Senior High School

Practical Research 2
First Semester - Quarter 1
States the Research Question
CS_RS12-Id-e-4
Practical Research 2 - Grade 12
Alternative Delivery Mode
First Semester -Quarter 1 - States the Research Question
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist
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shall be
necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may,
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Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand

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The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education - Region III

Secretary : Leonor M Briones
Undersecretary : Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Author : Rachelle S. Viñas

Language Reviewer : Joselito G. Milan
Content Editor : Marciano V. Cruz, Jr.
Cherilyn R. Goyena, PhD
Illustrator : Tracy M. Salcedo
Layout Artist : Rachelle S. Viñas

Management Team
Gregorio C. Quinto, Jr., EdD
Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division
Rainelda M. Blanco, PhD
Education Program Supervisor - LRMDS
Agnes R. Bernardo, PhD
EPS-Division ADM Coordinator
Marinella P. Garcia SY, PhD
EPS – Science
Glenda S. Constantino
Project Development Officer II
Joannarie C. Gracia
Librarian II

Department of Education, Schools Division of Bulacan

Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resource Management and Development System (LRMDS)
Capitol Compound, Guinhawa St., City of Malolos, Bulacan
Email address: lrmdsbulacan@deped.gov.ph
 Senior High School

Practical Research 2
First Semester - Quarter 1
States the Research Question
CS_RS12-Id-e-4
 Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Practical Research 2 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on
States the Research Question
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators from
public institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator, in helping the learners meet the
standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and
economic constraints in schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent learning
activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners acquire the
needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also
need to keep track of the learners’ progress while allowing them to manage their own
learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the
tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

Welcome to the Practical Research 2 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on
States the Research Questions!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided
and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the
contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This will give you an idea of the skills or competencies

What I Need to Know
you are expected to learn in the module.

This part includes an activity that aims to check what

What I Know you already know about the lesson to take. If you get all
the answers correct (100%), you may decide to skip
this module.

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 This is a brief drill or review to help you link the current
What’s In
lesson with the previous one.

In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced to you

What’s New in various ways; a story, a song, a poem, a problem
opener, an activity or a situation.
This section provides a brief discussion of the lesson.
What is It This aims to help you discover and understand new
concepts and skills.
This comprises activities for independent practice to
solidify your understanding and skills of the topic. You
What’s More
may check the answers to the exercises using the
Answer Key at the end of the module.
This includes questions or blank sentence/paragraph
What I Have Learned to be filled in to process what you learned from the
lesson.
This section provides an activity which will help you
What I Can Do transfer your new knowledge or skill into real life
situations or concerns.

This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of

Assessment
mastery in achieving the learning competency.

In this portion, another activity will be given to you to

Additional Activities
enrich your knowledge or skill of the lesson learned.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing this module.
The following are some reminders in using this module:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to
consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep
understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written for you to master the art of writing and
stating the research question for your chosen research topic. This also provides
you with varied activities and assessment to increase and measure your
vocabulary about the topic.

At the end of this module, you are expected to:

• tell the definition of a research question and enumerate its
characteristics;
• identify the types of research question; and
• write a good research question by using the steps in writing a good
research question.

What I Know

Match it!

Directions: Match the words in column A with the description / definition of words in
column B.

1. Research Questions A. The research question is on

2. Specific point and enough to answer
3. Complex thoroughly
4. Relevant B. A type of research question
5. Feasible that is used to describe a
6. Researchable variable from the topic.
7. Descriptive Research C. An answerable inquiry into a
Questions specific concern or issue and is
8. Correlational Research considered as an initial step in
a research project
Questions
D. A type of research question
9. Comparative Research that is used to give the
Questions difference between variables.
E. Research is not just
answerable by yes or no.

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 10. Exploratory Research F. A type of research question
Questions that is used to show the
11. Topic relationship between two
12. Sample Comparative involved variable in the study
Question
G. Research questions should be
13. Sample Descriptive
Question applicable to the research topic
14. Steps in writing a research at hand.
question H. Question should be answered
15. Source within a specific time frame
I. Use primary or secondary
sources to support the study.
J. A type of research question
that is used to evaluate
thoroughly a variable
K. The general issue or problem
L. It can be journals, articles, from
books or the internet.
M. Is there a difference between
the learning strategy of male
and female?
N. Broad topic > Source > Narrow
doen topic > develop a specific
research problem
O. Specific topic > Source >
Narrow doen topic > develop a
specific research problem
P. How many students choose the
STEM strand?

