8SC3 

Chemistry Revision.notebook June 21, 2021

8Sc3 Revision Booklet: Chemistry

Contents:
Acid and Alkalis
Indicators
Neutralisation
Rate of Reactions

Name........................................................
Class ......................................................
Teacher .....................................................

C1.1 Distinguish between the terms acid, alkali and base.
C1.2 Classify metal and non metal oxides as acidic or basic 
C1.3 Recall the names and formulae of common laboratory acids and alkalis and 
bases .
C1.4 Investigate the pH of acids, alkalis and neutral solutions found in the 
laboratory and the home.
C1.5a) Describe the colours of universal and litmus indicators in acidic, neutral or 
alkaline solutions.
C1.5b) Predict the pH of unknown solutions by analysing indicator colours
C1.6 Explain how indicators can be used to identify if a substance is neutral/ 
acid/ alkaline
C1.7 Suggest the relative strength of an acid/ alkali and its pH by analysing 
colour changes of indicators
C1.9 Describe the method used to make a red cabbage indicator 
C1.10 Define the term reactants and products
C1.11 Explain what is meant by the term neutralisation reaction.
C1.12 Recall the general equation for the reaction of an acid and an alkali or 
base 
C1.13 Applying knowledge of the general equation predict the salt formed in 
neutralisation reactions.
C1.14 Recall the general equation for the reaction of an acid and a metal 
carbonate.
C1.15 Applying knowledge of the general equation of acids and metal carbonates 
predict the salts formed in the reactions of named acids and metal carbonates.
 C1.16 Suggest the role of HCl in the stomach 
C1.17 Explain how indigestion tables have their effect 
C1.18 Investigate the effectiveness of different indigestion remedies (PCA) 
C1.19a Devise a practical to assess the effectiveness of different indigestion 
remedies
C1.26 State that some reactions occur slowly while others can occur rapidly 
C1.27 Explain what is meant by the term rate and suggest how it can be 
measured

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8SC3 Chemistry Revision.notebook June 21, 2021

Title: Chemistry Revision

Starter

1) Identify the different stages of the menstrual 
cycle. (3)

2) Explain how the small intestine is adapted to 
carrying out its function. (3)

3) Explain what happens when deoxygenated 
blood passes over the alveoli. (2)

MWB

Produces OH- (hydroxide) ions in

water.
Acid

a substance that produces H+ ions

Alkali

a substance that can neutralise an

acid but does not dissolve in water.
Base

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8SC3 Chemistry Revision.notebook June 21, 2021

Acids and Alkali Revision

MWB
Match the formula to the correct substance

Hydrochloric acid HNO3

Sodium hydroxide HCl

Nitric acid MgO

Sulfuric acid Ca(OH)2

Calcium hydroxide NaOH

Magnesium oxide H2SO4

Acids and Alkali Revision

MWB

Acid Alkali Base

H2SO4 MgO HCl

NaOH MgCO3

HNO3 Ca(OH)2

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8SC3 Chemistry Revision.notebook June 21, 2021

Practice
Q1. State the ion an acid produces

Q2. Explain the difference between an alkali and a base

Q3. Write the formula for the following:

a) NaOH c) H2SO4
b) CaCO3 d) HNO3

pH scale
A pH scale is used to measure the strengths of acids, alkalis
and bases

MWB
State the range of pH of acids

State the range of pH of bases

State the pH of a neutral substance

Describe the relationship between pH and H+ ions

The higher the pH, the more alkaline a 
substance is e.g. pH 12 is more alkaline 
than pH 8.

The lower the pH, the more acidic a 
substance is e.g. pH 2 is more acidic 
than pH 6.

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8SC3 Chemistry Revision.notebook June 21, 2021

Indicators change colour when added to an acidic,

neutral or basic solution
Universal Indicator Litmus Paper Red Cabbage
acid- red/orange/yellow
acid- red/pink/lilac
neutral- green If blue and dipped in
neutral, stays blue
alkali- blue/purple neutral-purple
If red and dipped in
acid, stays red

two types
alkali- green/yellow

MWB
Acid or alkali?

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8SC3 Chemistry Revision.notebook June 21, 2021

Practice

Q1. A student uses universal indicator paper to test the

pH of substances.

a) The universal indicator turns yellow in solution. What

is the pH of this substance? (1)
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b) The student tests common household items. Her

results are below. Complete the table.

Exam Questions

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8SC3 Chemistry Revision.notebook June 21, 2021

Exam Questions

Exam Questions

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8SC3 Chemistry Revision.notebook June 21, 2021

Extension
Q1.. Apply your understanding of indicators and describe
different ways scientists can test for acids and alkalis. (6)

Define a neutralisation reaction:

a chemical reaction where an acid is added to a base to

produce a salt and water.

