Senior High School

Practical Research 2
First Semester - Quarter 1
Presenting Written Statement
of the Problem
CS_RS12-Id-e-7
Practical Research 2 - Grade 12
Alternative Delivery Mode
First Semester - Quarter 1
Presenting Written Statement of the Problem
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education - Region III

Secretary : Leonor M Briones
Undersecretary : Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Author : Rachelle S. Viñas
Language Reviewer : Joselito G. Milan
Content Editor : Marciano V. Cruz, Jr.
Cherilyn R. Goyena, PhD
Illustrator : Tracy M. Salcedo
Layout Artist : Rachelle S. Viñas

Management Team
Gregorio C. Quinto, Jr., EdD
Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division
Rainelda M. Blanco, PhD
Education Program Supervisor - LRMDS
Agnes R. Bernardo, PhD
EPS-Division ADM Coordinator
Marinella P. Garcia SY, PhD
EPS – Science
Glenda S. Constantino
Project Development Officer II
Joannarie C. Gracia
Librarian II

Department of Education, Schools Division of Bulacan

Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resource Management and Development System (LRMDS)
Capitol Compound, Guinhawa St., City of Malolos, Bulacan
Email address: lrmdsbulacan@deped.gov.ph
 Senior High School

Practical Research 2
First Semester - Quarter 1
Presenting Written Statement
of the Problem
CS_RS12-Id-e-7
 Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Practical Research 2 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on
Presenting Written Statement of the Problem
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators from
public institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator, in helping the learners meet the
standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and
economic constraints in schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent learning
activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners acquire the
needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also
need to keep track of the learners’ progress while allowing them to manage their own
learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the
tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

Welcome to the Practical Research 2 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on
Presenting Written Statement of the Problem!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided
and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the
contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This will give you an idea of the skills or competencies

What I Need to Know
you are expected to learn in the module.

This part includes an activity that aims to check what

What What I Know you already know about the lesson to take. If you get all
the answers correct (100%), you may decide to skip
this module.

1
 This is a brief drill or review to help you link the current
What’s In
lesson with the previous one.

In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced to you

What’s New in various ways; a story, a song, a poem, a problem
opener, an activity or a situation.
This section provides a brief discussion of the lesson.
What is It This aims to help you discover and understand new
concepts and skills.
This comprises activities for independent practice to
solidify your understanding and skills of the topic. You
What’s More
may check the answers to the exercises using the
Answer Key at the end of the module.
This includes questions or blank sentence/paragraph
What I Have Learned to be filled in to process what you learned from the
lesson.
This section provides an activity which will help you
What I Can Do transfer your new knowledge or skill into real life
situations or concerns.

This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of

Assessment
mastery in achieving the learning competency.

In this portion, another activity will be given to you to

Additional Activities
enrich your knowledge or skill of the lesson learned.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing this module.
The following are some reminders in using this module:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to
consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep
understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written for you to master the art of writing the
statement of the problem. This also provides you with varied activities and
assessment to increase and measure your vocabulary about the topic.

At the end of this module, you are expected to:

 discuss the basic concepts of statement of the problem ;
 enumerate its elements and familiarize with the content; and
 use the proper format in writing a good statement of the problem.

What I Know

Directions: Read the statement carefully and tell whether it is TRUE by putting a check mark
 and cross mark  if it is FALSE on the space provided on each number.

1. Statement of the problem is a two paragraph content about the issue or problem.
2. The first part of the statement of the problem contains a series of questions.
3. “Is there a significant relationship between the sleeping habit and academic
performance of students?’ is an example of research question.
4. A written statement of the problem contains three formats: (1) The Ideal (2) the
consequence and (3) The solution.
5. The ideal part of the objective contains the perfect and “what it should be”
scenario.
6. The consequences part of objective shows the difference between the ideal and
reality part of the objective.
7. Statement of the problem have three main element.
8. The first element of the statement of the problem is the objective.
9. The second element of the statement of the problem is the research question.
10. The objective part contains the goals and issue that needs to be addressed.
11. Research question are set of questions that needs to be answered.
12. The reality part of the paper contains real life situations that shows the gap on the
ideal and consequence.
13. Statement of the problem is a direct statement of the problem or issue.
14. The goal of the study can be found in the second part of the statement of the
problem.
15. Research question can be copied from other researches.

