Exploring Prehistoric Art Around the World

ART APPRECIATION ART HISTORY
UNIT 4
Taking a Glimpse of Art History
Introduction
Art shows the beauty of the past as history tells us the story of earlier times.
Learning about prehistoric art is like travelling thousands of years back and give s
us opportunities to learn how art was utilized by our ancestors, how they valued it
and how this depicted their daily lives.
In this module we will journey back to visit the cave paintings of prehistoric
people during Stone Age. We will appreciate the beautiful ornaments they carved
with their hands using limited hand tools and see how these things were
intertwined with their daily activities. The module will familiarize you with the
monumental and architectural structures erected in Southern England, Egypt,
China and other parts of the world. We will explore the beautiful artworks also
found in our own country.
More will be unpacked as you go along this module so pack your curiosity and
inquisitiveness as we travel along. Bring your artistic sense and knowledge of
history. These will all be your travel guides in our journey to appreciate arts
thought the history.
Unit Learning Outcomes:

1. Be familiar the different artworks from the different parts of the world.
2. Differentiate the characteristics of the different artworks from Asia,
Philippines and the Western countries.
3. Show appreciation of the different artworks through different activities.
Wendy Joy M. Garma

Cagayan State University – Gonzaga Campus
Topic 1: Prehistoric Art

Time Allotment: 3 hours
Learning Objectives:
At the end of the module, you will be able to:
a. Distinguish salient characteristics of artworks produced by pre-historic
people from different countries;
b. Create a collage capturing the way of life of the pre-historic people; and
c. Demonstrate your appreciation of the different pre-historic artworks
through differentiated activities.
Activating Prior Learning

I. Have a closer look at the artworks. Give their names and indicate where you
can find them. Pick out your answer in the box provided below. Write your
answer on the blanks provided.
Name:_________ Name:____________
Place:_________ Place:____________
Name: Name:____________
__________
Place:____________
Place:
__________
Name:_________ Name:____________
Place:_________ Place:____________
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Artworks Place
Taj Mahal, Manunggul Jar, Hanging Garden , China, India, Philippines, Greece, Italy,
Ziggurat, Pyramid, Colosseum, Sphinx, Great France, Rome, Egypt, Mesopotamia,
Wall Japan, Vietnam
This time, let’s see if you have a rich background as regards appreciating these
great artworks in the world.
Try to assess you performance based on the given scores and their descriptive
value.
22 - Excellent
17-21 - Good
8-16 - Fair
0-7 - Poor
Congratulations! You did a great job.
Presentation of Content
Instruction: Read the text and try to answer the following guide questions. Get
ready for sharing your answers to the class.
1. What artworks are found in the different places in the word?
2. What are the main characteristics of these artworks?
3. Which of these places would you like to visit? Why?
Prehistoric Arts from the Different Parts of the World

The prehistoric period covers the three periods of Stone Age (roughly from
14,000-2,000 BCE) which include Paleolithic (Old Stone Age), Mesolithic
(Middle Stone Age) and the Neolithic (New Stone Age).
Archeological artifacts reveal magnificent artworks found in caves such as the
Hall of Bulls in Lascaux, France during Paleolithic Period. Contours of animal’s
body can be seen in the drawings evoking naturalism. Some say that these kinds
of caves also found in other parts of the world served as a kind of sanctuary where
religious rituals are performed. (Caslib,Jr. 2018).
Development in the civilizations are also seen in the Stonehenge located in
Southern England which until now is a mystery. Its purpose is yet unknown.
Wendy Joy M. Garma

Chinese Art. Prehistoric art in China emerged during the period 7500BCE to
2000BCE characterized by a more settled lifestyle based on farming, rearing of
domesticated animals which led them to create crafts such as pottery and
weaving. Though arts for them is functional artists were able to focus on
ornamentation and decoration as well. Jewelry, carvings, sculptures in wood and
stone. Other forms evolved in China which capture the richness of the Chinese
culture. (www.visual –arts-cork.com)
Egypt Art. Egyptian prehistoric art can be described as
spiritual and religious. Tombs were erected for the
pharaohs which shelter them as they journey to the afterlife.
They decorated the tombs with the things they use in daily
life. Pharaohs are also given absolute authority and revered
as a deity. The pyramids were constructed by workers who
painstakingly moved huge stones and materials ensuring
the excellent quality of the outside and inside of it. The
palette of King Namer is larger than the others and some
figures such as lion-like figures with intertwined necks,
denoting authority and power of the king. (Caslib,Jr. 2018)
Philippine Art. The Philippines is known for its Manunggul jar, a burial jar,
found in Palawan in the New Stone Age dated 895-775 BC. It represents the
artistry and understanding of early Filipinos about their belief in the journey that a
soul travels in the so called life after death or “kabilang buhay”. The jar’s lid is
designed with two human figures representing two two souls on a vogaye to the
afterlife. (www.nationalmuseum.gov.ph.)
The oldest known works of art form from Philippines prehistory are the Angono
petroglyphs. The Angono petrogylphs are located on the island of Luzon in Rizal
province. A petroglyph is an engraving in a rock face. It can be found all over the
world and represents the work of prehistoric peoples. A petroglyph is different
form a petrograph. Petrographs are drawing or painting on a rock face. Some
petroglyphs are thought to be a form of communication. They may be maps or
even an early form of writing. Petroglyphs may also have an important cultural
and religious significance to early cultures.(http:www.alearningfamily.com/main/angono-
petroglyphs-prehistoric-philippine-art)
Greek Art. Prehistoric Greek paintings bear motif of sea and nature during the
pre-Greek period. In the next
period Egyptian influence can
be seen. Human characters are
expression of divine system.
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The Parthenon, 447-432 BC, Athens
Prehistoric sculptures were figures of nude male statues in Daedalic Period. In

