PROBLEM 3.

69
A couple M of magnitude 10 lb ft is applied to the handle of a
screwdriver to tighten a screw into a block of wood. Determine the
magnitudes of the two smallest horizontal forces that are equivalent to M
if they are applied (a) at corners A and D, (b) at corners B and C,
(c) anywhere on the block.

SOLUTION








(a) Have M Pd =
or ( )
1 ft
10 lb ft 10 in.
12 in.
P
| |
=
|
\ .

12 lb P =
min
or 12.00 lb P =
(b) ( ) ( )
2 2
BC
d BE EC = +
( ) ( )
2 2
10 in. 6 in. 11.6619 in. = + =
Have M Pd =
( )
1 ft
10 lb ft 11.6619 in.
12 in.
P
| |
=
|
\ .

10.2899 lb P = or 10.29 lb P =
(c) ( ) ( )
2 2
AC
d AD DC = +
( ) ( )
2 2
10 in. 16 in. 2 89 in. = + =
Have
AC
M Pd =
( )
1 ft
10 lb ft 2 89 in.
12 in.
P
| |
=
|
\ .

6.3600 lb P = or 6.36 lb P =






PROBLEM 3.70
Two 60-mm-diameter pegs are mounted on a steel plate at A and C, and
two rods are attached to the plate at B and D. A cord is passed around the
pegs and pulled as shown, while the rods exert on the plate 10-N forces as
indicated. (a) Determine the resulting couple acting on the plate when T =
36 N. (b) If only the cord is used, in what direction should it be pulled to
create the same couple with the minimum tension in the cord?
(c) Determine the value of that minimum tension.

SOLUTION
(a) Have ( ) M Fd =
( )( ) ( )( ) 36 N 0.345 m 10 N 0.380 m =
8.62 N m =
8.62 N m = M


(b)

Have 8.62 N m M Td = =
For T to be minimum, d must be maximum.
min
T must be perpendicular to line AC
0.380 m
tan 1.33333
0.285 m
= =
and 53.130 =
or 53.1 =
(c) Have
min max
M T d =
where 8.62 N m M =
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
max
0.380 0.285 2 0.030 m 0.535 m d
(
= + + =
(


( )
min
8.62 N m 0.535 m T =
min
16.1121 N T =

min
or 16.11 N T =






PROBLEM 3.71
The steel plate shown will support six 50-mm-diameter idler rollers
mounted on the plate as shown. Two flat belts pass around the rollers, and
rollers A and D will be adjusted so that the tension in each belt is 45 N.
Determine (a) the resultant couple acting on the plate if a = 0.2 m, (b) the
value of a so that the resultant couple acting on the plate is 54 N m
clockwise.

SOLUTION




(a) Note when
/
0.2 m,
C F
a = r is perpendicular to the inclined 45 N
forces.
Have
( ) M Fd =
( ) ( ) 45 N 0.2 m 2 0.025 m a ( = + +


( ) ( ) 45 N 2 2 2 0.025 m a
(
+


For 0.2 m, a =
( )( ) 45 N 0.450 m 0.61569 m M = +
47.956 N m =
or 48.0 N m = M


(b) 54.0 N m = M
Moment of couple due to horizontal forces at and M A D =
Moment of force-couple systems at and about . C F C +
( ) 54.0 N m 45 N 0.2 m 2 0.025 m a ( = + +


( ) ( ) 0.2 m 2
C F x y
M M F a F a ( + + + + +


where ( )( ) 45 N 0.025 m 1.125 N m
C
M = =
1.125 N m
F C
M M = =





PROBLEM 3.71 CONTINUED
45
N
2
x
F

=
45
N
2
y
F

=
( ) 54.0 N m 45 N 0.25 m 1.125 N m 1.125 N m a = +
( ) ( )
45 N 45 N
0.2 m 2
2 2
a a

+
0.20 2
1.20 0.25 0.025 0.025
2 2 2
a a
a = + + + + + +
3.1213 0.75858 a =
0.24303 m a =
or 243 mm a =







PROBLEM 3.72
The shafts of an angle drive are acted upon by the two couples shown.
Replace the two couples with a single equivalent couple, specifying its
magnitude and the direction of its axis.

SOLUTION




Based on
1 2
= + M M M
where
( )
1
8 N m = M j
( )
2
6 N m = M k
( ) ( ) 8 N m 6 N m = M j k
and ( ) ( )
2 2
8 6 10 N m = + = M
or 10.00 N m M =
( ) ( ) 8 N m 6 N m
0.8 0.6
10 N m

= = =

j k M
j k
M

or ( )( ) 10 N m 0.8 0.6 = = M M j k
cos 0
x
= 90
x
=
cos 0.8 143.130
y y
= =
cos 0.6 126.870
z z
= =
or 90.0 , 143.1 , 126.9
x y z
= = =





PROBLEM 3.73
Knowing that P = 0, replace the two remaining couples with a single
equivalent couple, specifying its magnitude and the direction of its axis.