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 What’s In

The previous lesson taught you about the scope and delimitation of a study. Scope of
the study refers to the coverage of the study while Delimitation includes the boundary and the
variables which are not included in the study.

To check for your vocabulary about the topic do the activity below. Read and analyze
the given scope and delimitation below then answer the questions that follows.

“Factors Affecting the Academic Performance of Working Students”

The main purpose of the study is to identify the factors that affects the
academic performance of working students. This study will help them make
adjustment so as for them to maintain a good academic performance in
school. The respondents of the study are the Grade 12 working students in
Masaya National High School in Bulacan. The study will be held in the months
of June to October 2019. The study is limited only in identifying the factors
affecting the working students academic performance.

Guide Questions:

1. What is the topic all about?

2. What s the objective of the study?
3. Where is the setting of the study?
4. When will the study is conducted?
5. Who are the subject of the study?

What’s New

Identifying a problem or issue before doing a research paper is the first and most
important step in any research study. Statement of the problem is an area or part of a
research paper that contains an in-depth discussion about the main issue or problem.

To check your vocabulary skills about the topic do the activity below

4
Directions: Read the poem below.

Breathe
Tiffaney L. Ganci

Panic, worry, darkness closing in around me.

These are some of the words I could use to describe my
anxiety,
but nothing I can say could speak of its entirety,
as I cry internally thinking I've lost my sanity.
Doctors, counselors, saying there's something wrong
with me.
My parents telling me to calm down and stop being so
crazy.
But how can I calm down when the world around me
is spinning out of control and I can barely see?
Breathe. You will get through this.
You will get through the sleepless nights,
all the internal fights,
and the days that seem right
when the world hits you with all its might.
Breathe. You will get through this.
I know you think I'm overreacting about the silliest little
things,
but to me those silly little things seem like the doom the
world could bring.
Can't you see, a spilled glass of milk to you can seems
like an earthquake to me.
I know it might be hard to understand my anxiety,
but I hope today I have given you some clarity.
So the next time someone is scared and feels like they
can't breathe,
shaking and crying, unable to see,
don't tell them they're overreacting; don't call them crazy.
Help them realize there is more to life than this misery,
and no matter the doubt inside, they will be who they
are meant to be.
Breathe. I will get through this.
Because I know I am more than just my anxiety,
and one day I hope to be free of it entirely.
But until then, I will keep telling myself, quietly,
I am stronger than this. I am stronger than my anxiety.

5
Guide Questions:

Note: Please refer to Appendix 1 on page 21 for the rubrics.

1. What is the poem all about?

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

2. What is the problem described in the poem?

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

3. In your own words, explain the problem depicted in the poem.

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

Introduction to Statement of the Problem

Main Element of the Statement of the Problem
Format of Writing a Statement of the Problem

What is it

The well-targeted problem and issue that needs to be addressed by the researcher is
written in the statement of the problem. It contains a well specified discussion of the issue
and the goal of the study. Commonly, this part of the research paper is brief and does not
elaborate the problem too much but is direct in stating the main problem and the ways on how
it can be solved.

Writing a good research question is essential for it helps a researcher to gain focus on the
study. It also serves as a guide, it contains specific questions that must be answered in a
systematic process. Commonly, statement of the problem is not written laboriously but is
simple, short and concise.

I. Elements of Statement of the Problem

1. Objectives or goal of the study; and

2. Set of research questions

Objective of the study

This is the first paragraph of the

statement of the problem. A brief
statement of the main issue or concern
is stated in this part of the paper. The
researcher should also mention about
how the problem should be addressed
and the main objective or target of the Fugure 1: An objective study should be
like an arrow, it should be focused and
study. clear and makes sure that the target is
hit.

6
Example: Let’s use the previous research topic in this module.

“Anxiety and Stress Levels Perceived by the Community People during Quarantine”

Home quarantine is a condition where people are not allowed to go out

except when buying necessities. During this pandemic, a lot of people experiences
anxiety and stress because of the “new normal” that people needs to follow. Anxiety
and stress levels can alter a peoples daily task and activities and may result in great
danger. This study aims to know the anxiety and level of stress perceived by the
people in the community during the quarantine period.