Classical age came sculptures of gods and goddesses. The human body became
the emphaisis of art during this period. Moving to later Greek period showed
figures of human with minimal clothing. In architecture, Ancient Greek temples
consist of three architectural orders called the Corinthian, Ionic and Doric Orders
(Ariola, M.M., 2014).
Parthenon in Athens reflects the Doric order. It ranks among the masterpieces of
world architecture. It has monumental entrances or propylae. It is best represented
by the famous gateway to the Athenian acropolis.
Roman Art. Greek and Etruscan influences were evident in Roman art.
The Roman important contribution to the development of
architecture are: its structural engineering particularly in
developing concrete reinforced by embedded brick arches
and powerful materials for creating new vaults. These were
the flexible groined vault and the dome, and the (2)
engineering design in planning cities in orderly blocks and
in creating the balanced layout of the great civic centers
called forums.(The Development of Western Thought,
Reading in Art…Vol. I 1976, pp.93-94) http://www.colosseum.net/listingview.php?
listingID=1
Application
I. Identify at least two major artworks contributed by each of the countries.
Countries Artworks How does the artwork describe the
culture of the country?
Philippines
China
Greece
Rome
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Egypt
II. Read and analyze the given statements, then identify whether it is true or false.
Give explanation to support your answer.
Statement Answer Short Explanation
1. In pre-historic times,
artworks reflected the
beliefs of humans about
life and fertility.
2. Asian art is essentially
religious in nature.
3. The impact of contacts

with peoples of mainland
Asia and the middle East
resulted in new ideas in
art among the Filipinos.
4. Different places in the
world were known to
their famous art creations
such that China is noted
for its pottery, while
India is famous for its Taj
Mahal and Pantheon is to
Greek; Parthenon is to
Rome.
5. The art works found in
burial sites reveal the
traditional practice
“pabaon” among people
on Southeast Asia.
II. Group Activity. Form a group with five members. Create a collage capturing
the salient characteristics of the artworks of one country that the group will select.
Outputs will be graded using the given rubrics below.
5 points 3 points 1 point

Creativity Very creative Creative but Minimal qualities
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lacking some of creativity is

component observed
Content/Message Shared much Content is enough Content is limited
information and to convey message and the message is
the message is quite vague
very clear
Originality Qualities of work Some techniques Techniques used
stand out from the or content can be in presentation
rest seen from other and content are
works similar to others
Resourcefulness Used materials Materials and time Materials and time
and time in a very are spent just right are spent poorly
resourceful
manner
III. Diad. Find a partner from your class and do a survey of artworks in your
surroundings by list down some of the prehistoric artworks that are still be
existing in your community. If none, what are these artworks which are somewhat
similar to the prehistoric artworks? Write your answers in a paper.
Prehistoric Artworks Similar artworks existing Qualities that are similar
today to both artworks
Feedback
I. Read and identify what is being asked in the given statement.
____________1. It is known as period of prehistoric human culture, during which

work was done with stone tools.
____________2. It is considered as the oldest form of art in China.
____________3. It is the art of writing beautifully, generally in freehand, with
pen or brush on paper or any similar material.
____________4. It is the most simple abstraction of the serpent and this is the
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most commonly used figure in Maranaw art.

____________5. This period shows that development of glass technology and art
of weaving in the Philippines as the Filipinos strove for better
control over their environment.
____________6. This combines the body of a lion with the head of the Pharoah
Khafre and the largest surviving colossus and a majestic
symbol of royal power.
____________7. It is an impressionic structure, rectangular and with enclosed
elaborately engineered interior.
____________8. . It was called the largest amphitheater in the Roman world.
____________9. It is the tallest and most slender of the three architectural orders;
it has a capital featuring curling acanthus leaves, and it has
base.
____________10. This early form of art communicate something about life
during the New Stone Age. It is thought to be a form of
communication.
Topic 2: Appreciating the Philippine Indigenous Art

Time Allotment: 3 hours
At the end of this topic, you will be able to:
1. Be familiarized with the different indigenous art forms, materials
and sources from in the country;
2. Create written outputs highlighting the characteristics and uses of
the indigenous artworks from the locality; and
3. Show appreciation of the indigenous art of the Filipinos by
creating using the designs or motifs of the Filipino indigenous art.

