PHILOSOPHY REVIEWER Q1

LESSON 1: PARADIGM SHIFT

THE STORY OF THE BLIND MEN AND AN ELEPHANT

 One day six blind men agreed to analyze an elephant to find out what It was
 Reaching out, each touched it in a different spot
 One man touched an elephant’s ear, one leg, one side, one trunk, and one tusk

EAR - Fan

LEG - Tree

TAIL - Rope

SIDE - Wall

TUSK - Spear

TRUNK - Snake

HOLISTIC PARTIAL POINT OF VIEW

1. Science and Philosophy

2. Gabriel’s Marcel’s Primary reflection and Secondary reflection

3. Plato’s allegory of cave

SCIENCE AND PHILOSOPHY

PHILOSOPHY SCIENCE

Philosophy is the one that can see the Science emphasizes only on a particular
holistic perspective of life aspect of reality

Philosophy is reflective Science is investigative

What lies behind the appearance The world of appearance

More knowledge you get, but more You get more knowledgefrom generation
understanding to generation

GABRIELMARCEL’S PRIMARY REFLECTION AND SECONDARY REFLECTION

 PRIMARY REFLECTION sees a person not according to their being but as

something associated with predicates
 SECONDARY REFLECTION looks on a man not only through his predicates, but
also on his whole being, the totality of his being a person

PLATO’S ALLEGORY OF THE CAVE

 They think that shadows are the reality, but not. It is only a mistaken reality
 Freedom occurs when we are able to see the truth, not the mere appearances of
objects
Lesson 2: HUMAN ACTIVITIES AND PHILOSOPHY

ETYMOLOGICAL DEFINITION OF PHILOSOPHY

Philosophy comes from greek word and coined by Pythagoras:

PHILO/PHILIA – Love, affection, and friendship

SOPHIA – Wisdom

Thus, philosophy means Love for Wisdom

THE WHAT OF PHILOSOPHY

HISTORICAL DEFINITION OF PHILOSOPHY

1. While Pythagoras inside the amphitheater, he noticed the different group
of people

“Lovers of gain/pleasure”
“Lovers of fame”
“Lovers of spectacle”

2. However, there were also who live with one purpose in mind: to
understand and reflect what is life is all about- the Love of Wisdom

THE HOW OF PHILOSOPHY

1. Philosophy is not just a textbook knowledge.

2. A lover of wisdom is one who has desire for knowledge and truth, and
using and applying that knowledge for his human development and for the
development of mankind.
STARTING POINT OF PHILOSOPHY

1. Wonder or Awe – to reflect from human activities Ex. Question of a child

2. Act of Questioning – recognizing and being aware of our activities that lead us
to deliberate reflection

DIFFERENT PERIODS OF PHILOSOPHY

1. Ancient Classical Philosophy – cosmocentric

2. Medieval Philosophy – Theocentric
3. Modern Philosophy – Scientific and rationalistic
4. Contemporary Philosophy – Anthropocentric

PHILOSOPHICAL QUESTIONS

Metaphysics – reality

 Does the external world truly exist?

 What is the essence of nature?
 Is it possible to go beyond phenomena

Epistemology – knowledge

 How is the process of knowing?

 What can we know

Ethics – morally right or wrong

 What actions are considered immoral?

Aesthetics – beautiful

 What is beautifu?

“What worries you, masters you”

- John Locke