Set of Research Questions

Research questions are set of questions

Figure 2: Researcher should have a clear
understanding of the topic for them to
develop a good statement of the problem
that leads into answering the main issue or
concern of the study. It is an answerable
inquiry into a specific concern or issue and is
considered as an initial step in a research
project. It directs you to the things you want
to discover about the topic. A topic is the
general problem or issue that the researcher
wants to be solved.

Example: Let’s use the previous research topic in this module.

“Anxiety and Stress Levels Perceived by the Community People during Quarantine”

Specifically, the study aims to answer the following questions:

1. What is the level of emotion of a person with anxiety and stress?

2. What are the anxiety coping mechanisms/ activities done by the people to
alleviate stress and anxiety?
3. Did stress and anxiety affect the daily activities of the person?

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II. Format in Writing Statement of the Problem

The statement of the problem usually presents three main parts; The ideal, the reality;
and the consequences.

The Ideal (Part 1): This contains the

ideal situation, it shows how things should really
be. Identifying the “ideal” scenario can help the
researcher identify and show the problem in
present situation.

Let’s use the picture on the right as an example.

The environment is an important part of peoples
lives, it should not have any waste and pollution.
It shows how pleasant our environment is and no
problem can be seen.

Figure 3: A picture showing the ideal

environment.

The Reality (Part 2): This contains the

present situation, it shows the problem or issue
by showing the gap between the ideal and the
reality or present situation.

Let’s use the picture on the left as an example. In

our present society the environment is really
facing a great danger because of pollution. This
presents and pose a great danger to the health
of people and animals. The problem in this part
should really be expressed by the researcher.

Figure 4: A picture showing the reality of

the environment.

The Consequences (Part 3): This contains the good and the bad effects of the reality.
This part should fill in the gap between the ideal and reality part of the issue or problem. In the
image below you can see now the obvious issue and problem that the researcher should
addressed.

Figure 5: The ideal and the reality is shown in the picture. The clean which is
ideal and the polluted which is the reality.

8
Let’s use this another example:

“Factors Affecting the Academic Performance of Students in Physics”

Physics is branch of science that

deals with concepts such as force, The first
paragraph contains the
energy, mass, and charge. Students objective of the study.
academic performance may be affected If you will analyze the
by several factors and may result to a paragraph follows the
high or low academic performance in the ideal format of the
subject. This study aims to know the statement of the
different factors affecting the academic problem by showing
the idea, reality and
performance of students in physics.
the consequences. It is
Specifically this study seeks to answer also short and direct to
the following questions: the point.

1. How may the profile of the

respondents be described in terms of: The second part
1.1 age; of the statement of the
1.2 gender problem is the
1.3 number of siblings; and research question.
1.4 Monthly income? Research question as
discussed in the
previous modules have
2. How may the academic performance different types. The
of the students be describe in terms of types of question used
the following factors: will determine the type
2.1 Financial Capability; of research and the
2.2 Learning techniques; and statitistical tools to be
used by the
2.3 Motivation skills?
researcher. The
questions should be
3. Is there a significant relationship specific enough to
between the factors and the academic target the main issue
performance of students? of the paper.

A good background or knowledge about the topic is a plus in writing the statement of the
problem. A researcher must do a prior investigation so that he / she can share knowledge to
the readers.

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 What’s More

Independent Activity 1

Check it right!

Directions: Put a check mark () on the true column if the statement is correct and put a
cross mark () on the wrong column if the statement is incorrect.

Statement True False

1. Statement of the problem should be explained in detailed and
Should have at least five paragraphs.

2. There are three steps to be followed in writing a statement of the

problem.

3. Objective and research questions are the elements of the statement of the
Problem.
4. Statement of the problem should be direct to the point.
5. Statement of the problem serves as a guide to the researcher.

Independent Assessment 1

Look for it!

Directions: Read and analyze the description given on each number and look for the term
being described on the word box below.

