Stata 12 Graphics: Dawn Koffman Office of Population Research Princeton University June 2013

Stata 12 Graphics
Dawn Koffman
Office of Population Research
Princeton University
June 2013
Stata 12 Graphics
Pros:
Many graph types and plot types provided
Multiple plot types may be overlaid
Can easily change overall look of graphs
Same options available for most types of graphs
Very flexible
Cons:
Large syntax: 665 page graphics manual!
Rather slow
Interactive, point-and-click Graph Editor
- However, as of Stata 11: can record edits and apply them to other graphs
Stata Graphics References:

http://data.princeton.edu/stata/Graphics.html, by German Rodriguez
A Visual Guide To Stata Graphics, Third Edition, by Michael Mitchell
2
Stata 12 Graphics Manual (may want to start with “graph intro”)
Stata Graphics Syntax
graph <graphtype>
graph bar
graph twoway <plottype>
graph twoway scatter
graph twoway line
graph twoway lfit
graph twoway lfitci
graphs commands may have options
some options have suboptions or a list of options
graph twoway scatter var1 var2, xlabel(30(10)100, labsize(small))
appearance of graph defined by graph elements:

data - marker symbols, lines
elements within plot region – text, marker labels, line labels
elements outside plot region – titles, legend, notes, axis labels, tick marks, axis titles
size and shape of plot region and entire graph
3
Stata Graphics Syntax: A Simple Example
sysuse uslifeexp.dta, clear
80
graph twoway line le year
70
life expectancy
/* OR */
twoway line le year 60

50
/* OR */
40
line le year 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000

Year
4
80
Using Schemes
70
life expectancy
60
line le year, scheme(s1mono)
50
40
1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000
Year
80
line le year, scheme(economist) 70
life expectancy
/* to see list of 60
scheme names:
graph query, schemes
50
to change default scheme:

set scheme schemename 40
1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000
*/ Year
5
Multiple Dependent Variables
line le_wmale le_wfemale le_bmale le_bfemale year

80
70
60
50
40
30
1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000

Year
Life expectancy, white males Life expectancy, white females

Life expectancy, black males Life expectancy, black females
6
Adding Text
line le_wmale le_wfemale le_bmale le_bfemale year ///
, text(32 1920 “{bf:1918} {it:Influenza} Pandemic", place(3))
80
70
60
50
40
1918 Influenza Pandemic

30
1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000

Year
Life expectancy, white males Life expectancy, white females

Life expectancy, black males Life expectancy, black females
7
Overlaying Two-Way Plot Types
scatter le year if year >= 1950 || lfit le year if year >= 1950
/* OR */
scatter ///
le year if year >= 1950 ///
76
|| lfit le year if year >= 1950
74
/* OR */
twoway ///
72
(scatter le year if year >= 1950) ///
(lfit le year if year >= 1950)
/* OR */ 70
#delimit ;
68
twoway 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

Year
(scatter le year if year >= 1950)
(lfit le year if year >= 1950); life expectancy Fitted values
#delimit cr
8
scatter le year if year >= 1925 ///

|| lfit le year if year >= 1925 & ///
year < 1950 ///
|| lfit le year if year >= 1950
75
/* OR */
twoway ///
70
(scatter le year if year >= 1925) ///
(lfit le year if year >= 1925 & ///
65
year < 1950) ///
60
(lfit le year if year >= 1950)
55
/* OR */ 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000
Year
life expectancy Fitted values

#delimit ; Fitted values
scatter le year if year >= 1925

|| lfit le year if year >= 1925 & year < 1950
|| lfit le year if year >= 1950;
#delimit cr
9
#delimit ;
scatter le_male le_female year if year >= 1950
|| lfit le_male year if year >= 1950
|| lfit le_female year if year >= 1950;
#delimit cr
80
75
70
65
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

Year
Life expectancy, males Life expectancy, females

Fitted values Fitted values
10
Adding a Title and Removing the Legend
#delimit ;
scatter le_male le_female year if year >= 1950
|| lfit le_male year if year >= 1950
|| lfit le_female year if year >= 1950
,title("US Male and Female Life Expectancy, 1950-2000")
text(75 1978 "Female", place(3))
text(68 1978 "Male", place(3))
legend(off);
#delimit cr US Male and Female Life Expectancy, 1950-2000
80
75
Female
70
Male
65
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

