Exercise 113 Further problems on solving
simultaneous equations using matrices
In Problems 1 to 5 use matrices to solve the
simultaneous equations given.
1. 3x + 4y = 0
2x + 5y + 7 = 0 [x = 4, y = −3]
2. 2p + 5q + 14.6 = 0
3.1p + 1.7q + 2.06 = 0
[p = 1.2, q = −3.4]
3. x + 2y + 3z = 5
2x − 3y − z = 3
−3x + 4y + 5z = 3
[x = 1, y = −1, z = 2]
4. 3a + 4b − 3c = 2
−2a + 2b + 2c = 15
7a − 5b + 4c = 26
[a = 2.5, b = 3.5, c = 6.5]
5. p + 2q + 3r + 7.8 = 0
2p + 5q − r − 1.4 = 0
5p − q + 7r − 3.5 = 0
[p = 4.1, q = −1.9, r = −2.7]
6. In two closed loops of an electrical circuit, the currents flowing are given by the
simultaneous equations:
I1 + 2I2 + 4 = 0
5I1 + 3I2 − 1 = 0
Use matrices to solve for I1 and I2.
[I1 = 2, I2 = −3]
7. The relationship between the displacement,
s, velocity, v, and acceleration, a, of a piston
is given by the equations:
s + 2v + 2a = 4
3s − v + 4a = 25
3s + 2v − a = −4
Use matrices to determine the values of s, v
and a.
[s = 2, v = −3, a = 4]
8. In a mechanical system, acceleration x¨,
velocity x˙ and distance x are related by the
simultaneous equations:
3.4x¨ + 7.0x˙ − 13.2x = −11.39
−6.0x¨ + 4.0x˙ + 3.5x = 4.98
2.7x¨ + 6.0x˙ + 7.1x = 15.91
Use matrices to find the values of x¨, x˙ and x.
[x¨ = 0.5, x˙ = 0.77, x = 1.4]
Exercise 114 Further problems on solving
simultaneous equations using determinants
In Problems 1 to 5 use determinants to solve
the simultaneous equations given.
1. 3x − 5y = −17.6
7y − 2x − 22 = 0
[x = −1.2, y = 2.8]
2. 2.3m − 4.4n = 6.84
8.5n − 6.7m = 1.23
[m = −6.4, n = −4.9]
3. 3x + 4y + z = 10
2x − 3y + 5z + 9 = 0
x + 2y − z = 6
[x = 1, y = 2, z = −1]
4. 1.2p − 2.3q − 3.1r + 10.1 = 0
4.7p + 3.8q − 5.3r − 21.5 = 0
3.7p − 8.3q + 7.4r + 28.1 = 0
[p = 1.5, q = 4.5, r = 0.5]
5.
x2
−
y3
+
2z
5
=−
1
20
x4
+
2y
3
−
z2
=
19
40
x+y−z=
59
60
x = 207 , y = 4017 , z = − 245
6. In a system of forces, the relationship
between two forces F1 and F2 is given by:
5F1 + 3F2 + 6 = 0
3F1 + 5F2 + 18 = 0
Use determinants to solve for F1 and F2.
[F1 = 1.5, F2 = −4.5]
7. Applying mesh-current analysis to an a.c.
circuit results in the following equations:
(5 − j4)I1 − (−j4)I2 = 100∠0◦
(4 + j3 − j4)I2 − (−j4)I1 = 0
Solve the equations for I1 and I2.
I12 = 10.7745∠19−56.23.73◦A◦,A
8. Kirchhoff’s laws are used to determine the
current equations in an electrical network
and show that
i1 + 8i2 + 3i3 = −31
3i1 − 2i2 + i3 = −5
2i1 − 3i2 + 2i3 = 6
Use determinants to find the values of i1 , i2
and i3. [i1 = −5, i2 = −4, i3 = 2]
9. The forces in three members of a framework
are F1 , F2 and F3. They are related by the
simultaneous equations shown below.
1.4F1 + 2.8F2 + 2.8F3 = 5.6
4.2F1 − 1.4F2 + 5.6F3 = 35.0
4.2F1 + 2.8F2 − 1.4F3 = −5.6
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THE SOLUTION OF SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS BY MATRICES AND DETERMINANTS 283
F
Find the values of F1 , F2 and F3 using
determinants.
[F1 = 2, F2 = −3, F3 = 4]
10. Mesh-current analysis produces the following three equations:
20∠0◦ = (5 + 3 − j4)I1 − (3 − j4)I2
10∠90◦ = (3 − j4 + 2)I2 − (3 − j4)I1 − 2I3
−15∠0◦ − 10∠90◦ = (12 + 2)I3 − 2I2
Solve the equations for the loop currents
I1 , I2 and I3.
I123 = 31.317010963∠2240−148.5797◦.32A◦ A
Exercise 116 Further problems on solving simultaneous equations using Gaussian
elimination
1. In a mass-spring-damper system, the acceleration x¨ m/s2, velocity x˙ m/s and displacement
x m are related by the following simultaneous
equations:
6.2x¨ + 7.9x˙ + 12.6x = 18.0
7.5x¨ + 4.8x˙ + 4.8x = 6.39
13.0x¨ + 3.5x˙ − 13.0x = −17.4
By using Gaussian elimination, determine the
acceleration, velocity and displacement for
the system, correct to 2 decimal places.
[x¨ = −0.30, x˙ = 0.60, x = 1.20]
2. The tensions, T1 , T2 and T3 in a simple
framework are given by the equations:
5T1 + 5T2 + 5T3 = 7.0
T1 + 2T2 + 4T3 = 2.4
4T1 + 2T2 = 4.0
Determine T1 , T2 and T3 using Gaussian
elimination.
[T1 = 0.8, T2 = 0.4, T3 = 0.2]
3. Repeat problems 3, 4, 5, 7 and 8 of Exercise 113 on page 279, using the Gaussian
elimination method.
4. Repeat problems 3, 4, 8 and 9 of Exercise 114
on page 282, using the Gaussian elimination
method.
Exercise 110 Further problems on the
inverse of 2 by 2 matrices
1. Determine the inverse of −4 73 −1
⎡⎢
⎢⎣
⎛⎜
⎝
7
17
1
17
4
17
3
17
⎞⎟
⎠
⎤⎥
⎥⎦
2. Determine the inverse of
⎛⎜
⎝
12
23
−
13
−
35
⎞⎟
⎠
⎡⎢
⎢⎣
⎛⎜
⎝
7
57
8
47
−4
27
−6
37
⎞⎟
⎠
⎤⎥
⎥⎦
Ch25-H8152.tex 23/6/2006 15: 9 Page 273
THE THEORY OF MATRICES AND DETERMINANTS 273
F
3. Determine the inverse of −21.3 75 −3.49
⎡⎣
0.290 0186 0.551097
correct to 3 dec. places
⎤
