11 Department of Education-Region III

TARLAC CITY SCHOOLS DIVISION

Juan Luna St., Sto. Cristo, Tarlac City 2300
Email address: tarlac.city@deped.gov.ph/ Tel. No. (045) 470 - 8180

Practical Research 1
Quarter 3: Week 2
Learning Activity Sheet
 PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1

Name of Learner: ____________________________ Third Quarter Week 2

Grade Level and Section: ______________________ Date: ______________

VALUE OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH; ITS KINDS, CHARACTERISTICS, USES,

STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES/IMPORTANCE OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
ACROSS FIELD OF INQUIRY

Background Information

Qualitative research considers natural interpretation of the world through natural settings and
high value on people’s views. These views focus on how you interpret and make sense of your
experiences.
A certain phenomenon is studied applying a research method that gives emphasis on the
natural setting and point of views of your respondents in your study. In qualitative research, your self-
reflection about one’s role, behavior and position is vital. For instance, you tend to give personal
opinions, give comments, admires, and appreciates your respondent’s idea. Both of your personal
observation and analysis on certain issue or object is also required. This specific aspect of qualitative
research makes it subjective.
Qualitative research methods were developed in order to further and deepen our
understanding of the social world. It is usually applied in social sciences, politics, economics,
humanities, education, psychology, nursing, and all business-related subjects.

Qualitative research methods:

1. Are concerned with opinions, feelings, and experiences
2. Describes social phenomena as they occur naturally – no attempt is made to manipulate the
situation – just understand and describe
3. Understanding is sought by taking a holistic perspective/approach, rather than looking at a set of
variables
4. Data are used to help you develop concepts and theories that helps you to understand the social
world – which is an inductive approach to the development of theory, rather than deductive approach
that quantitative research takes – i.e., testing theories that have already been proposed
5. Qualitative data are collected through direct encounters, i.e., through interview or observation and
is rather time consuming.

Types of Qualitative Research

1. Case Study
A type of qualitative research that takes place in the field of social care, nursing, medicine,
psychology, rehabilitation centers, education, etc. This involves a long-time study of a person, group,
organization, or situation. You used this to seek answers or find the reason behind the occurrence of
such thing. With this, you explores the relationship of the people to the case under study. Interviews,
questionnaires, observations and documentary analysis can be used in gathering data.

2. Ethnography
This is a study about specific cultural group to have total understanding of their organizational
set-up, internal operation, and lifestyle. Through this, you are able to disclose the nature or
characteristics of their own culture and world perception.

3. Phenomenology
This refers to the study of how people find their experiences meaningful. Its aim is to let you
understand their experiences in a certain phenomenon such as death of loved one, care for person
with disabilities, disaster, etc. Through this, you are able to understand the meanings associated to
one’s experiences.

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4. Content and Discourse Analysis
This requires an analysis or examination of the substance or content of the mode of
communication (e.g. letters, books, journals, art works, photographs, videos, SMS etc.) utilized by a
person, group, organization or any institution. This focuses on language structures used in the
medium of communication to find out the effects of sociological, cultural, institutional, and ideological
factors on the content of a certain mode of communication.

5. Historical Analysis
This mainly focuses on the examination of primary documents to make you understand the
connection of past events to the present time.

6. Grounded Theory
This takes place when you discover a new theory to anchor your study at the time of data
collection and analysis. Interview, observation and documentary analysis are the data gathering
techniques for this type of qualitative research.

Characteristics of Qualitative Research

1. Human understanding and interpretation

Results are based from individuals’ mental, social, and spiritual understanding of the
world. With their views, you analyzes what kind of human being are they, their values, beliefs,
likes and dislikes that could be considered as factors affecting the topic of the study.

2. Active, powerful and forceful

There is a continuous change in every stages of qualitative research. As you go
through the process, you will find out that there will be a need to shift from one aspect to
another aspect of research, rephrasing statements, interviews or questions and considers
other techniques for better acquisition of data.

3. Multiple research approaches and methods

There are varied ways to approach or plan a research study. You are free to combine
qualitative and quantitative method then use different techniques for analysis of data gathered.

4. Specificity to generalization
Qualitative research follows inductive or scientific method of thinking, from specific
concept to more complex ideas such as generalizations or conclusions.

5. Contextualization
This type of research involves all variables, factors, or conditions affecting the study.
You aim to understand issues or problems of the society or human behavior which is sensitive
and critical.

6. Diversified data in real-life situation

You collects data in a natural setting (e.g., observing or interviewing people, analyzing
photographs or videos)

7. Overflows with words and visuals

This type of research requires you to use or think bulk of words. From the formulation
of problem and background, reading and coming up with related literature and studies which
may require also paraphrasing, data gathering and data analysis to presentation of results
involves words.