What’s In

The previous lesson has taught us how to write a background of a study and
as a researcher we must be able to identify relevant information about the
topic we are trying to do. The background study for a research paper
includes an analysis of the main topic or problem that you want to investigate.

The paragraph below is a background of the study of a research paper that

will help us identify the problem and develop a solution. Let’s do the activity to
familiarize with identifying the main problem and other relevant information
about the topic.

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 Directions: Read and analyze the paragraph carefully and answer the
question the following questions:

1. What is the main topic of the research paper?

2. Identify the independent and dependent variable?
3. What do you think is the main objective of the researcher in doing the
investigation?

“ACADEMIC COMPETENCE IN PHYSICAL SCIENCE OF WORKING STUDENTS

IN RELATION TO THE MODEL OF ACADEMIC COMPETENCE AND
MOTIVATION”
Rachelle S. Viñas
College of Immaculate Conception - Graduate School 2019

Education is an important tool for a successful life along with the

different dimensions that people should consider. In the Philippines,
education is greatly influenced by colonization and Filipinos give great value
for education. According to Mateo (2018) in his article from Philippine Star,
the number of enrollees for the school year 2018-2019 is expected to grow for
almost twenty-eight million students in both public and private schools, but as
mentioned by the Philippine Statistics Office (2017), about nine percent of
Filipinos aged six to twenty four years old is out of school and one of the
reasons is due to the high cost of educational needs in the country.The
academic performance of the students is greatly affected by the situation due
to the need to go to work, and dividing their time and energy. According to
Paolo & Montano (2016), working students get a relatively low academic
performance in school. Thus, there is a need to re evaluate the causes and
possible solutions to the problems encountered by the working students while
schooling. The sole purpose of working is to help them finish school and cope
with their financial challenges, but if the students cannot cope with it, then that
could be an additional problem.The model of academic competence and
motivation was developed by Kevin Mcgrew in 2007; the model was an
adaptation of Snows Academic Aptitude Model. It is believed that the
academic performance of students comprises of a success in its three main
domains namely: orientation towards self (motivations), orientation towards
others (social ability) and volitional controls (cognitive strategies and styles).
Each of the domains is divided into different sub-domains that must be
reached and fulfilled by a person.

If you answered the following then you are correct! The main topic of the research
paper is to identify the relationship between the academic performance of working
students in physical science and the MAC model. The independent variable is the
MAC model and working student while the dependent variable is the academic
competence of students. The goal is to identify the relationship and help the
working students with regards to their studies.

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 What’s New

A human being is always curious about the environment and the world they
are living in to and as the world of research becomes popular and important
people were able to make our lives easy by discovering solutions to problems and
issues we encounter. We always start our discoveries by asking simple questions
and finding answers to our questions. In research we have this so called research
questions, which help and lead the researcher to the center of the study. Let’s
see how the two students from Masaya National High School from the scenario
below were able to think of a research problem by merely asking and being
curious.

Scenario…

Juan and Iska are grade 12 students from Masaya National High School, they are currently
taking up Practical Research 2 subject and was tasked to think of a research topic.

One day while on video call……

....................
....................

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..........................
..........................

Figure 1: Iska and Juan

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 Iska: Hi Juan, last night I can’t sleep
and thought maybe it was because of
the corona virus. I think I am having
an anxiety and I wonder if there are
other people who feel the same way
as I do. And thought that this could
be a great topic for our research
study…. I want to know if they have
difficulty in sleeping like I do or do
they always feel worried or anxious?

Figure 2: Iskaduring the videocall

Juan: I think that can be a great

topic for our research we can also
asked them the things that they do
to cope up with the virus. In that
way we can finish our research
and may help other people too
who experience the same thing as
you do…

Figure 3: Juan during the videocall

After brainstorming they decided to do the study entitled: “Difficulties Encountered by

the Residents of Barangay Masaya during the Community Quarantine ”.