Salt: a compound that contains a metal and a non-metal

with no overall charge e.g. NaCl KBr

State the pH of the products of a neutralisation reaction

pH 7

What could be used to measure the pH of the products?

- indicator -pH probe

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8SC3 Chemistry Revision.notebook June 21, 2021

MWB

Hydrochloric acid makes _________ salt

Sulphuric acid makes ___________ salt

Nitric acid makes __________ salt

There are different types of neutralisation

reaction:

1. using metal hydroxides

State the general word equation for a neutralisation

reaction using a metal hydroxide.

general word equation: Acid + base → salt + water

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8SC3 Chemistry Revision.notebook June 21, 2021

There are different types of neutralisation

reaction:

1. using metal carbonates

State the general word equation for a neutralisation

reaction using a metal carbonate

general word equation: Acid + base → salt + water + carbon dioxide

MWB

sodium + Hydrochloric
hydroxide acid

sodium + sulphuric acid +

carbonate

calcium + nitric acid +

hydroxide

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8SC3 Chemistry Revision.notebook June 21, 2021

Practice

For each reaction write a completed word equation:

1. hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide
2. sulphuric acid + calcium carbonate
3. nitric acid + sodium hydroxide
4. sulfuric acid + zinc hydroxide
5. nitric acid + potassium carbonate
6. hydrochloric acid + magnesium carbonate

7. Q1. sodium chloride + water

8. Q2.calcium sulfate + water + carbon dioxide
9. Q3. sodium nitrate + water
10. Q4. Zinc sulfate + water
11. Q5. potassium nitrate + water + carbon dioxide
12. Q6. magnesium chlordie + water + carbon dioxide

Ext: write a balanced symbol equation for each

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8SC3 Chemistry Revision.notebook June 21, 2021

Collision Theory

For a chemical reaction to occur molecules must

collide with enough energy to overcome the
activation energy

- This depends on the number of collisions and the

energy of the collisions

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8SC3 Chemistry Revision.notebook June 21, 2021

What is meant by a rate of reaction?

i.e the speed at which reactants are turned into products

What are some factors that affect reaction rate?

- concentration

- surface area

- temperature

- catalyst

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8SC3 Chemistry Revision.notebook June 21, 2021

Concentration
Increasing concentration ........................................ the chance
of collision and so ................................................... the rate of
reaction

Temperature
Increasing temperature ...................................... the amount of
energy molecules have and so the frequency of
collisions ...................................... and the number of molecules
that have energy ..................................... than the activation
energy increases. Therefore, the rate of
reaction ............................ as there are more successful collisions

Pressure
Increasing the pressure ................ the rate of reaction because
the reactant particles are .............. .....................The frequency of
collisions between reactant particles ..................................... the
rate of reaction ............................

Surface area
Increasing surface area ..........................................the chance
of collision and so ............................................ the rate of
reaction

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8SC3 Chemistry Revision.notebook June 21, 2021

Exam Practice

A student investigated the reaction between zinc and

sulfuric acid.

They carried out two experiments. The same mass of zinc

and the same sized pieces of zinc were used in the
experiment.

The results are shown in the table.

Evaluate these results, explaining the reasons why the

rate of reaction in experiment 2 is faster than the rate
of reaction in experiment 1. In your answer you should
refer to the frequency and energy of collisions between
particles.

A model answer that gained 6 marks

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8SC3 Chemistry Revision.notebook June 21, 2021

A model answer that gained 6 marks

RED CABBAGE if time

MWB
Red cabbage can be boiled and added to solutions to
determine the pH of a solution

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8SC3 Chemistry Revision.notebook June 21, 2021

MWB
3,5,4,7,1,2,6
Reorder the steps in the method:

1. Continue to boil the red cabbage in the water for about 5

minutes. The water should turn blue or green.
2. Turn off the Bunsen burner and allow the beaker to cool
for a few minutes.
3
3. Measure about 50 cm of tap water in a beaker.
4. Place the beaker on the wire gauze and heat the water
until it just begins to boil.

5. Set up a Bunsen burner, heat proof mat, tripod stand, and

gauze.
6. Set up a conical flask with a filter and filter paper. Filter
the mixture and collect the liquid in the flask.
7. Add 3 or 4 small (5 cm) pieces of red cabbage to the
boiling water.
8. Add two drops of acid, alkali and water into 3 different
wells as well as one drop of red cabbage. Record the colour.
9. Add two drops of acid, alkali and water into another 3
different wells. Add a drop of universal indicator. Record
the colour.

MWB
Match each piece of equipment to its function:

a) solutions with known pH

1. Bunsen burner values to test the indicator

b) changes colour when added

2. dropper pipette to solutions of different pH

3. hydrochloric acid and c) heats the red cabbage

sodium hydroxide solution solution

d) transfers the solutions to

4. red cabbage indicator
the spotting tile

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8SC3 Chemistry Revision.notebook June 21, 2021

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