8. Internal Analysis
With this research, examination of data focuses on inner traits of your respondents
such as emotional, mental and spiritual characteristics. You analyzes respondents’
perceptions, ideas or views on a certain issue or problem.

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 Qualitative Research Strengths and Weaknesses
STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES
1. It uses a naturalistic approach that let the 1. Your subjectivity in data analysis should be
people involved understand things based on minimized.
their significance and meaning.
2. Validity and reliability of data are hard to
2. It provides full understanding of people’s identify because results can be influenced by
behavior or description of personality traits in your personal biases and individualities.
their natural setting.
3. There is “data overload” that engage to long-
3. It may serve as instrument for positive societal time analysis.
change.
4. It is time consuming because it involves
4. It ensures respect for every individual’s several processes since much time is needed for
personality or individual differences as it gathering and analyzing data.
requires you to carefully and seriously stand on
human world views. 5. Ideas gathered might not be generalized to
other people or other setting (e.g., ideas might
5. This can be used to determine the cause of a be unique to fewer people compared to a larger
particular event or an issue. group of people.)

6. This serves as a tool in understanding,

analyzing and interpreting social interactions.

7. It motivates you to exert so much interest in

the study for it includes your experience
background information in interpreting the data
gathered.

8. You can use various processes.

9. It describes certain phenomena in full details.

10. You can conduct cross case comparison and

analysis.

Uses of Qualitative Research

1. It used to capture expressive information not conveyed in quantitative data like beliefs, values,
feelings and motivations that underlie behaviors.
2. You will use it to learn directly from your respondents.
3. This may be used to understand others’ culture, way of living, meaning and conventions of behavior
and ways of thinking.
4. This is used for developing practical solutions to the problems.
5. This is useful in investigating issues.

Learning Competency:
• Describes characteristics, strengths, weaknesses, and kinds of qualitative research (CS_RS11-IIIb-1)
• Illustrates the importance of qualitative research across fields (CS_RS11-IIIb-2)
• Designs a research project related to daily life (CS_RS11-IIIc-e-1)

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Activity 1
Directions: Fill out the following “word shapes” by referring to the clues and guessing the types of
research hinted at.

1. A study how people find their experiences meaningful.

2. It focuses on the examination of primary documents to make one understand the connection
of past events to the present time

3. When the researcher discovers a new theory to anchor the study at the time of data collection
and analysis.

4. A study about specific cultural group to have total understanding of its organizational set-up,
internal operation, and lifestyle.

5. This involves a long-time study of a person, group, organization, or situation.

Activity 2
Directions: Read the following statement carefully. Identify if it is a strength, weakness or use. Write
S for strength, W for weakness, and U for use. Write your answers on the blank provided before each
number.
_______1. The researcher uses it to learn directly from respondents.
_______2. Researcher’s subjectivity in data analysis should be minimized.
_______3. This may be used to understand others’ culture, way of living, meaning and conventions
of behavior and ways of thinking.
_______4. It may serve as instrument for positive societal change.
_______5. This can be used to determine the cause of a particular event or an issue.
_______6. There is “data overload” that engages the researcher to long-time analysis.
_______7. The researcher van use various processes.
_______8. It used to capture expressive information not conveyed in quantitative data like beliefs,
values, feelings and motivations that underlie behaviors.
_______9. It is time consuming because it involves several processes since much time is needed for
gathering and analyzing data.
_______10. The researcher can conduct cross case comparison and analysis.

Activity 3
Directions: Read and analyze the following research topics and identify what type of qualitative
research is appropriate for each. Then justify you answer by providing a brief explanation.

_______________1. A researcher investigated the medical properties of the rare Amazonian tree and
discovered that its components can be made into a drug that can cure dengue.
_________________________________________________________________________
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_______________2. A researcher is studying the lived experiences of parents of young children with
autism receiving special education services.
_________________________________________________________________________
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_______________3. A researcher analyzes music composition by researching on its utilization of