Write a one-liner statement about various indigenous arts that can be
found in your locality or province. Statement can be about basketry, wood
carving, jewelry making, pottery, weaving, mat-making and others. Write as
much statement as you can in three minutes. Share your ideas to the class.
Wendy Joy M. Garma

Read the passage and try to answer the following questions for the discussion.
1. What are the indigenous arts that are still practiced in your locality
today?
2. What are the uses of these indigenous arts for the community today?
Philippine Indigenous Art, Uncovered

As Filipinos, how well do we know about our indigenous art? Do we still see
traces of our indigenous designs and motifs in our contemporary arts?
The Philippine’s unique topography and diverse cultural environment with the
distribution of mixed and indigenous groups resulted to cultural heterogeneity.
The climate (wet or dry), location (sitio, barrio, or poblacion, cities), topography
(mountains, plains, riverbanks, coast) religion of various beliefs and sects, and
membership to cultural groups from all over the country, all of these have
influences in the material culture that are produced including art. Philippine
material culture is consist of wide array of utilitarian and ceremonial objects (Dela
Cruz, M.J. (1988). Many forms combine aesthetic concerns with utilitarian
purposes (Baesa-Pagay, et.al.,2003) including pottery, basketry, mat-making,
jewelry, metal works, textile weaving and carving. These are the indigenous art of
the Filipinos which are surviving up to this time.
Indigenous art are created by the people in the community which often uses
materials found in the locality. These are art forms are still created in the
community and has survived as industries for the locals.
In the succeeding part of this module, let us rediscover the Philippine indigenous
arts that are still surviving today and try to see where these can fit in our daily
lives as Filipinos living in the contemporary world.
Pottery
Pottery is one of the oldest arts which combine design and function
(Guillermo, A. 1989). The Manunggul Jar, a burial jar, excavated in Palawan is
an artwork having its design of two men rowing a boat expressing the beliefs of
Filipinos that spirits of the dead travel to the afterlife also expressed in the
Filipino expression “sumakabilang buhay”. More of these burial jars were also
excavated in Cagayan Valley and other parts of the country.
Wendy Joy M. Garma
Source: https://www.slideshare.net/danshiernans/art-of-luzon-highlands?next_slideshow=1
Basketry and Mat-making
Basketry is known to be older that pottery

tradition but because it is highly perishable most of
artifacts cannot be found in museum displays. With
the abundance of materials such as bamboo, rattan,
pandanus, nito and other materials in the country this
is done in almost all parts of the country. Mats are
used to sleep on or to wrap the deads. While baskets
of different shapes and sizes are used for activities in
the household and in the economic activities of the
Filipinos. This artform has survived even today and
designs, colors and uses vary from one place to
another.
Source: https://www.slideshare.net/danshiernans/art-of-
luzon-highlands?next_slideshow=1
Carving
The carving tradition in wood and metal has existed a long time ago when
our ancestors learned to use small hand tools to engrave and carve details in wood
and metal. The earliest pieces of materials with carvings are found in on the boat-
shaped coffins in Palawan. Later, carvings were found in gold, wood, and ivory in
the highlands and lowlands of Luzon and Mindanao. Even boats used by our
ancestors were decorated with intricate carvings. Carvings has utilitarian,
Wendy Joy M. Garma
ornamental and even ritualistic functions in the Philippine society. This tradition
is still existing today and are used to display the skills and love for work of
Filipino carvers.
Source: https://i0.wp.com/wanderingbakya.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/retablo.jpg
Weaving
Textile weaving is one of the
indigenous art that Filipinos have
grown up with. Different indigenous
https://ph.asiatatler.com/life/weaving-the-threads-of-
group all over the country produce
filipino-heritage
their piece of textile embellished with

Jewelry
intricate geometric design, symbols
and color.It is anTapis,
indigenous
malong,art made
abel onlyare
for
some pieces of textile which showsit
adornment. In the Filipino culture
also
that reveals
this the status of the
indigenous art is still
surviving. Colorful, vibrant and varied
designs show how refined and skilled
Source:
are the Filipinos.
https://ph.asiatatler.com/life/weaving-the-threads-of-
filipino-heritage
Jewelry
It is an indigenous art made only for adornment. In the Filipino culture it
also reveals the status of the wearer in the community. Datu and his family wear
various jewelry with intricate design made of beads and even precious metals that
symbolizes their high stature in the community. Even warriors and women
members of the community create their own jewelries for adornment which
actually symbolizes their activities and accomplishments in the community.
Wendy Joy M. Garma
Hunters and warriors may use beads, animal bones, wood and metal for making
their jewelries.
Source:http://www.ethnicgroupsphilippines.com Source:https://theculturetrip.com/asia/philippines/
/people/ethnic-groups-in-the- articles/a-guide-to-the-indigenous-tribes-of-the-
philippines/bagobo/ philippines/
Application
I. Did You Know?