Year 11
Showing Confidence Intervals, Labelling Axes, Modifying Legend
sysuse lifeexp.dta, clear

#delimit ;
twoway
(lfitci lexp safewater if region == 2) /* North America */
(scatter lexp safewater if region == 2)
,title("Life expectancy at birth by access to safe water, 1998")
ytitle("Life expectancy at birth")
xtitle("Percent of population with access to safe water")
legend(ring(0) pos(5) order(2 "Linear fit" 1 "95% CI"));
#delimit cr
Life expectancy at birth by access to safe water, 1998
80
Life expectancy at birth
60 70
Linear fit 95% CI

50
20 40 60 80 100
Percent of population with access to safe water
12
Markers Labels and Subtitles
#delimit ;
twoway
(scatter lexp safewater if region == 2, mlabel(country))
subtitle("North America")
legend(ring(0) pos(5) order(2 "Linear fit" 1 "95% CI"));
#delimit cr Life expectancy at birth by access to safe water, 1998
North America
80
Canada
CubaPuerto Rico
Jamaica
Panama
Trinidad and Tobago

Mexico
Dominican Republic
70
El Salvador Honduras
Nicaragua
Guatemala
60
Haiti
Linear fit 95% CI

50
20 40 60 80 100
Percent of population with access to safe water 13
Position of Marker Labels Life expectancy at birth by access to safe water, 1998
North America
80
Canada
Cuba
Puerto Rico
Jamaica Panama

Trinidad and Tobago
Mexico
Dominican Republic
70
Honduras
El Salvador
Nicaragua
Guatemala
60
Haiti
Linear fit 95% CI
50
generate pos = 12 if country == "Panama"
replace pos = 12 if country == "Honduras" 20 40 60 80 100
replace pos = 10 if country == "Cuba"
replace pos = 9 if country == "Jamaica"
replace pos = 9 if country == "El Salvador"
replace pos = 9 if country == "Trinidad and Tobago"
replace pos = 9 if country == "Dominican Republic"
#delimit ;
twoway
(scatter lexp safewater if region == 2
, mlabel(country) mlabvposition(pos))
subtitle("North America")
legend(ring(0) pos(5) order(2 "Linear fit" 1 "95% CI"))
plotregion(margin(r+10));
#delimit cr 14
Position of Marker Labels
#delimit ;
twoway
(scatter lexp safewater if region == 2 | region == 3
,mlabel(country))
subtitle("North and South America")
plotregion(margin(r+10));
#delimit cr
North and South America
80
Canada
CubaPuerto Rico
75
Jamaica Chile
PanamaUruguay
Argentina Venezuela
Trinidad and Tobago
Mexico
Dominican Republic
70
Paraguay Ecuador Colombia

El SalvadorHonduras Peru
Nicaragua
Brazil
65
Guatemala
Bolivia
60 55
Haiti
20 40 60 80 100 15
Position of Marker North and South America
80
Labels Canada
Puerto Rico
Cuba
and
75
Jamaica Chile
Panama Uruguay

Argentina Venezuela Trinidad and Tobago
Mexico
Legend Display Dominican Republic
70
El Salvador Honduras Peru
Nicaragua
Brazil
65
Guatemala
Bolivia
60
replace pos = 9 if country == "Argentina" North America
55
replace pos = 9 if country == "Canada" South America
Haiti
replace pos = 9 if country == "Cuba"
replace pos = 9 if country == "Panama" 20 40 60 80 100
replace pos = 9 if country == "Venezuela"
replace pos = 9 if country == "Jamaica"
replace pos = 9 if country == "Dominican Republic"
replace pos = 9 if country == "Ecuador"
replace pos = 9 if country == "El Salvador"
replace pos = 12 if country == "Puerto Rico"
#delimit ;
twoway
,mlabel(country) mlabvposition(pos))
,mlabel(country) mlabvposition(pos))
legend(ring(0) pos(5) order(1 "North America" 2 "South America") cols(1));
#delimit cr 16
Marker Size and Symbol, Line Color
#delimit ;
twoway
,mlabel(country) mlabvposition(pos) msize(small))
,mlabel(country) mlabvposition(pos) msize(small) msymbol(circle_hollow))
(lfit lexp safewater if region == 2, clcolor(navy))
(lfit lexp safewater if region == 3, clcolor(maroon))
legend(ring(0) pos(5) cols(1) order(1 "North America" 2 "South America"
3 "North America linear fit" 4 "South America linear fit"));
#delimit cr
80
Canada
Puerto Rico
Cuba
75
Jamaica Chile
Panama Uruguay