In the story, identify the questions given by Juan and Iska that lead them in developing
their research topic.

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 Notes to the Teacher

The activities in this module are arranged from simple to complex to help the
learner gradually master the desired learning competency. Give him/her the
needed support and guidance so that he/she will be able to perform the tasks to
prepare him/her later on in writing a research question and identifying its type.

States the Research Questions

Types and Characteristics of Research Question
Steps in Writing a Research Question

What is it

Research question has an essential role in finding for a solution to the research
problem. It is an answerable inquiry into a specific concern or issue and is considered
as an initial step in a research project. It directs you to the things you want to discover
about the topic. A topic is the general problem or issue that the researcher wants to be
solved.

A research question should be (1) focused in single problem that serves as the centre
of the study; (2) researchable, a primary or secondary data should be available to
support the study; (3) specific enough to answer the problem and objective carefully;
(4) complex, a vast explanation should be given and should not be answerable by a
mere yes or no; (5) relevant to the field of study; (6) feasible, questions should be
carried out within a time frame. These are the characteristics of a good research
question that must be utilized by the researcher to create a good and a sound
research paper.

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Steps in Writing a Research Question

A good set of research question leads to a good research paper. The following are the
steps in writing a good research question:

1. Choose a broad topic

o A topic is the main argument in
the study. A researcher should
choose a topic that interests
him/her to avoid
disengagement and lack of
interest. It should also be
aligned with the researcher’s
area of specialization so that
the researcher has a great
knowledge about the topic. Figure 4: A general problem / topic is like a
whole puzzle piece. It has a lot of elements
that makes it general and broad.

2. Search for related literature or related to the broad topic chosen.

o A related literature from primary and secondary sources are good
indicators that a problem is researchable and has a lot of information that
may support the study.

Figure 5: Primary and secondary sources can be found from books and internet.

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 3. Narrow down your broad topic to have more focus.
o Narrowing down the topic can help you gain focus on your study, while
giving a a more specified answer and solution to the identified issue /
problem.

Figure 6: A whole puzzle piece stands for a general problem / issue and to
narrow it down a part of the puzzle must only be the focus of the study.

4. Identify a practical problem that will be addressed.

o The proper identification of a problem may help in giving a more focused
and reliable solution to the problem / issue.

After identifying the research topic, a researcher may now identify a question that
needs to be answered which is related to the topic at hand.

Types of Research Questions

The type of question used can lead in determining the type of research design that will
be used in the study. Below are the types of research questions:

Types of research
Description Example
question

Descriptive A type of research How may the profile of

question that is used to the respondents be
describe a variable from described in terms of its
the topic age and gender?
Correlational A type of research Is there a significant
question that is used to relationship between the
show the relationship gender and academic
between two involved performance of

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 variable in the study students?
Exploratory A type of research What are the main
question that is used to factors to be considered
evaluate thoroughly a in the academic
variable performance of
students?
Explanatory A type of research What is the impact of
question that is used to anxiety on the social skill
explain the occurrence of of women?
situation from the
variables in the study.

Evaluation A type of research How effective is planting

question that is used to in decreasing the anxiety
check for the outcome or level of mothers?
effect of a variable to
another variable

Figure 7: Types of Research Questions

To completely understand the lesson let’s analyze the picture below and use it as an
example.

Figure 8: The picture shows a water pollution which is considered as one of the problems of the community
nowadays.

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Step 1: Choose a broad topic
Upon looking at the picture we may realize that it shows a serious
environmental problem which is water pollution. A type of pollution that may
pose a great health risk not just for the people but for the animals and
environment.

Step 2: Search for related literature or study related to the broad topic chosen.
To support the claim that water pollution is a problem a researcher may search
for related literature or study about the chosen broad topic.

Step 3: Narrow down your broad topic to have more focus.

To narrow down the topic the researcher must think of a specific sub problem
he/she wants to focus on. Without a specific topic, it will be difficult to know
where to begin. For our example, the researcher may focus on the potability of
water by testing the amount of E.Coli and Coliform.

