'.

L-3/T-l/ME Date: 02/08/2017

BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DHAKA
L-31T-l. B. Sc. Engineering Examinations 2016-2017

Sub: ME 361 (Instrumentation and Measurement)

Full Marks: 210 Time: 3 Hours
The figures in the margin indicate full marks.
, ,

USE SEPARA TESCRIPTS FOR EACH SECTION

SECTION -A
There are FOUR questions in this section. Answer any THREE.

1. (a) Name some common temperature sensing techniques with neat sketches and briefly
describe. (20)
(b) What are the .'differences between thermopiles and thermocouples connected in
parallel? (4)
(c) What do you mean byRTD and thermister? Describe their competitive advantages
and applications. (3)
(d) What do you mean by 'thel;mal imaging'? Describe its characteristics and specific
application. (4)
(e) Write short note onslug type heat-flux sensor. (4)

2. (a) What are the differences between a sensor and a transducer? (3)
(b) Name some basic pressure measuring methods generally used in industrial practice. (20)
(c) Describe with sketches at least two low pressure measurement devices in a process
industry. (7)
(d) Mention the factors that one should consider during selection of pressure measuring
devices for a specific purpose. (5)

3. (a) Briefly describe the working principle of a turbine type flow meter. How does it
differ from a magnetic type flow meter? Mention their applications. (12)
(b) What are the differences between flow nozzles and orifices? Mention their
competitive advantages and applications. (10)
(c) What do you mean by flow visualization? Describe its importance in modern
science and teclmology innovation. (7)
(d) Describe with a neat sketch the working principle of water flow meter. (6)

4. (a) What do you mean by Arduino? What are its applications? Describe. (10)
(b) Write short notes on any five of the following: (25)
(i) The discrete Fourier transform.
(ii) Vibrometer and accelerometer.
(iii) Gauge factor.
(iv) Mechanical and Hydraulic dynamometer.
(v) Piezoelectric sensor.
(vi) Total radiation pyrometer.
Contd P/2
 •
•
=2=
ME 361
SECTION-B
There are FOUR questions in this section. Answer any THREE questions.
Assume any data if necessary. Symbols used have their usual meaning and interpretation.

5. (a) Differentiate between the following measurement specifications with proper

illustrations: (i) Resolution, (ii) Accuracy, (iii) Repeatability. (15)
(b) The resistance of a certain size of copper wire is given as R = Ro [1 + a(r - 20)]'
0
where Ro = 6Q ~ 0.3% is the resistance at 20°C, a = 0.004 C-1:t 1% is the
temperature coefficient of resistance, and the temperature of the wire is
T = 30° C:t 1° C . Calculate the nominal value of the resistance of the wire and its
uncertainty. (20)

6. (a) A certain 4-Band resistor has the band color of Gray, Blue and Orange. Calculate
the resistance value of the ,resistor.' (5)
(b) Describe the working principle of Hall Effect Sensor using proper diagram. (10)
(c) Prove De Morgan's Theorem regarding digital logic circuits using truth table.
Simplify the following logic gate circuit and show your final findings using logic gates. (10+10)

A
B .. -;.:.:

<-- - ..- .....•.

~ ------------~

Figure for Q. No. 6(c)

7. (a) Describe the following types ofDACs with proper diagrams: (20)
(i) Binary Weighted Resistor type.'
(ii) R-2R Ladder type.
Also mention their advantages and disadvantages.
(b) What do you mean by LVDT? Describe its principle with advantages and
disadvantages. (15)

8. (a) With proper Circuit diagrams, discuss the following types of Op-Amps: (20)
(i) Integrator.
(ii) Instrumentation Amplifier.
(iii) Comparator.
(iv) Summing Amplifier.
(b) Find out the expression for cutoff frequency and phase shift of the (15)
(i) RC high pass filter,
(ii) RL low pass filter.

------------------------------
'i1
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L-3/T-1IME Date: 18/0112017
BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DHAKA
L-3/T-1 B. Sc. Engineering Examinations 2015-2016

Sub: ME 361 (Instrumentation and Measurement)

Full Marks: 210 Time: 3 Hours
The figures in the margin indicate full marks.
USE SEP ARA TE SCRIPTS FOR EACH SECTION

SECTION -A
There are FOUR questions in this section. Answer any THREE.
A,ssume any data if necessary. Symbols used have their usual meaning and interpretation.