Mexico
Dominican Republic
70

Nicaragua
Brazil
65
Guatemala
Bolivia
North America
60
South America
North America linear fit
55
South America linear fit

Haiti
20 40 60 80 100 17
Marker and Marker Label Color, Line Style
#delimit ;
twoway
,mlabel(country) mlabvposition(pos) msize(small) mcolor(black) mlabcolor(black))
,mlabel(country) mlabvposition(pos) msize(small) mcolor(black) mlabcolor(black)
msymbol(circle_hollow))
(lfit lexp safewater if region == 2, clcolor(black))
(lfit lexp safewater if region == 3, clcolor(black) clpattern(dash))
,title("Life expectancy at birth by access to safe water, 1998", color(black))
legend(ring(0) pos(5) cols(1) order(1 "North America" 2 "South America"
3 "North America linear fit" 4 "South America linear fit"));
#delimit cr
80
Canada
Puerto Rico
Cuba
75
Jamaica Chile
Panama Uruguay

Mexico
Dominican Republic
70

Nicaragua
Brazil
65
Guatemala
Bolivia
North America
60
South America
North America linear fit
55
South America linear fit

Haiti
20 40 60 80 100
18
By-Graph: Separate Graphs for Each Subset of Data
#delimit ;
twoway scatter lexp safewater, by(region, total)
,ytitle("Life expectancy at birth")
xtitle("Percent of population with access to safe
water");
#delimit cr Eur & C.Asia N.A.
80
70
60
50
S.A. Total
80
70
60
50
20 40 60 80 100 20 40 60 80 100
Graphs by Region 19
By-Graph Options
#delimit ;
twoway scatter lexp safewater
,by(region,total style(compact)
title("Life expectancy by access to safe water") note(""))
xtitle("Percent of population with access to safe water");
#delimit cr
Life expectancy by access to safe water

Eur & C.Asia N.A.
80
70
60
50
S.A. Total
80
70
60
50
20 40 60 80 10020 40 60 80 100
Axis Scale, Ticks and Labels
#delimit ;
twoway scatter lexp safewater
, by(region,total style(compact)
title("Life expectancy by access to safe water") note(""))
xscale(range(20 100))
xtick(20(10)100)
xlabel(30(10)100, labsize(small))
ylabel(55(5)80, angle(0));
#delimit cr
Eur & C.Asia N.A.
80
75
70
65
60
55
S.A. Total
80
75
70
65
60
55
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
21
Storing Graphs in Memory
#delimit ;
twoway
(scatter lexp safewater if region == 2,
mcolor(black) msize(small)
mlabel(country) mlabvposition(pos) mlabcolor(black))
,name(north_america, replace)
subtitle("North America", color(black))
ylabel(,angle(0))
legend(off);
North America
#delimit cr 80
Canada
Puerto Rico
Cuba
75 Jamaica
Panama
Trinidad and Tobago

Mexico
Dominican Republic
70
El Salvador
Honduras Nicaragua
65
Guatemala
60
55
Haiti
20 40 60 80 100 22
Storing Graphs in Memory
#delimit ;
twoway
(scatter lexp_sa safewater if region == 3,
mcolor(black) msize(small)
mlabel(country) mlabvposition(pos) mlabcolor(black))
,name(south_america, replace)
subtitle("South America", color(black))
ylabel(, angle(0))
legend(off);
#delimit cr South America
75 Chile
Uruguay
Argentina Venezuela
70 Paraguay Ecuador Colombia