SOLUTION




Have
1 2
= + M M M
where
1 / 1 C B C
= M r P
( ) ( )
/
0.96 m 0.40 m
C B
= r i j
( )
1
100 N
C
= P k
( ) ( )
1
0.96 0.40 0 40 N m 96 N m
0 0 100
= = +

i j k
M i j
Also,
2 / 2 D A E
= M r P
( ) ( )
/
0.20 m 0.55 m
D A
= r j k

2 2 E ED E
P = P

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
2 2
0.48 m 0.55 m
146 N
0.48 0.55 m
+
=
+
i k

( ) ( ) 96 N 110 N = + i k

2
0 0.20 0.55 N m
96 0 110
=

i j k
M
( ) ( ) ( ) 22.0 N m 52.8 N m 19.2 N m = + + i j k






PROBLEM 3.73 CONTINUED
and ( ) ( ) ( ) 40 N m 96 N m 22.0 N m ( = + +

M i j i
( ) ( ) 52.8 N m 19.2 N m ( + +

j k
( ) ( ) ( ) 62.0 N m 148.8 N m 19.2 N m = + + i j k
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
2 2 2
62.0 148.8 19.2
x y z
M M M = + + = + + M
162.339 N m =
or 162.3 N m M =

62.0 148.8 19.2
162.339
+ +
= =
M i j k
M

0.38192 0.91660 0.118271 = + + i j k
cos 0.38192 67.547
x x
= =
or 67.5
x
=
cos 0.91660 23.566
y y
= =
or 23.6
y
=
cos 0.118271 83.208
z z
= =
or 83.2
z
=






PROBLEM 3.74
Knowing that P = 0, replace the two remaining couples with a single
equivalent couple, specifying its magnitude and the direction of its axis.

SOLUTION




Have
4 7
= + M M M
where
4 / 4 G C G
= M r F
( )
/
10 in.
G C
= r i
( )
4
4 lb
G
= F k
( ) ( ) ( )
4
10 in. 4 lb 40 lb in. = = M i k j
Also,
7 / 7 D F D
= M r F
( ) ( )
/
5 in. 3 in.
D F
= + r i j

7 7 D ED D
F = F

( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
2 2 2
5 in. 3 in. 7 in.
7 lb
5 3 7 in.
+ +
=
+ +
i j k

( )
7 lb
5 3 7
83
= + + i j k
( )
7
7 lb in. 7 lb in.
5 3 0 21 35 0
83 83
5 3 7

= = + +

i j k
M i j k
( ) 0.76835 21 35 lb in. = + i j






PROBLEM 3.74 CONTINUED
and ( ) ( ) 40 lb in. 0.76835 21 35 lb in. ( ( = + +

M j i j
( ) ( ) 16.1353 lb in. 66.892 lb in. = + i j
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 2 2
16.1353 66.892
x y
M M = + = + M
68.811 lb in. =
or 68.8 lb in. M =

( ) ( ) 16.1353 lb in. 66.892 lb in.
68.811 lb in.
+
= =

i j M
M

0.23449 0.97212 = + i j
cos 0.23449 76.438
x x
= =
or 76.4
x
=
cos 0.97212 13.5615
y y
= =
or 13.56
y
=
cos 0.0
z
= 90
z
=
or 90.0
z
=






PROBLEM 3.75
Knowing that P = 5 lb, replace the three couples with a single equivalent
couple, specifying its magnitude and the direction of its axis.

SOLUTION
Have
4 7 5
= + + M M M M
where
( )
4 / 4
10 0 0 lb in. 40 lb in.
0 0 4
G C G
= = =
i j k
M r F j
( )
7 / 7
7
5 3 0 lb in. 0.76835 21 35 lb in.
83
5 3 7
D F D
| |
= = = +
|
\ .

i j k
M r F i j
(See Solution to Problem 3.74.)
( ) ( )
5 / 5
10 6 7 lb in. 35 lb in. 50 lb in.
0 5 0
C A C
= = = +
i j k
M r F i k
( ) ( ) ( ) 16.1353 35 40 26.892 50 lb in. ( = + + +

M i j k
( ) ( ) ( ) 18.8647 lb in. 66.892 lb in. 50 lb in. = + + i j k
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
2 2 2
18.8647 66.892 50 85.618 lb in.
x y z
M M M = + + = + + = M
or 85.6 lb in. M =
18.8647 66.892 50
0.22034 0.78129 0.58399
85.618
+ +
= = = + +
M i j k
i j k
M

cos 0.22034
x
= 102.729
x
= or 102.7
x
=
cos 0.78129 38.621
y y
= = or 38.6
y
=
cos 0.58399 54.268
z z
= = or 54.3
z
=