1. (a) What do you mean by the response of a measuring system? Discuss various response
characteristics of a measuring system using proper diagrams. (15)
(b) For a harmonically excited first order system, find out the expression of amplification
ratio. Also prove that 'Phase response of a first order system are best when the time
constant of the system is small compared to the period of forcing'. (20)

2. (a)
--'
I'.,'
, ,

Giu~n 1 ,RNJ:
ltiF' ':t.W

--
Fig.2a

Assume the red LED turns on with a forward voltage of 2.0 V, and that the green LED
turns on with a forward voltage of3.5 V. (see Fig. 2a). (15)
(i) Sketch a plot of 2 cycles of a +/- 10 V square wave from the AC wave generator.
(ii) Sketch a plot of the voltage measured between points A and Ground below your
plot from Question 2(a)(i).
(iii) Sketch a plot of the voltage measured between points B and Ground below your
plot from Question 2(a)(i).
(b) Do you agree with the statement that 'Capacitors block AC voltage and pass the DC
voltage'? If no, explain your position. (5)
(c) Briefly state the basic difference between active and passive elements with 2
examples of each type of element. Consider 4 color bands of a resistor are Orange, Blue,
th
Brown and No color for the 4 band. Calculate the value of the resistance of the resistor. (15)

Contd P12
 =2=

ME 361

3. (a) Apply De Morgan's law to simplify the following gate circuit. Show your final
findings using gate circuit,g. (see Fig. 3a). (15)

A
B
c Q

Fig.: 3a

(b) With proper circuit diagrams, discuss the following types ofOp-Amps: (20)
(i) Non-inverting amplifier
(ii) Summing amplifier
(iii) Differential amplifier
(iv) Integrator.

4. (a) Describe the characteristics of the following filters by calculating the equivalent
imped.-fuce: (15)
(i) Band-pass filter
(ii) Notch-pass filter.
(b) With proper circuit diagrams, find out the expression of cutoff frequency and phase
shift of: (15)
(i) RC low pass filter
(ii) RL low pass filter.
(c) Show that voltage across an inductor leads the current passing through it by 90
degrees. (5)

SECTION -B
There are FOUR questions in this section. Answer any THREE.

5. (a) Give sketches of venturi, orifice and flow-nozzle. Describe their competitive
advantage and application. (15)
(b) Briefly describe the working principle of turbine type flow-meter with its advantages
and application. (10)
(c) Describe the application of pitot-static tube in measuring the velocity of an air-craft. (6)
(d) Describe the working principle of an ultrasonic flow-meter. ( 4)
Contd P/3
•

=3=

ME 361

6. (a) What are the differences among absolute, gauge and barometric pressure? Describe

with sketches. (6)

(b) With a sketch, describe the working principle of a dead-weight tester for static

calibration. What might be sources of errors in such a device? (12)

(c) Give sketches of some elastic elements used as pressure sensors and describe. (7)
(d) What are the factors that one should consider during selection of pressure gauge for a

specific purpose? (10)

7. (a) Describe with a sketch the working principle of a seismic instrument. Mention its

characteristics. (12)
(b) What do you mean by metallic resistance strain gauges? Derive an expression of

gauge factor and explain its physical meanings. (12)

(c) Describe common methods of strain measuremen( (6)
(d) What are the differences between hydraulic and pneumatic load cells? Describe with

sketches. (5)

8. (a) Write down the laws of thermocouples and describe. (10)

(b) What do you mean by LVDT? Mention its working principle, advantages and

application. (10)
(c) What do you mean by Proving ring? Describe its application. (7)
(d) Mention the types of dynamometers used in practice nowadays. Illustrate the working

principle of one of them. (8)

L-3/T-1IME Date: 26/0112016
BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DHAKA
L-3/T-1 B. Sc. Engineering Examinations 2014-2015

Sub: ME 361 (Instrumentation and Measurement)

Full Marks : 210 Time: 3 Hours

The figures in the margin indicate full marks.
USE SEP ARA TE SCRIPTS FOR EACH SECTION

SECTION -A
There are FOUR questions in this section. Answer any THREE.

