

Design for Walking Excitation “Continuity” is

§ The weight of the beam panel is adjusted by 1.5 to

§ Girder modes properties: Effective slab width

Design for Walking Excitation

Design for Walking Excitation

Design for Walking Excitation

Design for Walking Excitation

Design for Walking Excitation

Design for Walking Excitation

Design for Walking Excitation

Design for Walking Excitation