Ahmed M. Al.

Garaghwoli Health Promotion

Lect.1
Health and Health promotion :An overview
The World Health Organization defines (1948) Health " as a state of complete physical,
mental and social well being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity".
Or

It is the state of balance between illness and wellness .It ranges between potential and
optimum levels. Focus: Health promotion/education & disease prevention

The dimensions of health —

1.Physical:including body function, physical fitness, ADL.

2.Mental :ability to clear think and make judgment.

3.Emotional: recognize emotions such as fear , joy and anger etc. .

4.Social :ability to make and maintain relationships with others.

5.Spiritual :ability to put into practice moral, religious or beliefs to achieve peace of
mind .

6. Environment: physical environment involving housing ,sanitation ,clean water etc. .

wellness: An active process by which an individual progresses towards maximum the

potential possible , regardless of current state of health”.

is a state of well-being. It means engaging in attitudes and behavior that enhance the quality
of life and maximize personal potential.

Illness: A condition characterized by a deviation from a normal ,healthy state .

Or
Most people have a medical view of illness as a disease, which is a pathology affecting an
organ or body system. Traditional definitions would encompass traumatic injury and
psychiatric disorders as well.
 * A person can move from one category to the other from sick- well again
in an absolute sense. So both health and illness are relative and exist in
varying degrees.
— Degrees of illness
 A person with terminal cancer or end stage of renal disease is classified as
“very ill”. While one recovering from
 a surgery (cholecystectomy) is “less ill” another one with infections like
mononucleosis as “mildly ill”.
Degrees of wellness —
A person with chronic arthritis may be classified as “ mildly well” if
functions minimally with his disease, while an old person who is
functioning at an optimal level of wellness is classified as “well”.

Health promotion has been defined by the World Health Organization's (WHO)

2005 Bangkok Charter for Health Promotion in a Globalized World as "the process
of enabling people to increase control over their health . Convened the first
International Conference convened on Health Promotion in Ottawa and adopted the
Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion Jake (1986).

— Health – Focused Individual

 In nursing, we consider both the physical and psychological needs of
each individual patient.
 Maslow (1968) developed a hierarchy of basic human needs to consider
which needs of
 a person are the most important and more basic than others.
Levels of Needs:. The five levels of needs with being most basic are as follow-
  Physiological needs
 Safety & security needs
 Love & belonging needs
 Self – esteem needs
 Self – actualization needs

— Health – Focused Family

Friedman & associates (2003) identified the importance of family – centered
nursing care based on 4 rationales
1. Family is composed of interdependent members who affect one another.
2. A strong relationship exist between family & health status of its members.
3. Levels of health of each member within a family can be significantly
improved through health promotion activities.
4. Illness of one family member may suggest the possibility of the same
problem in others.

Health – Focused Community

 Community based is centered on individual and family health care
needs.
 The health care provided within a community must be culturally
competent and family – centered.
 Health - focused community are employed in different kinds of practice
settings, including home health care, primary health centers, schools,
occupational etc..
 supportive Preventive
Community

Individuals

Family
Rehaiblative Promotive

Curative

Health measurement are devices include:

• Mortality based measures

– adjusted, and specific mortality rates

– Composite measures: life expectancy and years of life lost

• Morbidity, disability and quality measures

– Disease prevalence

Disease prevention : involves all activities that avoiding the occurrence of

illness or injury. E.g. Immunization, enforcement of seat belt use.
 Disease prevention focuses on prevention strategies to reduce the risk of
developing chronic diseases .

Level of prevention:
*Primary prevention :For example immunization and health education .

*Secondary prevention : For example screening (x-ray etc.).

*Tertiary prevention : For example rehabilitation .

Disease protection : involves all efforts to shield the people from illness and
from harmful effects of elements in the environment. E.g.

 Physical agents such as cigarette smoking

 Chemical agents such as dust & fumes
 Psychological agents such as stress.

Health promotion : refers to all activities that maintain , enhance and increase the
community’s level of wellness e.g. recreational facilities in the community,
adequate nutrition, safe water, encourage healthy lifestyle, family planning
services.
— Health promotion goals:
1. Promote of physical ,mental ,emotional functional and social well -being .
2. Care and reduce risk and prevention of illness or diseases and health
maintenance .

Ottawa Charter proposed action "to achieve health for all" by the year 2000. It included the
following strategies:

 Health education
 Health appraisal
 Lifestyle modification
  Provision of a healthy environment
 Development of effective coping skills

Health
education

Health Orientation
Health
promotion awareness Health

Prevention

Value
Lifestyle

Change Change
behavior attitude
Belief Life
experien
ce

Optimal level
of health

Health Education : It is a process that informs, motivates, and helps people

to adopt and maintain healthy practices and lifestyles, enables them to make
informed decisions, to cope more effectively with temporary or long term
alterations in health and lifestyle, & to assume greater responsibility for
health.

Aim of Health Education:

  To teach people how to achieve good health.
 Change behavior .
 Encourage the full use of development of health services .
 Encourage them to achieve good health.
Contents of health education
1. Nutrition
2. health habits ex. Exercise
3. Personal hygiene ex. Hand washing
4. Safety roles
5. Basic of disease and prevention measures

— Techniques of Health Education:

1.Indivdual health education .
2. groups health education .
3. Mass media health education .

Increase awareness and knowledge

Health education
toward value , beliefs and attitude
process
that have positively change in
behaviors by modification that lead to
from unhealthy to health behaviors

To obtaining health promotion and

optimal health or high level of wellness