1. (a) What are the fundamental methods of measurement? Describe. (10)

(b) With a block-diagram describe the generalized measuring system and discuss. (10)
(c) Classify all types of possible errors during measurement and discuss. (10)
(d) What do you mean by hysteresis? How would the hysteresis of an instrument affect

its accuracy? (5)

2. (a) Briefly describe the working principle of a strain gauge. What do you mean by gauge

factor? Describe its physical meaning. (12)

(b) What do you mean by piezoelectric pressure transducer? Describe. (8)
(c) Describe the basic fluid pressure measuring methods used in practice. (15)

3. (a) What are the advantages of using LVDT? (8)

(b) What are the merits and demerits of using venture, flow nozzles and orifice? (9)
(c) What do you mean by PlY? Describe its working principle. (8)
(d) Describe the application of turbine-type and magnetic flowmeter. (10)

4. (a) State the differences between hydraulic and pneumatic load cell. (10)
(b) Name the basic types of torque measuring devices. What are the differences between

water-brake and electric dynamometers? Describe. (10)

(c) Write short notes on the following: (15)
(i) Tactile sensor (ii) uncertainity analysis (iii) Nyquist frequency

Contd P/2
 =2=

ME 361

SECTION -B
There are FOUR questions in this section. Answer any THREE.
Assume reasonable values for missing data. All symbols have their usual meaning.

5. (a) Show that, for voltage sensitive ballast circuit: (15)

L1eo L1R2/R
~ = 4 + 2(L1R2/R)

(b) Name the general functions of different signal conditioning stages that are used in

measurement system and discuss? (10)

(c) Classifythe signal filters and show the characteristics ofreal filters. (10)

6. (a) A differential amp is needed to amplify the voltage difference between two
temperature sensors. The sensors have an internal resistance of 5 kQ, and the maximum .
voltage difference between the sensors will be 2 V. Design the differential amp circuit to

have an output of 12 V when the difference between the inputs is 2 V. (15)

(b) Briefly describe the working principle of instrumentation amplifiers with necessary

circuit diagram and derive the equation for Vout' (20)

7. (a) Given a 12-bit AID converter operating over a voltage range from -5 to 5 V, how

much does the input voltage have to change, in general, in order to be detectable. (10)
(b) Explain the working principle of a "Successive Approximation ADC". (10)
(c) Write short note on DAC. (15)

8. (a) State and illustrate the laws of thermocouple. (5)

(b) What is an IC temperature sensor and where it is used? (5)
(c) Briefly describe a method formeasuring very high temperature. (10)
(d) What are the different methods for measurement of heat flux? Illustrate one of them. (15)
L-3/T-l/ME Date: 08/08/2015
BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DHAKA
L-3/T-l B. Sc. Engineering Examinations 2013-2014

Sub: ME 361 (Instrumentation and Measurement)

Full Marks: 210 Time: 3 Hours

The figures in the margin indicate full marks.
USE SEPARATE SCRIPTS FOR EACH SECTION

SECTION -A
There are FOUR questions in this section. Answer any THREE.

I. (a) When a shall a calibration be performed? State the purpose of calibration. (5)
(b) Describe the generalized measuring system with a block diagram. Whai are the stages

of measurement system? Describe. (10)

(c) What do you mean by response of measuring system? Describe amplitude, frequency

and phase response. (20)

2. (a) Write short notes on Discrete Fourier Transforms. (5)

(b) What do you mean by beat frequency and hetrodyning. (10)
(c) Describe three special waveforms of harmonic nature and mention its application. (10)
(d) What do you mean by Nyquist frequency? State its importance. (10)

3. (a) Briefly describe the working principle of a strain gauge. What do you mean by gauge

factor? Describe its physical meaning. (8)

(b) What are the differences between pitot-tube and pitot static tube? Describe with sketches. (10)

(c) Describe with sketches the elastic elements used as pressure sensors. (10)
(d) Name any of the instruments that is used for measuring low pressure in a system. (3)