Step 4: Identify a practical problem that may be addressed.

As a final research problem or topic you may now identify the research title
“The amount of E. Coli and Coliform in San Juan River”

After identifying the problem we may now be able to develop questions based from our
identified problem. Use the following research questions as an example:

1. How may the water in San Juan River be described in terms of its color?
2. How may the water in San Juan River be described in terms of the amount of E.
Coli?
3. How may the water in San Juan River be described in terms of the amount of
Coliform?

What’s More

Independent Activity 1

Check it right!

Directions: Put a check mark () after a sentence if it describes a research question
correctly and cross mark () if it is wrong. Use a separate sheet of paper
in answering.

A research question has an essential role in finding for a solution to the research
problem (1) . It is an unanswerable inquiry into a specific concern or issue and
is considered as an initial step in a research project (2) . It does not directs
you to the things you want to discover about the topic(3) . A research question
leads to the center of the study (4) . A research question should be
answerable (5) .

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Independent Assessment 1

Look for it!

Directions: Read and analyze the description given on each number and look for the
term being described in the word box below. Use a separate sheet of
paper in answering.

Focused Researchable

Specific Complex

Relevant Feasible

1. A research question should have a single problem that serves as

the centre of the study
2. A research question should have a primary or secondary data
should be available to support the study
3. A research question should have enough to answer the problem
and objective carefully
4. A research question should have a vast explanation should be
given and should not be answerable by a mere yes or no
5. A research question should be relevant to the field of study.

Independent Activity 2

Pair me up!

Directions: Choose the research question from the box below that corresponds to the
topic given on each question.

➢ Is there a significant difference in the usage of social media

between male and female students?
➢ What are the learning styles of Grade 12 SHS students?
➢ What is the most effective weight loss plan for teenagers?
➢ Which is a more effective time management activity for SHS?
➢ Can colouring activity reduce the amount of anxiety of teens?

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1. Academic Performance

2. Coping Mechanism

3. Weight Management

4. Social Media

5. Time Management

Independent Assessment 2

Directions: Read and analyze the statement on each number. Encircle the beaker if it
is true and encircle the evaporating dish if it is false. Use a separate
sheet of paper in answering.

1. A research question is not an essential part of a research paper

2. The research topic should be broad enough to produce a good

research question

3. The research question should be relevant to the chosen topic.

4. Descriptive research question is used to show the relationship

between two involved variable in the study

5. “Is there a significant relationship between being a working

student and academic performance in biology?” is an example of
explanatory research question.

6. The related literature and studies is important in choosing a

research topic.

7. Evaluation research question is used to check for the outcome or

effect of a variable to another variable

8. Research question pinpoints the things you want to discover in a

topic.

9. Research questions should be broad enough to answer the

problem and objective carefully

10. Research questions should only be answerable by yes or no

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Independent Activity 3

Directions: Identify the type of research question presented on each number.

1. How much time does a student spend in the library?

2. Does exercising give emotional stability?
3. Do rules and regulations impact a community’s economy?
4. What is the participants level of stress before and after the session?
5. How many students are there to join the parade?
6. Do diet and exercise increase the confidence of a student?
7. Does the Kontra-Droga Bill aid in the decrease of the number of drug
users in the Philippines?
8. What are the factorsthat increase the risk of depression among
teenage moms?
9. What are the medicinal effects of guava leaf extract?
10. How many working students are there in Masaya National High School?

Independent Assessment 3

Directions: Write a research question for each of the topic given on each number.

1. The impact of length of sleep in the grades of students in practical research 2.

2. Assessment on the learning skills of Grade 12 students in Masaya National High

School.

3. Marketing skills of vendors in San Miguel public market.

4. The effects of computer games in the sleep quality of teens.

5. The impact of leadership exposure in the leadership skills of students.

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Directions: Complete the phrase on each number by writing your learning about the
lesson.

_1
_._Re_s_
e_a_rc_h q_
u_ _n is_….
e_st_io

_3_._T_h_e st_e_p_s_i_n_wri_
n_ h_q_u_e_s_ti_o_n_i_n_c_lu_d_e_….._….
g_a re_s_e_a_r_c_

_2_._T_h_e_t_y_p_e_s_o_f_r_e_s_
e_a_
rc_h qu_s_t_io_n_s a_re_…._.….
_e

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 What I Can Do
Directions: Think of two research topics and write at least five (5) research question
for each topic using the different types of question.