Let us have a glimpse of what other knowledge can we learn about
Philippine indigenous art through this short activity. Have you known the
following facts about the various indigenous art in the Philippines? Put a check (/)
on the items that you already know and a cross (x) on the items that you don’t
know yet.
Did you know that…
_____1. pottery is one of the oldest form of arts that indigenous people have in
the country.
_____2. the art of carving known as ukkil by the Tausug, okir by the Maranao and
ukil by the Badjao can be found in their weapons and other belongings.
_____3. pottery has two uses: for the household and for funeral.
_____4. there are group of people like the Tausug who do not use human
representation in their artforms but show geometric patterns and vivid
color.
_____5. Sarimanok is one of the art symbol that Filipinos in South produce that
shows the uniqueness of their culture.
_____6. abel, malong and tapis and are some pieces of textile which shows that
this indigenous art is still surviving
_____7. the Cordillera’s bul’ul is a product of their carving skills that is used in
rituals and symbolizes their beliefs.
_____8. various Filipino indigenous art forms has basically two functions, can be
funerary and for the household.
Wendy Joy M. Garma
_____9. indigenous backpacks are made of indigenous materials such as the

pasiking of the Ilocanos and bango of the Ifugaos.
_____10. wood and metal carving can be found in weapons, jars for burial, and
other materials used in the household.
Try to assess your knowledge. Based on your score, check the level of your
knowledge using the following scoring guide.
SCORE DESCRIPTION
9-10 You have a wide knowledge about the topic. You can still add
more to what you already know
7-8 You are moderately knowledgeable about the topic, you can
still learn more.
5-6 You have knowledge about the topic but a lot of learning may
increase your knowledge.
Below 5 It seems that you have very little knowledge on the topic but
you’ll enjoy learning more as we go along.
II. Let’s Play Art Bingo.

Fill in the Bingo Card with the motifs or designs that you can find from
the materials or artworks of different indigenous groups. You can find these
designs in their textile, jewelries, engraved in metals or carved on materials made
of wood. You may research from the internet. Write the name of indigenous
group below the drawing.
LUZON VISAYAS MINDANAO
Good job! Check on your score using the following point system.
20 points – if 9 boxes are filled up correctly 10 points – if 4 boxes are filled up
correctly
18 points – if 8 boxes are filled up correctly 8 points – if 3 boxes are filled up
correctly
16 points – if 7 boxes are filled up correctly 6 points – if 2 boxes are filled up correctly
Wendy Joy M. Garma
14 points – if 6 boxes are filled up correctly 4 points – if 1 box is filled up correctly

12 points – if 5 boxes are filled up correctly
III. Indigenous Art Appreciation

Choose one of the following samples of indigenous art and try to analyze the
artwork by answering the following questions. Write your answers in a paper and
be ready to share your ideas to the class.
Questions for Analysis
1. Based on the design that you see from the artwork, what story is it trying to tell
about the indigenous group that it represents?
2. What do you like about the artwork? Why?
3. What characteristics of the artwork describe the indigenous group who created it?
Manunggul Jar excavated in Palawan

Source: ncca.gov.ph.
Bul’ ul from the Cordilleras Cagayan de Oro textile displayed in an exhibit

Source: ncca.gov.ph. Source: ncca.gov.ph.
Feedback
I. Debate (Fish Bowl)
Wendy Joy M. Garma

The class will be divided into two big groups according to their opinion regarding
the issue “Which should we promote today, our indigenous art or contemporary
art which are heavily influenced by Western design?”
Those who choose indigenous art shall stay on one side of the room and the other
group who chose contemporary art stay on the other side. Each of the team shall
choose four speakers for every group. They will compose the discussion group
and will be seated in front. They will be given time to have a conversation to
share their opinions regarding the topic. Each one shall be given opportunity to
talk and give reasons for their opinion.
The rest of the students will have to listen to the group’s discussion. After all the
participants in the fish bowl have raised their opinions, the listeners will be given
their turn to give their opinion or ideas on what they have heard from the
discussion. They could agree, disagree or add information to what was being
discussed. This way the discussion is enriched and every member of the class is
given a chance to talk.
II. Post Test
Instruction: Write the letter of the correct answer to the following questions.
____1. Bul’ul is a carved figure from the __________ that symbolizes the ancient
Gods looking after the bountiful harvest.
A. Cordilleras C. Visayas peninsula
B. Cagayan mountains D. Mindanao
_____2. Using materials from the earth such as sticky clays _________ as an
indigenous art is known in the entire Philippines with their unique designs
and numerous uses.
A. carving B. pottery C. painting D. weaving
_____3. Which of the following art forms do not include products of weaving?
A. abel from Ilocos C. barong made of pinya fabric
B. tapis of Visayas D. okir of the Maranaos
_____4. The people of Quezon are very skilled in making hats, fans, and mats
which are products of basketry and mat-making also popular in other parts
of the country. Which of the following are indigenous materials
commonly used for this art?
A. bamboo and rattan C. twigs and vines
B. buri and pandan D. plastic strips and textile
_____5. The Manunggul jar excavated in __________ tells us the belief of
Filipinos that spirits of the travel from the world of mortals to the world
of spirits or what we usually say “sa kabilang buhay”.
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A. Cagayan B. Mindoro C. Palawan D. Sulu