Peru
Brazil
65
Bolivia
60
40 50 60 70 80 90 23
Combining Graphs
#delimit ;
graph combine north_america south_america
,title("Life expectancy by access to safe water", color(black)) col(1);
#delimit cr
North America
80
Canada
Puerto Rico
Cuba
75 Jamaica Panama
Trinidad
Mexico and Tobago
Dominican Republic
70 El Salvador Nicaragua
Honduras
65 Guatemala
60
55 Haiti
20 40 60 80 100
South America
75 Chile
Uruguay
Argentina Venezuela

Peru
Brazil
65
Bolivia
60
40 50 60 70 80 90
24
Combining 80
North America
Canada
Puerto Rico
Graphs 75 Jamaica
Panama
Cuba

Trinidad and Tobago
Mexico
Dominican Republic
70
El Salvador
#delimit ; Honduras Nicaragua
graph combine north_america south_america
65
,title Guatemala
("Life expectancy by access to safe water",
color(black)) 60
xcommon ycommon
xsize(7) ysize(10.5)
col(1); 55
Haiti
#delimit cr
20 40 60 80 100
South America
80
75 Chile
Uruguay
Argentina Venezuela

Peru
Brazil
65
Bolivia
60
55
20 40 60 80 100
Saving Stata Graphs
save graph in portable format (format determined by filename extension)
vector formats contain drawing instructions (.wmf .emf .ps .eps .pdf)
resolution independent
work well if graph my be resized
graph export north_america.wmf
raster formats save graph pixel-by-pixel (.png)