Statement of the Problem Ideal

Background of the study Consequences

Reality Objective

_______________1. It is the first part of the statement of the problem

________________ 2. It shows the present situation to help the researcher link the
problem or issue.
________________3. It contains a direct issue or problem that needs to be addressed.
________________4. It links the ideal and reality to show that there is a problem that
needs to be solved.
________________5. Contains a perfect and “no-problem” scenario.

10
Independent Activity 2

Fill me in!

Directions: Complete the sentences by writing the correct term on the space provided.

The well-targeted problem and issue that needs to be addressed by the researcher is written
in the (1)_______________________. It contains a well specified discussion of the
(2)__________________ and (3)___________________. Writing a good research question is
(4)____________for it helps a researcher to gain focus on the study. Commonly, statement of
the problem is not written laboriously but is(5) ____________, (6)__________ and (7)
_____________.(8)__________________is the first paragraph of the statement of the
problem. A brief statement of the main issue or concern is stated in this part of the paper.
(9)_______________are set of questions that leads into answering the main issue or concern
of the study. It is an (10) ______________inquiry into a specific concern or issue and is
considered as an initial step in a research project.

Independent Assessment 2

Describe me up!

Directions: Below are set of terms discussed in the lesson. In your own words define and
explain the terms given.

1. Statement of the problem

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

2. Elements of the Statement of the Problem

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

3. Format in writing Statement of the Problem

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

4. Objective
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

5. Research questions
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

11
Independent Activity 3

Recognize me!

Directions: Read and analyze the statement of the problem given below. Identify the parts of
statement of the problem.

“Factors Affecting the Anxiety Level of Students in

Masaya National High School”

A person performs better in school and at home if he/she does not have an
anxiety. Now a days a lot of people experience anxiety and it affects their daily
living. This study aims to evaluate the factors that may affect the anxiety level of
students in Masaya National High School. Specifically this study also seeks to
answer the following questions:

1. How may the profile of respondents be described in terms of:

1.1 age;
1.2 gender;
1.3 average monthly family income;
1.4 number of siblings; and
1.5 order in the family;

2. How may the respondents be described in terms of the following factors:

3.1 Trauma experienced;
3.2 Financial Status;
3.3 Use of medication; and
3.4 Stress;

3. Is there a significant relationship between the factors cited and the anxiety
level of students?

Objectives

1. “Ideal”: ________________________________________________________________

2. “Reality”:________________________________________________________________

3. “Consequences”: _________________________________________________________

Research Questions

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

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Independent Assessment 3

Complete this up!

Directions: Complete the statement of the problem by filling the blanks with the necessary
information. Note: Please refer to Appendix 3 on page 22 for the rubrics.

Topic: Team Building

Team Building: Impact on Students School Leadership Performance

Statement of the problem

Teamwork is the capacity of a certain group to work harmoniously. Problems

like misunderstanding and competition is always a part of the game. Teachers
and student leaders are working on team building exercise to evaluate if that
activity can enhance the group performance of students. This study aims
to_________________________________________________________,
specifically this_____________________________________:

1. (Describe the Independent Variable)_______________________________

2. (Describe the Dependent Variable)________________________________

3. (Determine the Significant Difference between Independent and Dependent

Variable)____________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

4. (Significant Effect/Impact/Influence) _______________________________

___________________________________________________________

13
 Write a reflection about your learning on the lesson. Use a separate sheet of paper in
answering.

Note: Please refer to Appendix 2 on page 21 for the rubrics.

I learned that.._______________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________

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 What I Can Do

Coming Write up!

Directions: Think of two research topics that they encountered in their community and write
complete statement of the problem.
Note: Please refer to Appendix 3 on page 22 for the rubrics.

Topic:_________________________________________________________________

Statement of the Problem:

Objectives:
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________.

Specifically this seeks to answer the following questions:

1. (Describe the Independent Variable)_______________________________

2. (Describe the Dependent Variable)________________________________
3. (Determine the Significant Difference between Independent and Dependent
4. Variable)____________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
5. (Significant Effect/Impact/Influence) _______________________________
____________________________________________________________

Topic:______________________________________________________

Statement of the Problem:

Objectives:
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________.
Specifically this seeks to answer the following questions:

1. (Describe the Independent Variable)_______________________________

2. (Describe the Dependent Variable)________________________________
3. (Determine the Significant Difference between Independent and Dependent
4. Variable)____________________________________________________
5. ___________________________________________________________
6. (Significant Effect/Impact/Influence) _______________________________
___________________________________________________________

15
 Assessment

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer.