(e) What is piezoelectric pressure transducer? Describe. (4)

4. (a) Describc the advantages of using venture for flow measurement. (5)
(b) What are the advantages of using LVDT? (5)
(c) What do you mean by psychoacoustics relationships? Describe with sketchcs the

thresholds of hearing and tolerance for young people with good hearing. (10)
(d) Write short notes on any three of the following: (15)
(i) Proving ring
(ii) Blackbox of an airplane
(iii) Hall effect sensors
(iv) Time-displacement relationships for damped motion.
Contd P/2
 =2=
ME 361
SECTION -8
There are FOUR questions in this section. Answer any THREE.
Make reasonable assumptions in case of any missing data.

5. (a) What will be the maximum VOIII of the following diode clamp? How diodes can be
used to protect switches against inductive kick? (6)

1.0k
out

1N914

+5V
Figure 5(a)

(b) A square wave with period T that goes between +1- Vo is applied to the following RC
circuit. Complete the following graphs: (9)
Plot VCAP (I) for:
(i) RC zT
(ii) RC« T
(iii) RC» T

v.
c
-v,
T

FigureJ(b)

(c) For the following situations draw practical circuits using transistors: (9)
(i) Transistor as a switch
(ii) Emitter follower
(iii) Voltage amplifier
(d) In the following RC circuit assume that the switch is initially open unit time 1 = 0, at
which time it is closed and left closed thereafter. Derive the expression of VR and Vc.
Hence plot, 1 vs. VR and 1 vs. Vc. (11)

t= 0

,~~t
J

'-T__ T
Contd P/3
•

=3=

ME 361

6. (a) Prove that the rise time of a first order system is given by 2.2 x time constant. (7)
(b) Solve for x(t) in the system shown in Figure 6(b) ifj(t) is a unit step. (15)

x(1)
M=I kg
K,=5 N/m
f(tl
f,= I N-s1m
f(t)="(IlN

(c) Discuss the response of a second order system under harmonic input. (13)

7. (a) Find out VOUI in tenns of C, Rand Vin for the following differentiator circuit. What

will the shape ofVOUI be if the signal Vin is a triangular wave? Draw the input and output

wave form. (9)

(b) For the following OR gate complete the timing diagram. (3)

,
A 0

8 0,-----~ L..- _

c' o

(c) Given a l2-bit AID converted operating over a voltage range from -5 to 5 V, how

much does the input voltage have to change, in general, in order to be detectable? (5)
(d) Explain the working principle of a "Successive Approximation ADC". (10)
(e) Write short note on DAC. (8)

Contd P/4
•
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ME 361

8. (a) Write short note on the following: (21)

(i) Thermistor
(ii) Thermocouple
(iii) RTD

(b) Many control systems use a combination of the three types of feedback: (14)

Proportional + Integral + Derivative (PID) Control. The foundation of the system is

proportional control. Adding integral control provides a means to eliminate steady-state
error but may increase overshoot. Derivative control is good for getting sluggish systems
moving faster and reduces the tendency to overshoot. The response of the PID system can
be described by the following equation,

Design an analog PID controller using Operational amplifier.

