Q1) Examine the three major problems created as a

result of indiscriminate utilisation of natural

resources.
ANS- First depletion oF resources overutilization has
lead to depletion oF resources For meeting the greedy
oF new individual
second concentration oF resource this is divided the
society into have and have not and rich and poor
third global economic crisis over utilisation oF
resources have lead to the global ecological crisis
such as global warming depletion oF ozone layer
pollution and land degradation etc.

Q2) . Mention any three features of arid soil.

ANS- Features oF arid soil are listed below : -

1. it is the soil Formed by the river when it

overFlows From its bank.

2. it is the most Fertile soil.

3. it is Found in north oF india and have growing

speed more than the normal one and best in
cultivation.
Q3) . What is regur soil? Write its two features.
Mention two regions where they are found.
ANS) black soil is also called regur soil. it is
black in color and ideal For growing cotton.
the Features oF the soil are :

a. it is rich in soil nutrients like calcium

carbonate, magnesium, potash, and lime,
but poor in phosphoric content.
b. b. it develops deep crack during hot
weather, helping in proper aeration oF the
soil.

it is Found in the plateau areas oF

maharashtra, gujarat, madhya pradesh, and
chhattisgarh as well as in the godavari and
krishna valleys.
Q4) How can you contribute to minimize the
pollution? Explain?
ANS- we can contribute to minimize the pollution
by:
(i) planting more plants and trees.
(ii) using non-conventional sources oF energy
such as solar and wind energy.
(iii) using public transport instead oF personal
car/ motor bike etc.
(iv) saving water and electricity.

there are certain methods which could help

minimise pollution and should be adopted by
every individual.
1. car pool or bike pool : this means sharing a
vehicle with people who travel by same route.
2. use public transport: use public transport
services as much as you can.
3. avoid using polythene bags: use carry bags
made oF biodegradable material.
4. keep your surroundings clean: don't litter in
public places. throw the waste into dustbins.
Q5) Name the soil type which is widely found in
western Rajasthan. Explain two important
characteristics ofthis type of soil type which make it
unsuitable for cultivation.
ANS- the soil which is widely Found in rajasthan
is arid soil..

Following are its characteristics :

1) it consists very high kankar nodules due

to increasing calcium content downward
2) it is brown - yellow in its colour .
3) it is diFFicult to cultivate anything on this
type oF soil , but cultivation can be
encouraged aFter proper irrigation . For
example - western rajasthan.

Q6) Distinguish between red and laterite soils,

stating five points of distinction.
ANS)RED SOIL- 1) red soil is Formed due to
weathering oF igneous and metamorphic rocks.
2) it is highly porous and less Fertile but where
it is deep it is Fertile.
3) it is less crystalline.
 4) it is red in colour due to the presence oF iron
in it.
5)they occur in parts oF tamil nadu, karnataka,
andhra pradesh, orissa and jharkhand.

Q7) . Mention any two human activities which are

responsible for the process of soil erosion. Explain
the twotypes of soil erosion mostly observed in
India.
ANS) the activities are deForestation and
overgrazing.

 soil erosion reFers to the stripping oFF oF a

Field's topsoil and is a naturally occurring
phenomenon that aFFects all landForms. the
reasons include -

1. deForestation - it occurs when vast areas oF

Forest are cleared, leaving an open, exposed
landscape. the soil is loose and easy to erode
without tree roots to hold the soil structure in
place.
2. overgrazing - it happens when animals like
sheep, cows, or goats are in excess on the Farm.
by consuming vegetation and then digging into
wet soil or compacting dry soil with hooves, the
animals do damage to the soil surFace.
 the two types oF soil erosion Found in india are
-

1. guilles
2. sheet erosion
Q8) Describe any three measures of controlling land
degradation.
ANS) (i) aFForestation and proper management
oF grazing can help to some extent.
(ii) planting oF shelter belts, control on
overgrazing, stabilisation oF sand dune by
growing thorny bushes.
(iii) contour ploughing is another step to
conserve land. the Fields are ploughed,
harrowed and sown along the natural contour
oF the hills..
Q9)Mention three physical factors as well as three human
factors which determine the use of land in India.
ANS) the three physical Factors that determine
the use oF land in india, are:
• deserts: the arid areas which have extreme
temperatures, i.e., "extremely hot" during
the day and "extremely cold" during
the night because oF the sand.
• Forests: the land that is covered in Forests.
• seas: the land that is covered in water.
the three human Factors that determine the use
oF land in india, are:
• mining: some oF the land is used For mining
purposes.
• buildings: the buildings are constructed For
living.
• industries: land is put to use For industrial
purposes.

Q10) Explain the types of resources on the basis of

exhaustibility.
ANS)On the basis of exhaustibility, the resources are of two types
as mentioned below:
(i) renewable resources: these can be renewed
or reproduced by physical, chemical or
mechanical process. examples are solar and
wind energy, water and Forests. the renewable
resources may Further be divided into
continuous or Flow and biological. continuous or
Flow resources are wind and water. biological
resources are vegetation (Forests) and
wildliFe.
(ii) non-renewable resources: they exhaust and
take millions oF years in their Formation.
examples are minerals and Fossil Fuels. some oF
the resources like metals are recyclable and
some like Fossil Fuels cannot be recycled and
get exhausted with their use.

Q11) Explain the importance of conservation of

resources.
ANS) natural resources are something which
comes From nature and people cannot make
natural resources, but they can collect it.
natural resources are the boon oF nature to
mankind. resources like wood, stones, lead,
metals, air and many more are classiFied under
natural resources. natural resources are
obtained directly From the earth. man-made
objects use these resources For their beneFits.
now let us know what are natural resources.