_____6. Kalis or kris is a _________ from Mindanao which is a product of
skilled metal carving bearing intricate design.
A. eating utensil B. weapon C. vessel D. boat
_____7. Paete in ________ is one of the many places in the Philippines where
wood carving tradition has flourished throughout the years and is the seat
of carving capital in the country.
A. Batangas B. Bicol C. Laguna D. Mindoro
_____8. What are the most common design that are embellished in the
indigenous textile in the country weaved by Filipinos?
A. human figure C. geometric design
B. animal figures D. fancy designs
_____9. Indigenous people use ___________ usually made of beads and metals
not just for adornment which also reveals the status of the wearer.
A. clothing B. jewelry C. tapis D. weapons
_____10. One of the oldest form of arts of the indigenous Filipino people is
____________which are used for household and some types for burial.
A. basketry B. pottery C. weaving D. wood carving
III. Appreciation
Create a pattern or design inspired by our indigenous arts that can be used
as decorative of any material such as Shirt design, textile, ID lace, furniture or
others. Sketch the product bearing the design. Write a short description of the
inspiration of the design.
Rubrics
Use of indigenous design – 5 points
Artistry and creativity – 5 points
Color and texture – 5 points
Innovativeness – 5 points
Overall appeal – 5 points
25 points
Wendy Joy M. Garma

Topic 3: Western Art: Its Influence to the Philippine Art
At the end of the module, you will be able to:
a. Identify the characteristics and various influences of western art to
the Philippine arts;
b. Compare the styles, design, and other features of the characteristics
of arts evolved in the different periods; and
c. Analyze the western and indigenous influences to the Philippine
architecture.
Form groups of five. Within two minutes list down two examples of art pieces,
architecture or other art forms which you believe are influenced by western art.
Prepare a short explanation for the sharing. Each group will be given one minute
to share their answers.
Read the passage and try to answer the following questions for the discussion.
1. What are the basic characteristics of Western art which evolved in the in
the different period?
2. What Philippine architecture are influenced by Western art?
Western Art and its Influence to Philippine Architecture

In the latter part of the 19th century, it can be observed that the Philippine art is
westernized with the exposure to European liberal and secular ideas where artistic
creations became highly specialistic, separate from everyday life amd focused on
the assertion of individual ego and driven by commercial success (De Leon Jr., F.
M., 2015). This is brought by the access of Filipinos to western art works and
ideas through education and trade during the Spanish colonization. Through time
Filipinos are exposed to Western art as technological advancement continues and
communication technology reduced the boundary between cultures in the global
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community. Filipinos could easily have access of various art forms through the
internet and increasing human mobility.
Western art influence could be seen in many art forms in the Philippines. They
can be seen in paintings, sculpture, installations and architecture. It is notable to
see the Western influence in the Philippine architecture especially in the churches
and buildings that were erected where western influence fused with the
indigenous Filipino designs. In the succeeding part of this module discover the
intricacies of Western art in the different time of history and be astonished on how
it blended in Philippine art.
Greek
The Greek art development evolved during the four periods namely: Geometric,
Archaic, Classical and Hellenistic. Artworks in Geometric period used geometric
shapes and patterns while human figures are given importance in the Archaic
Period. The Classical Period marks the peak of Greek sculpture and architecture
when the Greeks had the interest on rebuilding their temples and focused on the
creation of artworks. Hellenistic Period during the time of Alexander the Great
focused on showcasing emotions in the different artworks and depict reality.
Artworks show balance and pose varied emotions evoked by subjects of the
artworks. Greek art shows artistic perfection. The golden age of Greek art
emerged in 5th century shown in paintings on vases. In sculpture, the proportion of
figures shows balance which became the canon for years. Indeed this intricacies
of Greek art made it popular up to this time.
The Greeks significant contribution to architecture are the three famous columns
from the Doric, Ionic and Corinthian Orders. Each order has its unique design and
which is popularly used in many architectural buildings until now.
Source: smarthistory.org
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These characteristics can be seen in the sculpture of showing vividly the figure of
the supreme god in Greek mythology in the Statue of Zeus. The Temple of Zeus is
lifted by massive and intricate columns that mirrors the strength of the Greek god.
In the Philippines, this Greek design is adapted in a mausoleum built in Manila
Memorial Park built with strong pillars and styled with intricacies.
Statue of Zeus
https://www.crystalinks.com/statuezeus Temple of Zeus https://www.crystalinks.com/greekarchitecture.html
olympia.html
Mausoleum owned by Po Family in Manila Memorial Park