use current resolution
work well if including graph on web pages
graph export north_america.png
26
Country Level Data
clear
input str14 country tvhome birth5years idealnum age1stbirth school agemarriage
bangladesh 33.9 .6 2.3 17.7 4.5 15.2
bolivia 74.8 .8 2.6 20.3 7.6 20.1
colombia 93.4 .4 2.4 20.7 8.6 20.3
dr 83 .5 3.2 19.9 8.6 18.3
egypt 95.9 .7 2.9 21.3 7.3 19.7
haiti 27.9 .8 3.2 20.7 4.3 19.4
india 47.9 .6 2.4 19.2 4.3 17.1
indonesia 74 .5 2.8 20.7 7.5 19.3
morocco 66.6 .7 3.3 21.4 2.7 19.6
nepal 50.7 .6 2.2 19.6 3.6 17.4
pakistan 57.8 .9 4.1 20.5 2.8 18.4
peru 78.1 .6 2.5 21.1 8.8 20.6
end
label variable tvhome "TV at home (%)"
label variable school "years of school"
label variable birth5years "births in last 5 years"
label variable idealnum "ideal number of children"
label variable age1stbirth "age at first birth"
label variable school "years of school"
label variable agemarriage "age at first marriage“
Data source: Westoff, Charles F., et. al. In preparation. Leading Indicators of Changes in Fertility in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Demographic and Health Surveys, DHS Analytical Studies. ICF International, Calverton, MD, USA.
27
#delimit ;
Creating a Matrix of Scatterplots
local note "Source: Most recent DHS std survey: bangladesh bolivia colombia dr egypt haiti india indonesia morocco nepal pakistan peru, as of 5/2013";
graph matrix school tvhome idealnum agemarriage age1stbirth birth5years,
half note("`note'", size(vsmall));
#delimit cr
years
of
school
100
TV at
50 home
(%)
0
4
ideal
3 number of
children
2
20
age at
18 first
marriage
16
22
age at
20 first
birth
18
1
.8 births in
last 5
.6 years
.4
2 4 6 8 0 50 1002 3 4 16 18 20 18 20 22
Source: Most recent DHS std survey: bangladesh bolivia colombia dr egypt haiti india indonesia morocco nepal pakistan peru, as of 5/2013
28
Using Loops to Create Many Graphs
#delimit ;
local sample MARRIED;
local note "Source: Most recent DHS standard survey, as of 5/2013“;
foreach x in school tvhome {;
foreach y in idealnum agemarriage age1stbirth birth5years {;
twoway scatter `y' `x', mlabel(country) mlabsize(large)
ylabel(, angle(0)) note("`note'") name("`x'_`y'", replace);
graph export `x'_`y'_`sample'_mostrecent.emf, replace;
};
}; pakistan
4
#delimit cr
ideal number of children
3.5
morocco
haiti dr
3
egypt
indonesia
bolivia
2.5 peru
india colombia
bangladesh
nepal
2
2 4 6 8 10
years of school
Source: Most recent DHS standard survey, as of 5/2013
29
Country Level Data: Time 1, Time 2
clear
input str14 country school1 school2 agemarriage1 agemarriage2
bangladesh 3.3 4.5 14.8 15.2
bolivia 6.9 7.6 19.8 20.1
colombia 7.9 8.6 20.3 20.3
dr 7.9 8.6 18.3 18.3
egypt 5.5 7.3 18.9 19.7
haiti 3.1 4.3 19.6 19.4
india 3.6 4.3 16.9 17.1
indonesia 5.9 7.5 18.1 19.3
morocco 1.6 2.7 18.7 19.6
nepal 2.4 3.6 16.9 17.4
pakistan 1.5 2.8 17.9 18.4
peru 8.1 8.8 20.2 20.6
end
Data source: Westoff, Charles F., et. al. In preparation. Leading Indicators of Changes in Fertility in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Demographic and Health Surveys, DHS Analytical Studies. ICF International, Calverton, MD, USA.
30
Displaying Changes
local sample MARRIED
22
local x school
local y agemarriage
local note "Source: Two most recent DHS peru
colombia
standard surveys, as of 5/2013" 20 morocco
bolivia
egypt
local xtitle "years of school" haiti indonesia
age at marriage
local ytitle "age at marriage"
local ylabel ", angle(0)" pakistan dr
gen pos = 3 18
nepal
replace pos = 12 if country == "morocco" india
#delimit ;
twoway pcarrow `y'1 `x'1 `y'2 `x'2, 16
barbsize(1) lcolor(black) mcolor(black)
bangladesh
|| scatter `y'2 `x'2, mcolor(none)
mlabel(country) mlabvposition(pos)
|| scatter `y'1 `x'1, msym(o) 14
mcolor(black) msize(small) 2 4 6 8 10
note("`note'", size(vsmall)) years of school
Source: Two most recent DHS standard surveys, as of 5/2013
ytitle("`ytitle'") xtitle("`xtitle'")
ylabel(`ylabel')
legend(off);
#delimit cr
31
Histogram
set scheme s2mono
sysuse nlsw88.dta, clear
keep if age >=40 | age <= 44
#delimit ;
twoway histogram wage if wage <= 20, percent fcolor(gs12) lcolor(gs12) bin(30)
title("Hourly Wage Distribution, Women 40-44")
note("Source: Stata 12 NLSW 1988 extract", span)
ylabel(, angle(0));
#delimit cr
Hourly Wage Distribution, Women 40-44
6
Percent
0
0 5 10 15 20
hourly wage
Source: Stata 12 NLSW 1988 extract
32
Overlaying Histograms
#delimit ;
twoway histogram wage if union == 1 & wage <= 20,
percent fcolor(gs12) lcolor(gs12) bin(30) ||
histogram wage if union == 0 & wage <= 20,
percent fcolor(none) lcolor(black) bin(30)
title("Hourly Wage Distribution by Union Status, Women 40-44")
note("Source: Stata 12 NLSW 1988 extract", span) ylabel(, angle(0))
legend(ring(0) pos(1) cols(1) order(1 "Union" 2 "Non-Union"));
#delimit cr
Hourly Wage Distribution by Union Status, Women 40-44

10
Union
Non-Union
8
6
Percent
0
0 5 10 15 20
hourly wage
33
Boxplot
#delimit ;
graph box wage if age >= 40 & age <= 44, over(race)
title("Hourly Wage by Race, Women 40-44 (n=918)")
note("Source: Stata 12 NLSW 1988 extract")
ylabel(, angle(0));
#delimit cr
Hourly Wage by Race, Women 40-44 (n=918)

