Name: _______________________________________ Date: /10/2021

PRACTICE TEST 11
SECTION A - LISTENING
Part 1: You will hear a lecture about dust storms. Listen carefully and complete the notes below with NO
MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER.
Main focus of lecture: the impact of 1_________ on the occurrence of dust storms
Two main types of impact on the process of 2__________ and dust storm 3_____________:
- Breakup of 4 _______________ surface, e.g. off-road vehicle use
- Removal of protective plants, e.g. 5________ and__________
Places affected by dust storms:
Details of the impact

USA ‘dust bowl’ caused by mismanagement of farmland

The decade: renamed as the 6 “_____________”
7_________________ Steady rise in dust storms over 20-year period

Arizona Worst dust clouds arise from 8______________

Dust deposits are hazardous to 9_______________
Sahara Increased wind erosion has occurred along with a(n) 10___________

Drying-up of Aral Sea

1950s: Intensive 11_____________ in Central Asian Republics
Drop in water in major tributaries
Total volume of water in lake reduced by 12________________
Increase in wind-blown material
Lake has become more 13_______________
Serious effects on 14______________nearby
Part 2. For questions 15-24, you will hear part of a discussion between a teacher and Mrs. Bromley, a
student’s mother about her son Billy. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).
15. The teacher asked to see Mrs Bromley to discuss why Billy performed poorly in his exams.
16. Billy has become more isolated from his parents since his brother left home.
17. Billy tells his parents that he does not want to follow his brother’s footstep to go to university.
18. He parted ways with his girlfriend and has made no contact with her since then.
19. There is a computer, a TV and DVD player in Billy’s room.
20. The teacher says that children tend to act out scenes from the violent films they watch.
21. Billy’s parents do not want him to bring his friends home.
22. The teacher suggests that Billy should seek professional help.
23. Mrs Bromley is upset because she feels that she has let her son down.
24. The teacher feels optimistic about finding a solution to Billy’s problem.
Part 3. You will hear someone giving advice on how to ask their boss for a pay rise. For questions 25-30
choose the correct answer A, B or C which fits best according to what you hear.
25. The key factor when asking for a pay rise is
A. voicing your demands in a convincing way.
B. making it clear you feel undervalued.
C. proving you are an asset in the business.
D. comparing yourself to the rest of the staff.
26. If you have any failings, you should
A. check that no one knows about them.
B. put them right gradually so that it is not too obvious.
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C. accentuate your strengths, such as punctuality.
D. make sure your boss likes you as a person.
27. When preparing what to say in your salary negotiation
A. put yourself in your superior's shoes.
B. do not forget that you really need that extra money.
C. make a list of all the points in your favor.
D. focus on what you can do for the company in the future.
28. What should you do if your boss raises objections to your pay rise?
A. pre-empt them by raising them yourself and giving a counter argument
B. make sure you can quote company rules to him or her
C. appreciate that your boss is only doing his or her job
D. accept any offer as it is better than nothing
29. During salary negotiations, it is important to
A. mention that the company is very successful.
B. ensure your boss is aware that you are taking these negotiations seriously.
C. arrange to see your boss early in the day when he or she is fresh.
D. try not to put your boss in an awkward position.
30. What should you do if you do not get a pay rise or as much as you wanted?
A. be prepared for a long drawn-out conflict
B. know that you might have to resign as a matter of principle
C. either have an alternative or ask for constructive criticism
D. either get a colleague to back you up or talk to your boss again soon

SECTION B – VOCABULARY & GRAMMAR

Part 1: Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.
1. The old lady came near to_______of pneumonia but to everyone's amazement, she pulled through.
A. death B. die C. dying D. being dead
2. He crept in _______ his parents should wake up.
A. lest B. otherwise C. whereby D. unless
3. Capital punishment was done _______ in Britain nearly half a century ago.
A. off by B. out for C. away with D. over from
4. Serena is still _______ ignorant of the fact that she is about to be made redundant.
A. blissfully B. jubilantly C. ecstatically D. delightedly
5. Marlene is quite _______ - I don't know she manages to fit everything in.
A. tiresome B. inexorable C. inexhaustible D. indefatigable
6. Sources in France suggested that further _______ would be needed before they would agree to a deal.
A. consolations B. contractions C. contortions D. concessions
7. He was arrested because he answered to the description of the _________ man.
A. searched B. pursued C. wanted D. hunted
8. Jane really ___________ it on thick when she told the boss that she was not feeling very well. Unfortunately for
her, he realized immediately that she just wanted the afternoon off.
A. put B. spread C. laid D. painted
9. Rumors going around, Mr. Long is ___________ Head of the Department.
A. in adjacent to B. in view of C. in line for D. in the proximity
10. After three days in the desert, his mind began to play _________ on him.
A. games B. jokes C. tricks D. fun