Source: newsinfo.inquirer.net
Roman
The Roman art especially in sculpture has influences from the Greek which has
humanistic basis. Roman art though, produced realistic portraits showing the
specific and individual. In architecture, huge domes reflected in the Partheon
were used in Christian churches. The Romans modified Greek columns design
and contributed new design known as Tuscan, Roman Doric and Composite
which are used to build great architecture still known today.
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Source:www.google.com.ph
In the Philippines, the Immaculate Conception Cathedral erected in Cubao,

Quezon City displays the Roman architectural influence displaying Roman
designs in the building and having the detailed design in its interior.
Immaculate Conception Cathedral Cubao, Quezon City

Christian
https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/publicaffairs/gma7specials/463230/14-
churches-in-metro-manila-for-your-visita-iglesia/story/
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Christian Art emerged oriented to represent intangible spirituality and developed

into stylized abstractions which are characteristics of Byzantine Art. Christian
architecture flourished adorned by sculptures in the Romanesque and Gothic eras.
The designs of churches are elaborately decorated and biblical subjects and
theological ideas are represented.
Source: nationalmuseum.gov.ph.
Gothic
Gothic architecture style values height, sizable
windows and exaggerated arches. Advanced
engineering allowed for increasingly collosal buildings
with vaults, buttresses and pointed tops. Gothic revival
can be seen today having Gothic spires and lancet
arches in the exterior of buildings and pointed arches
are in place. Long lancet windows are installed as well
as high steel columns found in Basilica Minore de San
Sebastian.
Basilica e Minore de San Sebastian

Source:https://100percentarchistudent.wordpress.com/2013/01/05/got
hic-revival-in-the-philippines-basilica-minore-de-san-sebastian/
Byzantine
Byzantine architecture (4th -15th century) basically focuses in interior rather than
the exterior. Churches are characterized by impressive dome ceiling, are eclectic
and irregular and uses vaults and round arches. Byzantine masonry uses bricks for
the entire wall. Interior décor uses fresco, mosaics and engraved marbles on the
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walls and ceilings. The best example of this is the

Hagia Sophia in Istanbul, Turkey.
Above: Decorations in the

interior of Hagia Sophia in
Istanbul, Turkey
Left: The Pantokrator church in
Istanbul, Turkey
Source:https://www.academia.edu/7172
148/Byzantine_Architecture_324-
1453_A
Renaissance
The Renaissance period showed the development of naturalism and individualism
as recognized in the various sculptures produced during that time. There is a
strong interest in perfecting the anatomical interest and correctness of structure.
Paintings bear clear details that affects its viewers. Papal commissions in Rome
made way for the artistry of great artists Michaelangelo, Raphael and Da Vinci.
Wendy Joy M. Garma

UST Main Building – Renaissance Revival by Fr. Roque Ruano

https://www.spot.ph/arts-culture/64909/10-beautiful-historic-buildings-in-manila
Baroque
The Baroque age in the 17 th
Century opened up to diverse
styles of arts seen in large-scale
mural and ceiling paintings.
Characterized by subtle, intimate
and revealing works in painting
and sketches are very evident.
Royal commissions gave birth to
various artworks
St. Thomas for the
of Villanueva king
Parich andin Miagao, Iloilo
Church
Source: Study.com
queen. Baroque architecture
were characterized by dramatic
buildings still holding its antique forms but were modified. Sculpture during this
time evolved into dramatic, intense and even has theatrical characteristics. The
fortified building, bell towers constructed for
protection, unique style.
Symmetry with plan layout consisted of Latin cross,
austere exteriors, ornaments concentrated in the
interior with moldings, paintings and sculptures, altars
and columns is another characteristic of Byzantine
architecture. The interior of San Agustin Church shows
detailed design influenced by Byzantine architecture.
Neoclassicism San Agustin Church

Source:thousandwonders.net
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Neoclassicism is a movement in Europe in late 18 th century to early 19th century.

