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Objectives
1. To determine the total resistance of series and parallel circuits using measured values.
2. To verify the voltage and current division theorems.
Theories
Various resistor connections occur in many circuit applications. In solving electric circuit problems, it is a
customary to simplify the circuit by combining the resistor. Let’s consider the series circuit in Figure 2.1.
Series resistors have the same amount of current flowing through them. Using the Ohm’s Law, we get
𝑣! = 𝑖𝑅! , and 𝑣" = 𝑖𝑅"
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ME AC-211L – Laboratory Manual
𝑅# = 𝑅! + 𝑅" + 𝑅$ + ⋯ + 𝑅%
For the circuit in Figure 1, the voltage in each resistor can be obtained using the Voltage Division
Theorem (VDT), i.e.
&! &"
𝑣! = & 𝑣, and 𝑣" = & 𝑣
! '&" ! '&"
Now let us consider a parallel circuit as shown in Figure 2.2. Parallel circuits have the same voltage
which in example is equal to the voltage source.
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ME AC-211L – Laboratory Manual
We can also determine the current in each resistor connected in parallel using the Current Division
Theorem (CDT), i.e.
&" &!
𝑖! = & 𝑖, and 𝑖" = & 𝑖
! '&" ! '&"
Procedures
1. In our canvas course, go to the Circuit Simulator section, select Lab and build the circuit in
Figure 2.3
Table 2.1 – Voltages and current of the resistors of the series circuit
𝑣! 𝑣" 𝑣$ 𝑖
Note: Only one value of current is needed since all resistors are connected in series.
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ME AC-211L – Laboratory Manual
𝑖! 𝑖" 𝑖$ 𝑖
Note: We do not need to measure the voltages of the resistors since they are all connected in
parallel to the source which means that the voltages across them are also 12 V.
Analysis
1. From Figure 2.3 and 2.4, calculate the total resistance of each circuit and compare it the measured
resistance. Show your solution.
Series
______________________________________________________
Parallel ______________________________________________________
Series
Parallel
2. Now referring to Figure 2.3, using the VDT, calculate the voltage drops in each resistor and
compare it to the measured voltage drops.
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ME AC-211L – Laboratory Manual
𝑣! = ________________________
𝑣" = ________________________
𝑣$ = ________________________
3. Similarly, referring to Figure 2.4, using the CDT, calculate the current in each resistor and
compare it to the measured values. Hint: Combine the other two resistors in parallel.
𝑖! = ________________________
𝑖" = ________________________
𝑖$ = ________________________
1. In series circuits, is it true that the total resistance is always greater than the largest resistance in
the circuit? Explain.
2. In parallel circuits, is it true that the total resistance is always lesser than the smallest resistance in
the circuit? Explain.
3. In series circuits, using the VDT formula, explain that the largest voltage drop should occur in the
largest resistor.
4. In parallel circuits, using the CDT formula, explain that the largest current can be measured from
the smallest resistor.
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