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Part 2. Read the passage below, which contains 10 mistakes. Identify the mistakes and write the
corrections.
The ability to deceive others is thought by some psychologists to be a character that has been genetically selected
through human evolution. Comparisons have been made for animal deception, such as camouflage and mimicry. For
hundreds of generations, it is arguing, the ability to make others believe insincere remarks and promises have
conferred advantages in struggles to control resources and win mating partners. The less cunning have, quite simple,
produced fewer offspring, and a talent for creating false impressions has dominated the human gene pool. What the
merits or shortcomings of this line of thinking, they are undoubtedly many occasions in everyday social encounters
when people, for one reason or another, want to avoid expressing their true feelings. The ability to do these varies
and success tends to breed success. Those who lie effectively will tend to lie more often, perfecting their social skills in
a process. Those who fail are deterred from future attempts and get few practice. With lying, as with everything else,
practice makes perfect.

SECTION C – READING
Part 1: Read the passage and choose the best answer.
THE SIBERIAN HUSKY
Siberian Huskies, those beautiful wolf-like canines (0)________ for their strength and racing instinct, are, as their
name (1)________, not native to North America. In 1908, a Russian fur trader by the name of William Goosak brought
the first team of Siberians to Nome, Alaska to compete in a dog sled race. A Danish sailor, Louis Thurstop, consented
to drive the team after being (2)_______ by Goosak. Spectators were not impressed with this newlyintroduced
(3)________ of dog and, (4)________, quickly nicknamed them Siberian rats. These so-called ‘rats’, with (5)________
of 100 to 1 against them, ran a tremendous race and finished in third (6)________.
A spectator at the sporting event, a Scotsman called Fox Ramsay, was (7)________ impressed with the speed and the
(8)________ of these northernbred huskies. So much so that he travelled to Siberia in 1909 in (9)________ of his own
(10)_________ of huskies. Later that year, he returned with 60 of the finest dogs to be found in Siberia. In 1910, he
(11)________ three teams in the All-Alaska Sweepstakes, a (12)_________ competition which covered over 656
kilometres of the roughest (13)________ imaginable. One of his teams (14)________ first, finishing the race in the
(15)________ time of 74 hours and 14 minutes.
0. A common B known C distinct D considered
1. A points B expresses C indicates D marks
2. A pushed B urged C converted D persuaded
3. A make B brand C breed D strain
4. A in fact B actually C really D utterly
5. A stakes B odds C wagers D bets
6. A spot B rank C grade D place
7. A extremely B rightly C completely D absolutely
8. A patience B stability C endurance D tolerance
9. A search B exploration C pursuit D investigation
10. A shoal B swarm C pack D herd
11. A joined B competed C entered D enlisted
12. A tedious B grueling C tiresome D grilling
13. A landscape B space C terrain D feature
14. A came round B came through C came over D came in
15. A brilliant B staggering C wonderful D stunning
Part 2: Fill in the gap with ONE suitable word.
LANGUAGE AND MORAL CHOICES
In a recent study, 725 participants, most of (16)___them_____ were either native speakers of Spanish with English as
a foreign language, (17)___or___ native speakers of English learning Spanish, were (18)___faced__ with a moral
dilemma. They (19)had_______ to imagine that they were on a railway bridge, looking down at five workers in danger
(20)________ of the high speed train speeding towards them. (21)___if___ they push the heavy man standing beside

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them (22)____into___ the bridge so that his impact would stop the train, and the workers would be saved?
(23)___it____ was found that when participants heard the dilemma in their native (24)___tounge______, they were
far less likely to opt for pushing the heavy man than (25)_______ hearing it in their second language. Breaking a
moral (26)_________ by killing the bystander seems easier to do (27)__than_____ considering the problem in a
language learnt (28)_______ in life. The authors of the (29)_______ attribute this to the fact that foreign language
appears to trigger a (30)______emotional response, leaving people more able to make a pragmatic decision.