This is a reaction opposed to Baroque Period or Rococo style giving emphasis on
elegance and sophistication which gives importance to symmetry and basic
classical geometrical style. It does not emphasize on sculptural volume and
decorations are minimal. Domes and towers are replaced with flat roofing for
buildings. In the Philippines this style is adapted during the American era in the
construction of government buildings.
The National Museum (left) and

Manila City Hall (below)
ttps://100percentarchistudent.wordpress.com/2013/0
1/27/exploring-neo-classical-architecture-in-manila-
philippines/
Application
Wendy Joy M. Garma
I. I Knew It…
Choose three Western art influences notable to you based on the discussion
above. List down as much information you from the discussion. Enrich what you
have learned by doing a quick search for additional information that may help you
understand more about the characteristics of the different Western art by filling
out the diagram below.
1. ____ 2. ____
3. ___
_
II. Art Appreciation Activity

Choose one of the pictures from the discussion part. Give your analysis and show
your appreciation of your chosen art form or artwork by answering the following
questions. Present or share your responses to the class.
1. What are the characteristics of the art form or artwork that captured your
interest? Explain why?
Wendy Joy M. Garma

2. What are the characteristics of the art form or artwork do you believe are
of Western influence? Give support to your answer.
3. What are the characteristics of the art form or artwork do you believe are
inspired by indigenous art or culture? Support your answer.
4. What is your opinion regarding the fusion or blending of the Western and
indigenous art in the chosen art form or artwork?
III. Let’s try this.

Identify what are the western influence and indigenous inspiration in the design of
the architecture below. Write your description about the architecture showcasing
what is indigenous and the western influences and what you think is the fusion of
both. Write short answers in the Venn diagram. Share your output to the class.
www.csu.edu.ph
Indigenous Western
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II. Post Test
A. True or False
Instruction: Write if the statement is True or False on the space provided.
_____1. The development of Greek art evolved in three periods which
showcases artistic styles from geometric shape patterns and human
figures.
_____2. It is observed that in the earlier part of the 19th century Philippine art
creations focused mainly on describing the daily life activities of
Filipinos.
_____3. The Romans produced realistic portrayal of individuals which can be
seen in their sculptures.
_____4. The Christian art basically represent spirituality and faith through
elaborate decors of churches using biblical subjects for ornamentation.
_____5. In the Philippines, paintings and churches are adorned with symbolic
figures of saints, cherubs, angels and the Sarimanok which are often
found in the altars.
_____6. Tall windows and columns with the presence of exaggerated arches are
the basic characteristics of Gothic architecture.
_____7. The Byzantine period gives emphasis on the interior of structures which
are somewhat eclectic and irregular.
_____8. The artistry of the great artists Michaelangelo, Raphael and Van Goh
contributed to the creation of great artistic works during the Renaissance.
_____9. Impressive dome ceilings and intricate décor in the interior of churches
or architecture are characteristics of Byzantine architecture.
_____10. The grandeur of the Roman arts is opposed in Neoclassicism which
brought back the use of on basic geometric style and focused on
symmetry.
B. Essay.
Instruction. Choose one of the questions and write two paragraphs for your
response. Give your opinion and support to your answer. (15 points)
1. What do you perceive as the effect of Western influence to the Philippine
art today?
2. Which period of the Western art history do you find most common in your
locality? What are the examples and where can you find them?
3. As a Filipino, how are you going to utilize the western influences in the
arts without forgetting to give importance to our indigenous art?
Wendy Joy M. Garma

Rubrics for the Essay

5 points 3 points 1 point
Content Shared Content is Content is limited
information more enough to and is quite vague
than what is respond to
expected question
Supporting ideas Enumerated at Enumerated one Supporting
least two supporting information is
supporting information present but does
information not suffice to
support the
answer
Organization of Explanation is Some ideas are Ideas are
ideas made clear and are not well expressed but not
ideas are organized well organized
organized well
Summary of the Unit
To appreciate arts it was helpful to understand how arts evolved by learning about
the prehistoric arts of the different countries. Every country has their own
character and beauty to show the present generation through their art. These
enriches ones interest in the arts and value them as part of great human
contribution.
In this module we also had a glimpse of the treasury of Filipino indigenous art
that has existed through time. Our indigenous arts have evolved and kept the
qualities of Filipino creativity and mirror our rich culture. Indigenous groups have
distinct cultures which are reflected in their indigenous art. Through time they
have continued to create and improve these indigenous arts to adapt with the
growing needs of the members of the group. On the other hand, we recognize the
Western influences to the arts and also appreciate how these blend well with what
is indigenous.
Learning and appreciating art surely remind us of who we were, who we are today
and will lead us to where can these treasures will mark the Philippine art in the
contemporary world and in the global community.
.
Wendy Joy M. Garma