1. What do you call a part of the research paper that contains a well specified issue and
the goal of the study?
a. Statement of the Problem
b. Research Topic
c. Research Title
d. Background of the study
2. How many elements does a statement of the problem has?
a. One
b. Two
c. Three
d. Four
3. Which of the following is the first part of a statement of the problem?
a. Title
b. Research Questions
c. Beneficiaries of the study
d. Objective
4. What do you call the set of questions made by the researcher?
a. Research Questions
b. Assistive questions
c. Statement of account
d. Unanswered questions
5. Which of the following statement best describe an objective?
a. Objectives are the goals and purpose of the study
b. Objectives are set of questions made by the researcher
c. Objectives are the goals and purpose of the researcher
d. Objectives are unanswered set of questions made by the researcher
6. Which of the following is not included in the format of a statement of the problem?
a. Reality
b. Ideal
c. Consequences
d. Strengths
7. Which of the following parts of the statement of the problem shows how a thing should really be?
a. Reality
b. Ideal
c. Consequences
d. Strengths
8. Which of the following parts of the statement of the problem depicts a present scenario?
a. Reality
b. Ideal
c. Consequences
d. Strengths

16
 9. Which of the following parts of the statement of the problem links and shows the good
and the bad in the situation?
a. Reality
b. Ideal
c. Consequences
d. Strengths
10. Which of the following best describes a statement of the problem?
a. Should be simple, short and concise
b. Should have an in-depth discussion of the problem
c. Should have a list of people who will benefit from the study
d. Should have a set of terms that needs to be defined.

Modified True or False: For numbers 11-15

Directions: Write true if the statement is true and false if it is false. If the statement is false
change the underline word to make the statement correct.

11. Statement of the problem should be written in at least eight paragraphs to state the
issue or concern of the study.
12. The research question contains a set of questions made by the researcher.
13. The objective of the study should contain the purpose and goal of the study.
14. Ideal, Reality and Consequences are the things that should be included in the format
of a statement of the problem.
15. The reality part should connect the problem and the ideal things in the problem.

Additional Activity

Look for an old newspaper and magazine and cut-out some possible research problems or
topics, paste it on a short bond paper and then write a statement of the problem.

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

17
18
19
 References

Ganci, Tiffaney L., “Breathe”, 2018, Family Friend Poems,

https://www.familyfriendpoems.com/poem /breathe-7

Bwisa, Henry, The basics of writing a statement of the problem for your research proposal.
2018. https://www.editage.com/insights/the-basics-of-writing-a-statement-
of-the-problem-for-your-research-proposal

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 Appendices

Appendix 1

Rubric for Answering Questions

3 2 1

The answer is
The answer is
incomplete, not too
complete, relevant, Did not answer the
Answer relevant, accurate
accurate ang logically question correctly
ang logically
presented
presented

Few grammatical Many grammatical

Grammar, Usage & No grammatical error
error and spelling error and spelling
Mechanics and spelling errors
errors errors

Appendix 2

Rubric for the Reflection of Ideas and Learnings

3 2 1

The answer in the The answer in the The answer in the

reflection shows an reflection shows a reflection shows no
in-depth learning learning about the learning about the
about the topic. All topic. Some of the the topic. All the
Analysis
the informations informations about informations about
about the lesson was the lesson was given the lesson was not
given and explained and explained in given and
in detail. detail. unexplained in detail.

The students was

The students was The students was not
able to explain his /
able to explain his / able to explain his /
presentation of idea / her learning and was
her learning and was her learning and was
Reflective Thinking able to present the
able to present the not able to present
ideas with some
ideas clearly. the ideas clearly.
errors.

Few grammatical Many grammatical

Grammar, Usage & No grammatical error
error and spelling error and spelling
Mechanics and spelling errors
errors errors

21
Appendix 3

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education, Schools Division of Bulacan
Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resource Management and Development System (LRMDS)
Capitol Compound, Guinhawa St., City of Malolos, Bulacan
Email address: lrmdsbulacan@deped.gov.ph