40
30
hourly wage
20
10
0
white black other
34
Scatter and Categorical Variable
#delimit ;
twoway scatter wage race if age >= 40 & age <= 44,
xlabel(1 "white" 2 "black" 3 "other")
xtitle("") xscale(range(0.5 3.5))
ylabel(, angle(0));
#delimit cr
40
30
hourly wage
20
10
0
white black other
35
Scatter with Jitter and Categorical Variable
#delimit ;
twoway scatter wage race if age >= 40 & age <= 44,
jitter(25) msize(tiny) mcolor(gs5)
xlabel(1 "white" 2 "black" 3 "other", noticks)
xtitle("") xscale(range(0.5 3.5)) ylabel(, angle(0));
#delimit cr
40
30
hourly wage
20
10
0
white black other
36
egen median = median(wage),
egen upq
by(race)
= pctile(wage), p(75) by(race)
Using twoway rbar
egen loq = pctile(wage), p(25) by(race)
egen iqr = iqr(wage), by(race)
#delimit ;
twoway rbar med upq race, barwidth(0.7) blc(black) bfc(none) lwidth(medthick) ||
rbar med loq race, barwidth(0.7) blc(black) bfc(none) lwidth(medthick)
xlabel(1 "white" 2 "black" 3 "other", noticks) xtitle("")
xscale(range(0.5 3.5))
yscale(range(0 42)) Hourly Wage by Race, Women 40-44 (n=918)
ylabel(0 (10) 40, angle(0))
40
ytitle("hourly wage")
legend(off);
#delimit cr 30
hourly wage
20
10
0
white black other
37
egen median = median(wage), by(race) Boxplot with Scatter
egen upq = pctile(wage), p(75) by(race)
#delimit ;
twoway scatter wage race, jitter(25) msize(tiny) mcolor(gs9) ||
rbar med upq race, barwidth(0.70) blc(black) bfc(none) lwidth(medthick)||
rbar med loq race, barwidth(0.70) blc(black) bfc(none) lwidth(medthick)
40
legend(off);
#delimit cr
30
hourly wage
20
10
0
white black other
38
egen median = median(wage), by(race)
egen upq
egen loq
Boxplot with Whiskers
egen upper = max(min(wage, upq + 1.5 * iqr)), by(race)
and Scatter
egen lower = min(max(wage, loq - 1.5 * iqr)), by(race)
#delimit ;
rbar med upq race, barwidth(0.70) blc(black) bfc(none) lwidth(medthick) ||
rbar med loq race, barwidth(0.70) blc(black) bfc(none) lwidth(medthick) ||
rspike upq upper race, lwidth(medthick) ||
rspike loq lower race, lwidth(medthick)
ytitle("hourly wage") 40
legend(off);
#delimit cr
30
hourly wage
20
10
0
white black other
Source: Stata 12 NLSW 1988 extract 39
egen median = median(wage),
egen upq
by(race)
= pctile(wage), p(75) by(race) Boxplot with Whiskers,
egen upper = max(min(wage, upq + 1.5 * iqr)), by(race)
Caps and Scatter
#delimit ;
rcap loq lower race, lcolor(black) msize(*4) lwidth(medthick) ||
rcap upq upper race, lcolor(black) msize(*4) lwidth(medthick)
yscale(range(0 42))
ytitle("hourly wage") Hourly Wage by Race, Women 40-44 (n=918)
legend(off);
#delimit cr 40
30
hourly wage
20
10
0
white black other 40
egen median = median(wage), by(race)
egen upq
egen loq
Boxplot with
egen upper = max(min(wage, upq + 1.5 * iqr)), by(race) Whiskers, Caps,
egen mean = mean(wage), by(race)
#delimit ;
Scatter and Means
scatter mean race, msymbol(D) mcolor(black) msize(small) ||
rcap loq lower race, lcolor(black) msize(*4) lwidth(medthick) ||
rcap upq upper race, lcolor(black) msize(*4) lwidth(medthick)
yscale(range(0 42))
ylabel(0 (10) 40, angle(0)) Hourly Wage by Race, Women 40-44 (n=918)
40
legend(off);
#delimit cr
30
hourly wage
20
10
0
white black other
Source: Stata 12 NLSW 1988 extract 41
#delimit ;
Bar Graph
graph bar (mean) wage,
over(union) over(married) over(collgrad)
blabel(bar, format(%9.2f)) yscale(off)
title("1988 Mean Hourly Wage of Women Age 40-44")
subtitle("by union status, marital status, and college graduation")
note("Source: Stata 12 NLSW 1988 extract", span);
#delimit cr
1988 Mean Hourly Wage of Women Age 40-44
by union status, marital status, and college graduation
11.41
10.64
9.82 10.00
8.04
7.66
6.41 6.35
single married single married

not college grad college grad
nonunion union
Graph based on example shown in Stata Graphics Reference Manual, Release 12, page 58.
42
Horizontal Bar Graph Personal Services

