11/1

2 English for Academic and

Professional Purposes (EAPP)
Q2/Q4-Module 4
Kinds of Reports

What I Need To Know

 Most Essential Learning Competency (MELC):
Determines the objectives and structures of various kinds of reports
(CS_EN11/12A-EAPP-IIe-j-6)
Objectives:
At the end of this module, you are expected to:
1. define reports;
2. differentiate the types of reports; and
3. determine the objectives and structures of reports.

What I Know
To check what you already know about our new topic/lesson, answer the pre-test below.

PRE-TEST
Directions: Read the questions carefully and choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answers
on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Who writes reports?
a. department supervisors c. company owners
b. business managers d. all of the choices
2. What does orderly mean?
a. controversial c. carefully prepared
b. fact-based d. subjective
3. What does a report outline show?
a. the assumptions of your report c. the progress of your report
b. the suggestions of your report d. the order of your report sections
4. You’re writing a report about your company’s profits for the year. What pattern of organization should
you use?
a. a quantity-based pattern c. a factor-based pattern
b. a time-based pattern d. a place-based pattern
5. What does a good title do?
a. captures the purpose of the report
b. shows how the report is presented
c. explains the findings of the report
d. shows which sections of the report are the most important
6. Executive summary “should be self-explanatory”. What does this mean?
a. It should convince the reader to agree with the report findings.
b. The reader does not need to read the other report sections to understand the executive
summary.
c. The reader does not need to read the executive summary.
d. It should be easy to read.
7. Which is NOT one of the 5 Ws?
a. Where b. Why c. What d. With
8. Which describes the body of a report?
a. It is where you summarize the entire report.
b. It is where you make your conclusions.
c. It is where you present the research findings.
d. It is where you write the references.

9. What is the most suitable verb to complete the sentence below?EAPP Module 4 – Quarter II/IV, Page 1 of 9
 A conclusion should _______ the findings already presented in the report.
a. narrates b. describe c. explain d. not include
10. What word does NOT describe a report?
a. factual b. orderly c. objective d. entertaining

LESSON 4 KINDS OF REPORTS

What’s New

Directions: Copy the puzzle and search for the 10 words that are related to the kinds of report. Write
your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

A D O C U M E N T H I N K N
N N F M N N D G T O M E N O
A O F B I Z P I N Q P M O I
L I E L C Q W E E W E I W T
Y T R T O Y C F M D R T L A
T A I S R I C D E E F Y E D
I G N G N J X Z T I E R D N
C I G N J O Y E A F C P G E
A T S I T L O B T S T O E M
L S E D A E U R S I E U P M
I E R N G T T A P T O Y O O
S V A I H T H Y N A P M O C
T N E F J E S E D S Q H R E
S I N G M R O F N I G J S R

What Is It
Good day dear dedicated learners! In the previous module, you have learned about writing a
arguments in manifestoes and you have successfully completed all the given tasks and challenges. This
time, you will enhance your skills in writing various kinds of reports. So, if you are excited and ready, let’s
begin!

WHAT IS A REPORT?

Reports are essential to keep an updated account of an event, situation, and organization. 
These are documents that wish to inform, analyze, or recommend.  Reports are often expressed through
oral presentations or written. The common mediums of these reports are speeches, televisions, radios,
and films.
Report writing is making a detailed statement about the company, an event, a situation, and/or
an occurrence which is based on an observation, investigations, and inquiries.

The scope and style of reports varied widely. It depends on three key factors: the report’s
intended audience, the report’s purpose and the type of information/subject to be communicated.
TYPES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF VARIOUS REPORTS
EAPP Module 4 – Quarter II/IV, Page 2 of 9

TYPES OF
REPORTS:
 FORMAL INFORMAL

TYPES OF FORMAL TYPES OF INFORMAL

REPORTS: REPORTS:
i. informational i. progress report
reports ii. sales activity report
ii. analytical reports iii. personnel evaluation
iii. recommendation iv. financial report
reports v. feasibility report
vi. literature review
vii. credit report

1. FORMAL REPORT
It is the collection and interpretation of data and information. It is complex and used at an official
level. It is often a written account of a major project.
Example of subject matter include new technologies, the advisability of launching a new project
line, results of a study or experiment, an annual report, or a year old review of developments in the field.