Reflection
Post It…
Go around your community and write a short article about the one form of
indigenous art that you can still find and are created by the people of the
community. Take a photos of the artwork and if possible, the artist or artisan who
created it. Include caption for the photos. The article should describe, promote
and encourage people to patronize the indigenous art. Post the article in your
Facebook Account or create a class Facebook Page where everyone in the class
could post their outputs in the Art Appreciation class.
References
Ariola, Mariano M. Introduction to Art Appreciation. Quezon City: C & E
Publishing, Inc.
Baesa-Pagay, Jenalyn S. et al. (2003). The Aesthetic Experience:An
Introduction to Humanities. Makati City: Grandwater Publications.
Dela Cruz, Mercedita J. (1982). Sourcebook of Philippine Traditional Arts
Motifs and Crafts Processes. UNESCO.
Tabotabo, Claudio V., Ronald M. Corpuz, & RyanF. Hidalgo. ( ) Introduction
to the Humanities and the basics of Art Appreciation. Intramuros,
Manila: Purely Books Trading & Publishing Corp.
Caslib Jr., Bernardo N. et al. (2018) Art Appreciation. Manila: Rex Book Store,
Baldwin, Roger and Roskill, Mark. (1997). Grolier Encyclopedia.
De Leon, Felipe M., Jr. In Focus: Philippine Arts in Context. 2011, July 29.
https://ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/in-focus/philippine-arts-in-
context/) Retrieved 2018 June 19.
http://masterpieces.asemus.museum/masterpiece/detail.nhn?
objectId=11070(Retrieved on Oct. 18, 2018)
http://www.alearningfamily.com/main/angono-petroglyphs-prehistoric-philippine-
art/(Oct. 18,2018
www.nationalmuseum.gov.ph.
Wendy Joy M. Garma
www.visual –arts-cork.com
https://mythicalroutes.com/greek-architectural-orders/(Retrieved on Oct. 19,
2018)
https://www.tajmahal.gov.in/(Retrieved on Oct. 19,2018)
http://www.colosseum.net/listingview.php?listingID=1 (Retrieved 2018, Oct. 19)
http://www.colosseum.net/listingview.php?listingID=8 (Retrieved 2018, Oct.
19)
https://www.invaluable.com/blog/art-history-timeline/ (Retrieved 2019, June 17)
https://100percentarchistudent.wordpress.com/2013/01/27/exploring-neo-
classical-architecture-in-manila-philippines/ (Retrieved 2019, June 19)
https://www.google.com.ph/search?
q=ionic+corinthian+doric+columns&tbm=isch&source=hp&sa=X&ved=2a
hUKEwifmqfOu_niAhXMMd4KHQCuAL4QsAR6BAgAEAE&biw=781&
bih=372#imgdii=9KxDuJSrPzcdiM:&imgrc=iaQ7Nve3JhZiMM:&spf=156
1084126314 (Retrieved 2019, June 19)
https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/publicaffairs/gma7specials/463230/14-
churches-in-metro-manila-for-your-visita-iglesia/story/ (Retrieved 2019,
June 19)
https://www.spot.ph/arts-culture/64909/10-beautiful-historic-buildings-in-manila
(Retrieved 2019, June 19)
https://www.academia.edu/7172148/Byzantine_Architecture_324-1453_A
(Retrieved 2019, June 19)
https://study.com/academy/lesson/baroque-architecture-of-the-philippines-
characteristics-examples.html (Retrieved 2019, June 19)
http://www.thousandwonders.net (Retrieved 2019, June 19)
Wendy Joy M. Garma


Exploring Prehistoric Art Around the World

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ART APPRECIATION ART HISTORY

Unit Learning Outcomes:

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Topic 1: Prehistoric Art

Activating Prior Learning

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Congratulations! You did a great job.

Prehistoric Arts from the Different Parts of the World

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Prehistoric sculptures were figures of nude male statues in Daedalic Period. In

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3. The impact of contacts

5 points 3 points 1 point

lacking some of creativity is

____________1. It is known as period of prehistoric human culture, during which

most commonly used figure in Maranaw art.

Topic 2: Appreciating the Philippine Indigenous Art

Activating Prior Learning

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Philippine Indigenous Art, Uncovered

Basketry and Mat-making

Basketry is known to be older that pottery

their piece of textile embellished with

I. Did You Know?

_____9. indigenous backpacks are made of indigenous materials such as the

II. Let’s Play Art Bingo.

LUZON VISAYAS MINDANAO

14 points – if 6 boxes are filled up correctly 4 points – if 1 box is filled up correctly

III. Indigenous Art Appreciation

Manunggul Jar excavated in Palawan

Bul’ ul from the Cordilleras Cagayan de Oro textile displayed in an exhibit

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II. Post Test

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A. Cagayan B. Mindoro C. Palawan D. Sulu

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Topic 3: Western Art: Its Influence to the Philippine Art

Activating Prior Learning

Western Art and its Influence to Philippine Architecture

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Mausoleum owned by Po Family in Manila Memorial Park

In the Philippines, the Immaculate Conception Cathedral erected in Cubao,

Immaculate Conception Cathedral Cubao, Quezon City

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Christian Art emerged oriented to represent intangible spirituality and developed

Basilica e Minore de San Sebastian

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walls and ceilings. The best example of this is the

Above: Decorations in the

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UST Main Building – Renaissance Revival by Fr. Roque Ruano

Neoclassicism San Agustin Church

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Neoclassicism is a movement in Europe in late 18 th century to early 19th century.

The National Museum (left) and

II. Art Appreciation Activity

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III. Let’s try this.

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II. Post Test