Ag/Forestry/Fisheries
Wholesale/Retail Trade
Entertainment/Rec Svc
#delimit ; Professional Services
graph hbar wage, over(ind, sort(1)) Construction
over(collgrad) not college grad
Business/Repair Svc
title("1988 Mean Hourly Wage of Women Manufacturing
Age 40-44", span size(med))
Public Administration
note("Source: Stata 12 NLSW 1988
Finance/Ins/Real Estate
extract", span)
Transport/Comm/Utility
nofill ytitle("") ysize(8);
Mining
#delimit cr
Personal Services
Professional Services
college grad Business/Repair Svc
Manufacturing
Construction
Graph based on example shown in Stata Graphics Reference 0 5 10 15 20

Manual, Release 12, page 70.
Dot Plot Personal Services

#delimit ; Professional Services
graph dot wage, over(ind, sort(1)) Construction
over(collgrad) not college grad
Business/Repair Svc
title("1988 Mean Hourly Wage of Women
Manufacturing
Age 40-44", span size(med))
note("Source: Stata 12 NLSW 1988
extract", span)
nofill ytitle("") ysize(8); Transport/Comm/Utility
#delimit cr Mining
Personal Services
college grad Business/Repair Svc
Manufacturing
Construction
0 5 10 15 20
Upper and Lower Quartile of Hourly Wage
Women Age 40-44, by College Graduation Status, 1988
Personal Services
Dot Plot with 2 Variables Ag/Forestry/Fisheries
#delimit ; Manufacturing
graph dot (p25) wage (p75) wage, Business/Repair Svc
over(ind, sort(2)) over(collgrad) not college grad Construction
title("Upper and Lower Quartile of Public Administration
Hourly Wage", span) Entertainment/Rec Svc
subtitle("Women Age 40-44, by College Finance/Ins/Real Estate
Graduation Status, 1988", span) Transport/Comm/Utility
note("Source: Stata 12 NLSW 1988 Mining
extract", span)
nofill ytitle("") ysize(8) xsize(6) Personal Services
legend(off); Ag/Forestry/Fisheries
#delimit cr Wholesale/Retail Trade
college grad Public Administration
Business/Repair Svc
Manufacturing
Construction
0 10 20 30
Population Data
agegrp maletotal femtotal

1. Under 5 9,810,733 9,365,065
2. 5 to 9 10,523,277 10,026,228
3. 10 to 14 10,520,197 10,007,875
4. 15 to 19 10,391,004 9,828,886
5. 20 to 24 9,687,814 9,276,187
6. 25 to 29 9,798,760 9,582,576
7. 30 to 34 10,321,769 10,188,619
8. 35 to 39 11,318,696 11,387,968
9. 40 to 44 11,129,102 11,312,761
10. 45 to 49 9,889,506 10,202,898
11. 50 to 54 8,607,724 8,977,824
12. 55 to 59 6,508,729 6,960,508
13. 60 to 64 5,136,627 5,668,820
14. 65 to 69 4,400,362 5,133,183
15. 70 to 74 3,902,912 4,954,529
16. 75 to 79 3,044,456 4,371,357
17. 80 to 84 1,834,897 3,110,470
46
Population Pyramid using twoway bar
sysuse pop2000, clear
replace maletotal = -maletotal
#delimit ;
twoway bar maletotal agegrp, horizontal ||
bar femtotal agegrp, horizontal
title("US Male and Female Population by Age, Year 2000")
note("Source: US Census Bureau, Census 2000, Tables 1, 2 and 3", span);
#delimit cr
US Male and Female Population by Age, Year 2000
20 15
Age category
105
0
-10,000,000 -5,000,000 0 5,000,000 10,000,000
Male Total Female Total