পানির গভীরতা এবং স্রাত মাপার যন্ত্র আনবষ্কার কররনিরেি মুসনেম ববজ্ঞানিক আব্দুে মনিদ
ঘরেে ককান আসবাবপত্র বইর়েে মত সুন্দে ন়ে – সসডসন সিথ
 তিতিই (আল্লাহ) স্তরে স্তরে সাতিরে সািতি আসমাি তিেী করেরেি। িুতম েহমারিে সৃষ্ট করমে ককাি প্রকাে অসংগতি কেখরি পারেিা ।
আোে কোখ তিতেরে কেখ,রকাি ক্রতি কেখরি পারছা তক? িুতম োে োে েৃতষ্ট তিতেরে কেখ, রিামাে েৃতষ্ট ক্লান্ত ও েযর্ে হরে তিরে আসরে।
–(সূো আল মুলকঃ ০৩-০৪)
কিয়ামতের কিন বান্দার আমল পর্যাতয় সবযপ্রথম োর নামার্ সম্পতিয কিতসব ননওয়া িতব (কেরকমর্ী)
তখন(মৃতযুর পর বিচারররবিন) রেই েি উপারেুর েিাই
এরির োমরন থেরে উধাও হরে যারি যারির এরা ইবতপূরিে ডােরতা। –(েূরা হা-বমম-আে-োজিাহঃ ৪৮)
যে ব্যক্তি দাব্ী করে যে, রে এই দুক্তিয়া ও তাে স্রষ্টারক একই োরে ভালব্ারে যে আেরল ক্তিেযা কো ব্রল।
ইিাি শাক্তি (ে)
তুমি যখন ককান দুর্বলের উপর হাত উঠাও তখন একথা ভুলে কযও না,
এই িানুষমিলক মযমন সৃমি কলরলেন মতমন কতািার কেলে অলনক কর্মি ক্ষিতার অমিকারী। (ওির ইর্লন আব্দুে আজীজ)
কিন্তু যেসব যলাি তাগুততর(আল্লাহ ছাড়া অতযের) দাসত্ব বর্জয িতরতছ
এবং আল্লাহর কদতি কিতর এতসতছ তাতদর র্যে সু-সুংবাদ৷ –(সূরা আে-েুমারঃ ১৭)
Alzebra (বীজগণিত) শব্দণির উৎস ‘ণিসাব আল জাবর ওয়াল মমাকাববলা’ বইণির আলজাবর শব্দণি।
বইণির মলখক বীজ গণিবতর জন্মদাতা মুিাম্মদ ইববে মুসা আল খাবরজণম।
দিনের বেলা এমে কাজ কনরা ো বেে রানের ঘুম েষ্ট হয়,
আর রানে এমে দকছু কনরা ো বেে দিনের আনলায় মুখ বিখানে ো পানরা। -হেরে আলী (রা)
 ইউরোরে যখন বই ও োঠাগারেে কোন অস্তিত্ব স্তিল না, অরনে মুসস্তলম কেরে তখন প্রচুে বই ও োঠাগাে স্তিল।
সস্ততিোে অরথে বাগোরেে ‘বায়তুল স্তিেমাি'য় ৪০ লক্ষ, োয়রোে সুলতারনে োঠাগারে ১০ লক্ষ, স্তসস্তেয়াে স্তিরোলী োঠাগারে ৩০ লক্ষ বই স্তিল।
অেেস্তেরে মুসলমানরেে সমরয় কেবল কেরনই প্রস্ততবিে ৭০ কথরে ৮০ িাজাে বই প্রোস্তেত িরতা।
স্তেন্তু বতেমারন মুসস্তলম কেেগুরলারত বইরয়ে েেে কনই, বই প্রোরেে স্তবষরয় সেোস্তে েৃষ্ঠরোষেতা অপ্রতুল।
ইউরোরেে এেস্তি ক্ষুদ্র কেে স্তিরস বিরে ৫০০স্তিে মরতা বই অনুবাে েরে থারে।
ওিাভস্তল কবাঁ [‘ইসলাম ও আেস্তব সভিতাে ইস্ততিাস’]
আপনি যনি খুব ভাললা একটা জীবি পপলে চাি, কখলিা ভুললবি িা পয আপনি একনিি মলে যালবি।
োনেক োমািাি
প্রকৃত ঈমানদার তারাই যারা আল্লাহ ও তাঁর রসূলের ওপর ঈমান এলনলে এবং এ বযাপালর পলর আর ককান সলেহ কপাষণ কলরনন।
তারপর প্রাণ ও অর্থ-সম্পদ নদলে নিহাদ কলরলে। তারাই সতযবাদী। -(সূরা আে হুিুরাতঃ ১৫)
বুদ্ধিমানেরা কিানো দ্ধিছু প্রথনম অন্তর দ্ধিনে অেুভব িনর, তারপর কে েম্বনে মন্তবয িনর ।
আর দ্ধেনববানেরা প্রথনমই মন্তবয িনর বনে এবং পনর দ্ধিন্তা িনর । - হযরত আলী (রাঃ)
The first gulp from the glass of natural sciences will turn you into an atheist,
but at the bottom of the glass God is waiting for you. – Heisenberg