Assignment 1: Load Calculation

BM3102A Anatomy and control

October 8, 2020

Merel Heijl 4831969

Gianna Eeken 4729234
Lieke Linthorst 4675541

Q1 Free body diagram

Assumptions:
o Scale = 1:13.7 cm (measured using the length of the line 1 m)
o No friction between the man and the floor
o The spinal column can be considered a rigid body and the force is applied at a point
at ⅔ of its length from the sacrum and forming an angle of 12° with the column (Book:
Muscle Force, Authors: Emico Okuno and Luciano Fratin)
o Situation 1: The angle between the spinal column and the vertical line through point O
is measured 50° 
o Situation 2: The angle between the spinal column and the horizontal line through
point O is measured 45° 
o The spinal column is measured 52 cm
o Based on the article Fosbury Flop - The Art of High Jumping, the starting point of Fg is
determined (https://gmsciencein.com/2018/02/20/fosbury-flop/)

FBD situation 1
FBD situation 2

Situation 1:
L1 = 0.05 m 
L2 = 0.15 m 
L3 = 0.40 m 
L4 = 0.01 m 
L5 = 0.06 m
L6 = 0.26 m
L7 = 0.23 m
L8 = 0.23 m
L9 = 0.02 m
L10 = 0.02 m

Situation 2:
L1 = 0.15 m 
L2 = 0.21 m 
L3 = 0.55 m 
L4 = 0.25 m 
L5 = 0.21 m
L6 = 0.14 m
L7 = 0.23 m
L8 = 0.23 m
L9 = 0.02 m
L10 = 0.02 m
F g=80 ( 9.81 )=784.8 N
F b=20 ( 9.81 )=196.4 N

∑ F y =F N −F g−F b =0
F N =F g + Fb =80 ( 9.81 ) +20 ( 9.81 )=981 N

Q2
Situation 1

∑ M O ,e =F N L1−F g L2−Fb L3=981 ( 0.05 ) −784.8 ( 0.15 )−196.4 ( 0.40 ) =−147 Nm

External flexion

Situation 2
∑ M O ,e =F N L1−F g L2−Fb L3=981 ( 0.21 )−784.8 ( 0.15 )−196.4 ( 0.55 )=−19.6 Nm
External flexion

Q3
At the moment of lifting there is a static equilibrium, so the external moments are
compensated by moments supplied by muscles (internal moments). 

Situation 1
∑ M O ,e =∑ −M O , i
∑ M O ,i=F m cos ⁡(38) L7−F m sin ⁡(38) L8 =147 Nm
147 147
F m= = =1763 N
(cos (38 ) L7−sin (38 ) L8 ) (cos ( 38 ) ( 0.27 ) −sin ( 38 )( 0.21 ) )

Situation 2
∑ M O ,e =∑ −M O , i
∑ M O ,i=F m cos ( 33 ) L7 −Fm sin ⁡(¿ 33) L8=19.6 Nm ¿
19.6 19.6
F m= = =290 N
(cos (33 ) L7−sin (33 ) L8 ) (cos ( 33 ) ( 0.23 )−sin ( 33 )( 0.23 ) )
Q4
Situation 1

∑ M K , e =−F N L5−F g L4−F b L6=−981 ( 0.06 ) −784 ( 0.01 )−196.4 ( 0.26 )=−118 Nm
External extension

Situation 2

∑ M K , e =F g L4 −F N L5−F b L6 =784.8 ( 0.25 )−981 ( 0.21 )−196.4 ( 0.14 )=−37.3 Nm

External flexion

Q5
At the moment of lifting there is a static equilibrium, so the external moments are
compensated by moments supplied by muscles (internal moments). 

Situation 1: Hamstrings
∑ M K , e =∑ −M K ,i
∑ M K , e =−cos ( 63 ) ( 0.02 )−sin ( 63 )( 0.02 )=118 Nm
118 118
F k= = =−4387 N
(−cos ( 63 ) L9 −sin ( 63 ) L10 ) (−cos ( 63 ) ( 0.02 )−sin ( 63 )( 0.02 ) )

Situation 2: Quadriceps
∑ M K , e =∑ −M K ,i
∑ M K , e =sin (55 )( 0.02 ) −cos ( 55 ) ( 0.02 )=37.3 Nm
37.3 37.3
F k= = =7594 N
(sin ( 55 ) L9−cos ( 55 ) L10) ( sin ( 55 )( 0.02 )−cos ( 55 ) ( 0.02 ))