Source: US Census Bureau, Census 2000, Tables 1, 2 and 3
47
Graph based on example shown in Stata Graphics Reference Manual, Release 12, pages 189-191.
Population Pyramid:
replace maletotal = maletotal / 1000000
replace femtotal = femtotal / 1000000
Axis Labels
#delimit ;
twoway bar maletotal agegrp, horizontal ||
bar femtotal agegrp, horizontal
note("Source: US Census Bureau, Census 2000, Tables 1, 2 and 3", span)
xtitle("Population in Millions") ytitle("Age Group Number")
xlabel( -12 "12" -10 "10" -8 "8" -6 "6" -4 "4" 4(2)12)
ylabel(1(1)17, angle(0))
legend(order(1 "Male" 2 "Female"));
#delimit cr
17
16
15
14
Age Group Number
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
12 10 8 6 4 4 6 8 10 12
Population in Millions
Male Female
48
replace maletotal = maletotal / 1000000
Population Pyramid:
replace femtotal = femtotal / 1000000
gen zero = 0
Age Group Labels
#delimit ;
twoway bar maletotal agegrp, horizontal bfc(gs7) blc(gs7) ||
bar femtotal agegrp, horizontal bfc(gs11) blc(gs11) ||
scatter agegrp zero, mlabel(agegrp) mlabcolor(black) msymbol(none)
note("Source: US Census Bureau, Census 2000, Tables 1, 2 and 3", span)
xtitle("Population in Millions") ytitle("Age Group Number")
ytitle("") yscale(noline) ylabel(none)
xlabel( -12 "12" -10 "10" -8 "8" -6 "6" -4 "4" 4(2)12)
legend(off) text(15 -8 "Male") text(15 8 "Female");
#delimit cr
80 to 84
75 to 79
Male 70 to 74 Female
65 to 69
60 to 64
55 to 59
50 to 54
45 to 49
40 to 44
35 to 39
30 to 34
25 to 29
20 to 24
15 to 19
10 to 14
5 to 9
Under 5
12 10 8 6 4 4 6 8 10 12
Population in Millions 49

Stata 12 Graphics: Dawn Koffman Office of Population Research Princeton University June 2013

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Stata 12 Graphics: Dawn Koffman Office of Population Research Princeton University June 2013

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Stata 12 Graphics

Stata Graphics References:

appearance of graph defined by graph elements:

sysuse uslifeexp.dta, clear

twoway line le year 60

line le year 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000

line le year, scheme(economist) 70

to change default scheme:

line le_wmale le_wfemale le_bmale le_bfemale year

1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000

Life expectancy, white males Life expectancy, white females

1918 Influenza Pandemic

1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000

Life expectancy, white males Life expectancy, white females

twoway 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

scatter le year if year >= 1925 ///

life expectancy Fitted values

scatter le year if year >= 1925

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

Life expectancy, males Life expectancy, females

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

sysuse lifeexp.dta, clear

Linear fit 95% CI

Trinidad and Tobago

Linear fit 95% CI

Life expectancy at birth

Linear fit 95% CI

Paraguay Ecuador Colombia

Life expectancy at birth

Legend Display Dominican Republic

Argentina Venezuela Trinidad and Tobago

Paraguay Ecuador Colombia

South America linear fit

Argentina Venezuela Trinidad and Tobago

Paraguay Ecuador Colombia

South America linear fit

Life expectancy by access to safe water

Trinidad and Tobago

70 Paraguay Ecuador Colombia

70 Paraguay Ecuador Colombia

Life expectancy at birth

70 Paraguay Ecuador Colombia

save graph in portable format (format determined by filename extension)

graph export north_america.wmf

raster formats save graph pixel-by-pixel (.png)

graph export north_america.png

Hourly Wage Distribution by Union Status, Women 40-44

Hourly Wage by Race, Women 40-44 (n=918)

single married single married

Horizontal Bar Graph Personal Services

Graph based on example shown in Stata Graphics Reference 0 5 10 15 20

Dot Plot Personal Services

agegrp maletotal femtotal

-10,000,000 -5,000,000 0 5,000,000 10,000,000

Male Total Female Total

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