Part 3: Read the following passage and choose the correct answer to each of the questions.
Forget global terrorism - for most of the world's population, ticking time bombs like earthquakes, supervolcanoes and
hurricanes pose a far greater threat. Natural disaster expert Bill McGuire reveals a few of the top catastrophes waiting
to happen.
With NASA's eminent climate scientist, Jim Hansen, concerned that collapsing polar ice sheets could result in sea levels
rising 1-2m this century and several more in the next, prospects for the Earth's coastal zones are bleak. A 1m rise
would threaten one-third of the world's agricultural land, while a 4m rise would maroon Miami 60km offshore. Rising
sea levels is not the only threat to coastal regions. The Cumbre Vieja volcano on the Canary Island of La Palma is
slowly creeping seawards. During a future eruption, this gigantic landslide will plunge into the ocean, pushing up a
bulge of water close to a kilometre high, spawning a mega-tsunami capable of devastating all the coastal areas
surrounding the North Atlantic.
Coastal regions also face the menace of desertification. By 2030, over half a billion people living around the shores of
the Mediterranean will be viewing the encroaching desert with increasing panic. An area bigger than the UK, and home
to 16 million people, is threatened - by the end of the century - with transformation from a green and pleasant land to
a baking wilderness of sand and rock.
However, these disasters seem pale in comparison to the mega-catastrophes waiting to happen like supervolcanoes,
for instance. Every 50 millennia or so, a colossal volcanic blast expels sufficient ash and gas to cover a continent and
block the Sun's rays for years on end, heralding a bitter volcanic winter. At Yellowstone in Wyoming, US, two such
super-eruptions have shattered the crust in the last 2.1 million years and the volcano there remains restless. An
asteroid attack is another threat which would have devastating consequences. A total of 713 asteroids with diameters
of 1km or more, and the potential to clobber the Earth at some future date, have been identified. A 2km asteroid
would load the atmosphere with dust and trigger a sustained global freeze. Harvests would fail and billions would die.
Fortunately, such collisions only happen every couple of million years.
31. Which best serves as the title for the passage?
A. Disasters in Waiting B. Threats to the Earth’s Coastal Zones
C. The Mega-Catastrophes That Could End the World D. Surprising Facts about Supervolcanoes
32. According to the passage, what poses an imminent threat to us?
A. the increase of global terrorism
B. the rise in the world's population
C. the consequences of climate change and natural disasters
D. time bombs waiting to go off
33. The word “bleak” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to __________
A. auspicious B. promising C. commanding D. gloomy
34. Which aspect of the Cumbre Vieja eruption will have the worst effects?
A. the eruption itself B. the subsequent mega-tsunami
C. the plunge into the ocean D. the resulting landslide
35. The word “maroon” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to __________
A. push B. leave C. surge D. pull
36. The process of desertification threatening the shores of the Mediterranean will occur __________
A. gradually B. at the end of this century
C. to an area not quite as big as the UK D. all of a sudden
37. The word “menace” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to __________
A. acceleration B. spread C. threat D. process