TYPES OF FORMAL REPORTS:

 Informational reports present results so readers can understand a particular problem or
situation.

Example: Tanager of a city’s website might prepare an information report for the city council. The
report would provide statistics or the numbers of people who pay their city water and sewage bills
online etc.

 Analytical report
This type goes a step beyond presenting results. It presents results, analyze those results,
and draws conclusions based on those results. These reports attempt to describe why or how
something happened and to explain what it means. Like informational, analytical reports can be
formal or informal.

 Recommendation report
It advocates a particular course of action. This usually presents the results and conclusions
that support the recommendations. This type is identical to analytical report.
For example, your analytical report suggests using treatment X is more efficient than
treatments Y and Z. However, that does not mean that you will use treatment X as cost and other
considerations might recommend treatment Y.
 What should we do about a problem?
 Should we or can we do something?
 Should we change the method or technology we use to do something?

2. INFORMAL REPORT EAPP Module 4 – Quarter II/IV, Page 3 of 9

 Informal report functions to inform, analyze, and recommend. It usually takes the form o a
memo, letter or a very short international document like a monthly financial report, monthly activities
report, research and development report, etc. This report differs from the formal report in length and
formality. It is written according to organization, style and rules, but usually does not include the
preliminary (front) and supplemental (back) material.
It is more controversial in tone and typically deals with everyday problems and issues addressed
to a narrow readership inside the organization.

TYPES OF INFORMAL REPORTS:

i. progress report
ii. sales activity report
iii. personnel evaluation
iv. financial report
v. feasibility report
vi. literature review
vii. credit report

BASIC STRUCTURE OF A REPORT:

I. Title page. It should include the title, your name and the name of the teacher/tutor to whom it is
being submitted, date of submission, your course/department. The logo of the organization should also
be printed.

II. Abstract. A summary of the major points, conclusions, and recommendations should be written
to give a general overview of report.

III. Table of Contents. List of sections, sub-sections, tables, appendices, etc.

IV. Introduction. The first page of the report needs to have an introduction. You will explain the
problem and show the reader why the report is being made.

V. Body (varies according to type of report). This is the main section of the report. There needs
to be several sections, with each having a subtitle. The various sections include Review of Literature,
Materials and Methods and Results. A discussion section can also be included at the end of the body to
go over by findings and their significance.

VI. Conclusions. It should draw out the implications of your findings with deductions based on the
facts described in your main idea. The significance and relevance of study is discussed in this section.

VII. Recommendations. Suggestions and advice based on the conclusions.

VIII. References. This is a list giving the full details of all the sources to which you have made a
reference within your text.

IX. Appendices. Supplementary materials e.g. other supporting data

What’s More EAPP Module 4 – Quarter II/IV, Page 4 of 9

Directions: Read the article below. Identify the parts (introduction, body and conclusion) of a survey
report. Copy the sentence/s that show such parts. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

Survey of Academic and General Reading in English

On 8th February 1999, a survey was conducted among 16 overseas postgraduate students at the
University of England. The purpose of the survey was to discover the reading habits in English of the
students.
The survey was conducted by means of a questionnaire given to the students to complete. The
first part of the questionnaire dealt with the type of reading and its frequency. The second section was
concerned with newspapers: the type of items read and those that were read first.
From the table of data, the most significant items are as follows. In the first section 81% of the students
regularly read academic books" while 44% regularly read academic journals. Nothing else is read
regularly or often by 40% or more of the students. The following comments can be made about the
reading of newspapers, magazines and fiction. 75% sometimes read regional or local newspapers, 69%
sometimes read books of fiction, 62% sometimes read general magazines, and 56% sometimes read
national daily newspapers. On the other hand, 37% never read Sunday newspapers and 31% never read
fiction.
In the second section, not surprisingly, 100% read news about their own country in newspapers
and 56% read this first. 94% read international news, 25% read this first. 81% read about Britain and
look at radio and TV information. The only other item that is usually read by more than 50% of the
students is current affairs (read by 56%).
If any conclusions may be drawn from the data, they are, perhaps, as follows. Overseas students
presumably have little time for general reading: most of their reading time is spent on books and journals
on their own subject. Outside their studies, apart from reading news about their own country, interna-
tional news, and news about Britain, they probably spend most time watching TV and listening to the
radio.
/From Academic Writing Course by R.R. Jordan/