1. Topic:

Research Question:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

2. Topic:

Research Question:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Assessment

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. What do you call an answerable inquiry into a specific concern or issue and is
considered as an initial step in a research project?
a. Research Questions
b. Research Topic
c. Research Title
d. Research Background

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 2. A good research question is not simply answerable by yes or no. Which
characteristic of a good research question is described?
a. Clear
b. Focused
c. Complex
d. Feasible
3. Ideas from the research question are narrow enough. Which characteristic of a
good research question is described?
a. Clear
b. Focused
c. Complex
d. Feasible
4. “What are the characteristics of the Malungay (Moringa oleifera) plant extract?”
is an example of what kind of research question?
a. Descriptive Research Questions
b. Comparative Research Questions
c. Correlational Research Questions
d. Exploratory Research Questions
5. “Is there a significant difference between the food preferences of male and
female students in Masaya National High School?” is an example of what kind
of research question?
a. Descriptive Research Questions
b. Comparative Research Questions
c. Correlational Research Questions
d. Exploratory Research Questions
6. A research topic and questions should be supported by a primary or secondary
data. Which characteristic of research question is described?
a. Researchable
b. Specific
c. Complex
d. Feasible
7. A research question should answer the problem carefully and objectively.
Which characteristic of research question is described?
a. Researchable
b. Specific
c. Complex
d. Feasible
8. The questions should be carried out within a time frame. Which characteristic of
research question is described?
a. Researchable
b. Specific
c. Complex
d. Feasible

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9. “Does ketogenic diet decrease the weight better than South Beach diet?” is an
example of what kind of research question?
a. Descriptive Research Questions
b. Comparative Research Questions
c. Correlational Research Questions
d. Exploratory Research Questions
10. “How many students in grade 12 are involved in community service?” is an
example of what kind of research question?
a. Descriptive Research Questions
b. Comparative Research Questions
c. Correlational Research Questions
d. Exploratory Research Questions
11. What type of research question is being presented when the researcher
describes a variable in the topic?
a. Descriptive Research Questions
b. Correlational Research Questions
c. Exploratory Research Questions
d. Evaluation Research Questions
12. What type of research question is used to explain the occurrence of a situation?
a. Descriptive Research Questions
b. Comparative Research Questions
c. Explanatory Research Question
d. Exploratory Research Questions
13. What type of research question presents a relationship between two variables?
a. Evaluation Research Questions
b. Correlational Research Questions
c. Explanatory Research Question
d. Exploratory Research Questions
14. What type of research question is used to check for the outcome or effect of a
variable to another variable?
a. Evaluation Research Questions
b. Correlational Research Questions
c. Explanatory Research Question
d. Exploratory Research Questions
15. Which of the following statements is true?
a. Research topic should be broad enough for the researcher to have a
wide scope in the study and be able to write a lot of questions.
b. Research topic should not be broad enough for the researcher to have a
wide scope in the study and be able to write a lot of questions.
c. Research topic should be specific enough and should be supported by
sources.
d. Research topic should be broad enough and should be supported by
sources.

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 Additional Activity

Directions: Look for old newspaper and magazine and cut-out some possible
research problems or topics, paste them on a short bond paper and
then write at least three research question for the problem.

Rubrics in Writing a Research Question

5 4 3 2

was not able to was not able to was not able to

Was able to follow
follow the correct follow the correct follow the correct
the correct format in
Formatting format in writing format in writing formatin writing
writing research
research question research question research question
question
with some errors with a lot of errors completely

writing has some writing has a lot of

Clarity & Writing is clear and writing is unclear
unclear idea and unclear idea and
Conciseness focused idea and unfocused
unfocused unfocused

Research question is
Research question Research question Research question grammatically
Spelling and
has no spelling and has some spelling has a lot of spelling incorrect and has a
grammar
grammar error and grammar error and grammar error lot of spelling
mistakes

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