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38. How often does a supervolcano take place?
A. once every century B. once every 50 thousand years
C. once every couple of million years D. once every 50 million years
39. The word “there” in paragraph 4 refers to __________
A. the continent B. Yellowstone C. The US D. the crust
40. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A. Terrorism is the most challenging issue facing the world.
B. Rising sea levels wreak greater havoc on coastal regions than volcanoes do.
C. The UK is one of the countries most heavily affected by desertification.
D. Both supervolcanoes and asteroid attacks lead to extremely cold weather conditions.
Part 4: Read some extracts from a health advice magazine. For questions from 41 to 50, choose from
the extracts (A-F). The extracts may be chosen more than once.
In which extract is the following mentioned?
41. People may be unaware of something that is causing disease in their body.
42. Cutting back too much can be harmful
43. If you feel self-conscious, this could be for you.
44. A shocking hygiene confession is made.
45. This could be a flexible way to monitor your activity and performance levels.
46. A change in body reaction could be dangerous.
47. Drastic measures may not achieve the expected results.
48. You should reassess your lifestyle to see if it is causing a bad habit.
49. People need to be aware of the danger of something that seems safe.
50. A high-profile health problem boosts manufacturers’ turnover.
A There are now five times as many cases of food poisoning as there were 20 years ago. It's partly down to the fact
that we eat out more often. Consider that one in three men and one in five women admit that they don't wash their
hands after going to the toilet or before preparing food; it's enough to put you off popping out for a quick bite on a
Friday night. And before you reach for one of those mints sitting on the counter by the till, think how many non-hand-
washers have dipped their fingers into that bowl. But the problem isn't restricted to grubby eateries. More than half of
food poisoning infections are contracted in the home. This may be because people are eating more pre-prepared food
and shopping less often, so food is stored for longer. But most food poisoning is preventable if you know what you're
doing.
B Next time you have a headache, don't automatically reach for the painkillers. Using them too often could be more
dangerous than you think. For a vulnerable minority, the route to addiction can be alarmingly fast. It's thought that
overusing painkillers leads to changes in the way the brain handles pain signals, so it becomes oversensitive to stimuli
that wouldn't normally cause pain. As the pain threshold lowers, people seek out stronger medication and increase the
dosage and soon they are hooked. Somewhere along the line we have become blase about the dangers of these
medicines which are available in petrol stations, news agents and supermarkets. People must not assume that over
the counter drugs are safe because clearly this is not the case.
C The basic premise of detox is that we need to clear the toxic waste from our bodies every so often in order to stay
healthy. It sounds a reasonable idea, but nutrition experts are quick to point out that there's no evidence to support it.
Detoxing is a concept that underestimates the abilities of our liver and kidneys. Any toxins that do get absorbed are
very efficiently dealt with and secreted by our bodies. The concept of detox diets is irrational and unscientific. Those
promoting detox diets often claim that in order to detoxify, we should avoid foods such as wheat and dairy products.
The reality is that these foods provide us with important nutrients, and it is unnecessary and potentially harmful to
exclude them from the diet.
D There is a lot of publicity about the dangers of having 'high cholesterol' at the moment - mainly coming from
companies that make special foods that claim to lower it for you. It is a widespread problem though: according to the
British Heart Foundation, around two thirds of British people have a blood cholesterol level above the suggested
healthy target figure. And as there are no symptoms until it causes disease, many people with high cholesterol may
not be aware that they have it. However we need some cholesterol because the body wouldn't function without it! It is
a key part of cell membranes and it is also found in bile, which is important for digestion and absorption of fat.

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E Just like a real-time personal trainer (PT), an online coach discusses personal goals, tailors exercise schedules and
offers advice to clients of all abilities. Instead of face-to-face guidance, however, the virtual trainer gives feedback via
emails and texts - perfect for the self-conscious exerciser! While critics say that it is impossible to effectively train
clients without meeting them, online coaches offer a valuable compromise when it comes to training. First they are a
cost-effective alternative. Second, they represent a more flexible option, especially if your work takes up much of your
time or makes it difficult for you to commit to regular sessions. And just because your coach is in cyberspace, it
doesn't mean he won't be keeping tabs on you. The mere thought of the next email should have you racing to put on
your sports kit.
F Most of us are unclear as to where social drinking stops and alcohol dependency starts. A heavy-drinking student is
fairly normal, but a 40-year-old party animal? A sozzled 60-year-old? At what point do the questions demand a serious
answer? Recommendations from the government are that men should consume no more than three to four units of
alcohol a day and women only two to three units. Of course, committed social drinkers of all ages often ignore units,
taking comfort from the fact that they are not reaching for the bottle before lunchtime, and their friends are drinking
as much as they are so it must be alright. But you can even test yourself online by looking at Alcohol Concern's
website to determine if alarm bells should be ringing. Most people can reduce their alcohol consumption without
professional help but it's not just about cutting down, it's about editing your life to remove the reasons you are
drinking too much.
Part 5: Read the following passage and answer the questions from 51 to 60.
SPORTS PARTICIPATION AND RETENTION – HOW AND WHY
There is a growing awareness that starting an active lifestyle when you are young and continuing into adulthood is
beneficial. The government, therefore, needs to understand how and why people take part in sports in order to
encourage more participation. Unfortunately, assessing levels of participation is extremely difficult due to a wide range
of factors.
A. Both government and individuals have recognised for some time the need to establish an active lifestyle which does
not end when people leave school or university. In order to develop a coherent approach to how sports are organised
in the future, and to encourage participation from all levels of society, it is necessary to review some of the issues
which affect people’s attitudes towards sporting activities.
B. It is very difficult to envisage exactly what directions sport will take in the future. In the late seventies, experts
predicted that badminton and squash would become hugely popular. In reality, the number of participants has
decreased for squash, and remained static in the case of badminton. The current interest in yoga and pilates was
unpredicted. There are a variety reasons for these erroneous predictions. Thirty years ago, academic research was
limited in this area. Furthermore, and more fundamentally, participation in sports is affected by a wide range of
factors. Disposable income and health awareness significantly affect different levels of sports participation while socio-
economic class, gender, education and age also play a role.
C. Traditionally, there is a significant decline in participation in sports and other physical activities as people get older.
Whilst this remains common, there are indications that a new generation of more active older people is emerging. In a
recent General Household Survey, participation in at least one sport (excluding walking) in the 60-69 age group
increased from 23% in 1980 to 30% in 1996. This tendency can be traced to a number of factors. The generation
approaching retirement has had access to a much wider range of sports. This group will carry their sporting experience
into their later years. Furthermore, a large number of the population are retiring at an earlier age, which means more
active people are entering retirement.
D. A survey conducted in 1994 indicated that those who continued in full-time education after the minimum school-
leaving age had higher rates of sports participation than school leavers. Furthermore, this group was also more likely
to participate as they grew older. Reasons for this include a diverse range of activities available at universities and the
establishment of sporting habits and networks which continue into adulthood. It is worth noting that the increase in
female sports participation (an increase of 268% between 1975 and 1995 compared to 81% for males) has paralleled
a dramatic increase in the number of females in higher education.
E. The major investment in school-aged sport at both primary and secondary levels has a dual purpose. First of all, it
is designed to improve the physical activity levels of children and young people and assist in addressing the growing
concern over child obesity. Secondly, and perhaps more importantly, it helps establish the platform of life-long
involvement in sports. Such policies are based on the concept that early variety in sports participation is linked to
continuing adult participation. What this means very simply is that the more sports young people take part in, the
more likely they are to continue taking part into adulthood.