Survey of Academic and General Reading in English

Introduction: ____________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

Body: ___________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

Conclusion: ______________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
 What I Have Learned
EAPP Module 4 – Quarter II/IV, Page 5 of 9
Directions: Study the following identified reports and describe them according to purpose / objective.
Write your answers on a separate paper. (5 points each)

1. Monthly Financial Statement/Report

https://th.bing.com/th/id/OIP.f5qyqJ1JmOddNki5yGH5TwHaDY?pid=ImgDet&rs=1

Objective/Purpose:____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________

2. School Form 9/Report Card

https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/reportcardrevised-160114063058-thumbnail-4.jpg?cb=1452753073

Objective/Purpose:____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________

EAPP Module 4 – Quarter II/IV, Page 6 of 9

Answer Key

WHAT I KNOW WHAT’S MORE WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

1. d Answers may vary. Answers may vary.
2. c
3. d
4. b
5. a
6. b
7. d
8. c
9. c
10. d

WHAT’S NEW
Document
Statement
Inform
Company
Investigation
Analytical
Recommendation
Letter
Analyze EAPP Module 4 – Quarter II/IV, Page 7 of 9
findings
 ROSALES NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SENIOR DEPARTMENT
Don Antonio Village, Rosales, Pangasinan

INSTRUCTION: Detach and submit this Worksheet together with the activity sheets.

WORKSHEET

Name: ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC

Subject
Grade/Section AND PROFESSIONAL
:
: PURPOSES
Subj. Teacher: Week: 4

I. Directions: Fill in the grid with details about various reports. You may include structure,
objectives, and characteristics of each type of report. Write your answers on a separate sheet of

Before writing any kind of report, what should the writer do?

Example: Consider the purpose of the report.





In writing a report, it requires the following:

Example: Introduction should catch the attention of the readers.





What should be done to achieve the desired purpose of writing a report?

Example: Make a conclusion.





paper.

II. Directions: Read the questions carefully and choose the letter of the best answer. Write your
answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. In which section can you read the summary of the major points, conclusions, and
recommendations and it should be written to give a general overview of report?
a. abstract b. title page c. conclusion d. body
2. Which section explains the problem and shows the reader why the report is being made?
a. title page b. introduction c. conclusion d. body
3. Which type of report usually takes the form of a memo, letter or a very short international
document like a monthly financial report, monthly activities report, research and
development report?
a. informational report c. formal report
b. analytical report d. informal report
4. What do you call the documents that wish to inform, analyze, or recommend?
a. informational report c. report
 b. analytical report d. informal report
5. Which type of formal report advocates a particular course of action? This usually presents
EAPP Module 4 – Quarter II/IV, Page 8 of 9
the results and conclusions that support the recommendations.
a. informational report c. recommendation report
b. analytical report d. informal report
6. Which type of report collects and interprets data and information? It is complex and used
at an official level.
a. informational report c. financial report
b. formal report d. feasibility report
7. Which type of formal report presents results so readers can understand a particular
problem or situation?
a. analytical report c. progress report
b. informational report d. credit report
8. In which section can you see the listing of sources consulted and where information was
lifted to form your text?
a. appendices b. table of contents c. conclusion d. reference
9. Which type of formal report goes a step beyond presenting results? It presents results,
analyzes those results, and draws conclusions based on those results. It attempts to
describe why or how something happened and try to explain what it means.
a. analytical report c. progress report
b. informational report d. credit report
10. Which is NOT a type of informal report?
a. progress report c. informational report
b. sales activity report d. personnel evaluation

EAPP Module 4 – Quarter II/IV, Page 9 of 9