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agricultural engineering Study

agricultural engineering
Terms in this set (40)

the application of water into the soil for the purpose

irrigation
of supplying the moisture essential for growth.

refers to the mass of a unit of volume of dry soil in

bulk density
its natural structural condition.

is the ratio of the mass of a given volume of dry soil,

airspace included, to the mass of an equal volume
apparent specific gravity
of water. it is also the ratio of the bulk density of the
soil to the density of water.

particle density is the mass per unit volume of the soil particle.

is the ratio of the particle density of the soil to the

real specific gravity
density of water.

hygroscopic water

classes of soil capillary water

gravitational water

a thin film of water on the surface of the soil grains

hygroscopic water and is not capable of significant movement in the
action of gravity or capillary forces.

that part in excess of the hygroscopic water which

capillary water exists in the pore space of the soil and is retained
against the force of gravity.

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agricultural engineering water that moves downward freely by the action of

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gravitational water
gravity.

is the moisture content of the soil when the

field capacity
gravitational water has been removed.

the soil moisture content at which the plants

permanent welting point
permanently wilt.

the range in moisture content between field

capacity and permanent wilting point. it represent
available moisture
the amount of water that can be retained in the soil
for use by the crop.

refers to the percentage of the available moisture

maximum allowable deficit that is allowed to be depleted before the next
irrigation is applied.

determines the depth of soil necessary to be

rootzone depth
wetted during irrigation.

refers to the number of days between two

successive irrigation applications. it is also the
irrigation interval
number of days after irrigation when the moisture
content reaches the allowable depletion level.

the number of hours water is applied during the

irrigation period
applied during irrigation.

refers to the amount of water necessary to restore

net water requirement
the main rootzone to field capacity.

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agricultural engineering refers to the sum of the net water requirement and
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gross water requirement
losses such as percolation, runoff and other losses.

water content of the soil is measured by oven

gravimetric method drying the soil samples 105 degree Celcius until
there is no further change in weight.

is an instrument used to describe the moisture

tensiometer method status of the soil in terms of its suction or soil
moisture tension.

the moisture content is approximated based on

feel and appearance method observation of soil sample and using established
tables.

involves the use of gypsum blocks and with

electrical resistance method embedded electrodes connected to a wheatstones
bridge.

this is rapid means of on sites moisture

measurement. based on upon the measurement of
neutron scattering method
hydrogen nuclei that are present in a unit volume of
soil.

consists of a network of hydraulic and appurtenant

irrigation facilities structures necessary to control, measure and
regulate the distribution of irrigation water.

an intake structure consisting of sliding gates to

head gate admit and regulate the flow in to the irrigation
canal.

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agricultural engineering structure consisting of sliding gates that raises the

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check gate waters level upstream to facilities its diversion into

the branching canal.

serve as an outlet of water in irrigation canals

turnout whereby water pass through and discharges in the
main farm ditch or service area.

used to divide the flow of water at desired direction

division box usually installed at the main farm ditch to divert
water into the supplementary farm ditch.

structure constructed along supplementary farm

offtake ditch at the head of internal farm ditch to control
and regulate water discharge into the farm.

these are used in the places where the natural

drops or drop spillways ground to where the canal will be laid out is very
steep.

these are structures used to convey water down

chutes relatively steep hills which would require many
drops closely spaced to control water velocity.

structure use to convey irrigation water above and

flume
across natural depression such as creeks and rivers

involves the use of floating object to traverse a

float velocity method known distance along a straight reach of the open
channel.

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agricultural engineering involves the use of current meter positioned at Study

0.2
and 0.8 of the depth for 2-point measurement/or at
current meter method
0.6 of the depth for one-point measurement to
determine the average velocity.

slope area method make use of the manning's velocity equation

specially-designed discharge measurement

use of parshall flumes or weirs structure that constrict the flow by narrowing the
width of the channel section.

this is done by introducing water and letting it

wild flooding
spread over the area to be irrigated.

this method requires the building of control

controlled flooding
structures such as levees or dikes.

is done by subdividing the field into a series of

border or strip flooding strips, 5 to 20 meters wide and 75 to 100 meters in
length.

consists of supplying large flow into the relatively

plots surrounded by levees or dikes. this method is
level border of check flooding
suited to prevent high percolation and losses and in
areas with highly permable soils.

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