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F. Clearly, how sport develops is influenced by a wide range of factors: changing cultural attitudes and attitudes
towards health and fitness, in addition to how education policies are formulated. Traditional sports are very likely to
continue, and in certain areas, expand. In order to broaden the participation base and contribute to the government’s
health agenda, there is a need to address the issue of ‘life-time sports’. There is a clear need, for instance, to improve
our understanding of the processes of participation and retention in order to successfully address the needs of the
population for access to a diverse range of sports activities.
Questions 51-55: Choose the correct heading for each paragraph (A-F) from the list of headings below.
List of headings
i. The future direction of research into sport participation
ii. The development of more sporting venues
iii. A more active generation
iv. Increased diversification in sports
v. A re-examination of view on sport
vi. Advantages of participation from an early age
vii. The impact of further education
viii. Inaccurate predictions
ix. Awareness of health issues
Example: Paragraph A ____v____
51. Paragraph B ____viii_____ 52. Paragraph C ___iii______ 53. Paragraph D ____vii_____
54. Paragraph E _________ 55. Paragraph F _________
Questions 56-60: Answer the questions below using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
56. What two activities showed an unexpected rise in participation? Yoga and pilates
57. Why did it use to be difficult to foresee future interest in particular sports?
58. As well as retiring earlier, how is the new generation of retirees different? sporting experience
59. What choice of sports and activities do people have at university?
60. Apart from participation in sports, where else have numbers increased for females in the last thirty years?
SECTION D – WRITING
Part 1: Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the first one. Use the words
given and the words mustn’t be altered in any way.
1. Why did you have to cause so much trouble over something so unimportant? DANCE
 Why did you have to make ___________________________ something so unimportant?
2. It doesn’t look as though John wants to buy that house after all. DECIDED
 John _____________________________________________ buying that house after all.
3. Fewer people are buying fresh food since convenience foods have become available. DEMAND
 Fresh food is __________________________________________ of convenience food.
4. You can’t compare tabloids with quality newspaper. FISH
 Tabloids are __________________________________________ quality newspaper.
5. Her mother talked her out of walking out alone at night. DISSUADED
 It was ____dissuaded ______________________________________ walking out alone at night.
Part 2: This is part of a letter you receive from an English friend.
My parents want me to go on holiday with them next summer but I’d prefer to go
somewhere with my friends. I have to choose. What do you think I should do?
Write a letter in 120-150 words, giving your friend some advice. Use your name and address as Linda
Young, Golden City, 25 Minh Khai Street, Vinh.
Part 3: Write an essay (about 350 words) to state your viewpoint on the following topic
These days, behavioral issues among students in secondary schools are an increasing problem. What are the reasons
for this and how could the problem be solved?
_____ THE END _____

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