theory and intuition, technologies in creating music, and critical approach in its design process.
_________________________________________________________________________
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_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________4. A researcher immerses with the Badjao street dwellers to learn how they were
able to migrate from Mindanao.
_________________________________________________________________________
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_______________________________________________________________________________
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_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________5. A researcher seeks to discover the events that transpired behind the
assassination of Antonio Luna in Cavite in 1899 and discuss the implication of these events to history.
_________________________________________________________________________
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_______________________________________________________________________________
CRITERIA 2 3 4 5
Focus/ Main Point The essay poorly The essay is focused on The essay is focused on The essay is focused, purposeful, and
addresses topic and topic and includes few the topic and includes reflects clear insight and ideas
includes irrelevant loosely related ideas relevant ideas
ideas
Support Provides little or no Supports main point with Supports main point with Persuasively supports main point with
support for the main some underdeveloped developed reasons well-developed reasons and/or
point reasons and/or examples and/or examples examples
Organization & Format Little or no Some organization of ideas Organizes ideas to build Effectively organizes ideas to build a
(Paragraphs, organization of ideas to to build an argument an argument logical, coherent argument
Transitions) build an argument
Language Use, Style & Little or no use of Some use of elements of Appropriate use of Effective and creative use of elements
Conventions (Sentence elements of style Many style Contains frequent elements of style. Uses of style to enhance meaning Uses
structure, word choice, errors in grammar, errors in grammar, correct grammar, correct grammar, spelling, punctuation
grammar, spelling, spelling, and spelling, and punctuation spelling, and punctuation throughout with very few errors
punctuation) punctuation, makes with few errors
reader’s
comprehension difficult
Originality (Expression No experimentation Very little experimentation Sufficient Distinctive experimentation with
of the theme in a nor enhancement of to enhance concepts Does experimentation with language and usage to enhance
creative way) concepts No not exhibit creativity language and usage to concepts Applies higher order thinking
adherence to the enhance concepts and creative skills to relay complex
theme Applies basic creative ideas
skills to relay ideas
https://www.kpu.ca/sites/default/files/NEVR/High%20School%20Rubrics.pdf

Activity 4
Directions: Test your understanding by answering the following questions.
1. How will you explain qualitative research?
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2. Can all research methods be applied in one study? Defend your answer.
_________________________________________________________________________
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_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________

3. Is qualitative research advantageous to use or not? Explain your answer.

_________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________

CRITERIA 2 3 4 5
Focus/ Main Point The essay poorly The essay is focused on The essay is focused on The essay is focused, purposeful, and
addresses topic and topic and includes few the topic and includes reflects clear insight and ideas
includes irrelevant loosely related ideas relevant ideas
ideas
Support Provides little or no Supports main point with Supports main point with Persuasively supports main point with
support for the main some underdeveloped developed reasons well-developed reasons and/or
point reasons and/or examples and/or examples examples
Organization & Format Little or no Some organization of ideas Organizes ideas to build Effectively organizes ideas to build a
(Paragraphs, organization of ideas to to build an argument an argument logical, coherent argument
Transitions) build an argument
Language Use, Style & Little or no use of Some use of elements of Appropriate use of Effective and creative use of elements
Conventions (Sentence elements of style Many style Contains frequent elements of style. Uses of style to enhance meaning Uses
structure, word choice, errors in grammar, errors in grammar, correct grammar, correct grammar, spelling, punctuation
grammar, spelling, spelling, and spelling, and punctuation spelling, and punctuation throughout with very few errors
punctuation) punctuation, makes with few errors
reader’s
comprehension difficult
Originality (Expression No experimentation Very little experimentation Sufficient Distinctive experimentation with
of the theme in a nor enhancement of to enhance concepts Does experimentation with language and usage to enhance
creative way) concepts No not exhibit creativity language and usage to concepts Applies higher order thinking
adherence to the enhance concepts and creative skills to relay complex
theme Applies basic creative ideas
skills to relay ideas
https://www.kpu.ca/sites/default/files/NEVR/High%20School%20Rubrics.pdf

Reflections
Complete the statements below to construct your reflections regarding the lesson.

What I’ve learned is/are ____________________________________________________________

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What I’ve enjoyed is/are____________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________
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What I’m still confused is/are ________________________________________________________

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_______________________________________________________________________________

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References

Prof. Mary Rose Q. Locsin, Dr. Gregorio L. Samar. Practical Research. Unit 401 Maui Oasis,
Condominium, Sta.Mesa, Manila: Rajah Publishing House, 2019.

Amadeo Pangilinan Cristobal, Jr., Ed.D., Maura Consolacion De la Cruz-Cristobal. Practical Research
1 for Senior High School. 839 EDSA, South Triangle, Quezon City: C & E Publishing, Inc., 2017.

Answer Key:
Activity No.1
1. Phenomenology
2. Historical Analysis
3. Grounded Theory
4. Ethnography
5. Case Study
Activity No.2
1. U
2. W
3. U
4. S
5. S
6. W
7. S
8. U
9. W
10. S
Activity No.3
1. Case Study. Explanation may vary.
2. Phenomenology. Explanation may vary
3. Grounded Theory. Explanation may vary.
4. Ethnography. Explanation may vary.
5. Historical Analysis. Explanation may vary.
Activity No.4
Answers may vary
Reflections
Answers may vary

Prepared by:

MAGDALENA B. DASCO
Teacher II
San Manuel High School