PRE-TEST

How do movement and interaction promote the evolution of society? 

In terms of movement and interaction, these both words or the so-called “social movement”
are instrumental in changing the path of a society. One great example of this is when a group of
people comes together with a shared idea, they can create long lasting effects by encouraging
change in their society or by resisting it, both of it will shape the future of a society. 
Somehow, social movement needs organization, leadership, and resources if they ever hope
to gain encouragement and make an impact on their society. It also depends on their goal of a
certain society. Activism movements are re-changing some aspects of society. Generally, activists
or the people who do activism in society work to change a community, aiming to make it a better
place. 

How does inequality of circumstance drive social interaction? 

Social movements have different types depending on their goal but not all social movements
are not just a group with an idea. On the other hand, inequality paved the way in different aspects
and in different parts of the world that has a negative effect on social interaction. 
Consider the example of the later problem of rights in the U.S about their discrimination act
towards black people. It was an action of groups who are oppressed or deprived of rights that other
people in their society enjoys. Due to this, it greatly affects the social interaction because social
movement needs strong unity, leadership, and organization in order to commit to a better and
well-developed society.
 Time period Philosopher/Geographer Contribution in History of Human Geography

484- 425 BCE Greek Geographer – Wrote a number of volumes on the human and physical geography of
Herodotus the Persian Empire.
276-194 BCE Thales, Aristotle, Other Greek contributors that made major contributions to
Eratosthenes, Strabo, and Geography.
Ptolemy
Middle Ages Idrisi, Ibn Battutah, Ibn Arab Geographers who maintained and enhanced Greek geographic
Khadlun learnings.
Latter Middle Marco Polo Beginning of the revival of geographic interest outside the Muslim
Ages world.

16th-17th CE Bernhardus Varenius Sound theoretical geography in the form of textbooks (Geographia
genaralis)

16th-17th CE Gerardus Mercator World maps

Ancient Greek and Romans Many notable figures of classical Antiquity contributed to the
Geography geographic art and sciences.
500 BCE- 500
CE
Ancient Greek and Romans Study of ancient and actual geography of the classical world enjoyed a
Geography geography’s antecedents florescence in this century.
(18th-19th CE)
Modern Alexander von Humboldt Systematic approach to Geography
geography
18th CE
Modern Karl Ritter Regional approach to Geography
geography
18th CE
Modern German school Dealt with physical Geography, developed a scientific and analytical
geography style of writing.
18th CE
Modern French school Known for its descriptive regional monographs
geography
18th CE
1950’s Ullman, William Garrison, and Aerial photography, remote sensors, and computer
Peter Haggert
Modern Ferdinand von Richtofen, German geographers who has important contribution to the
geography Albrecht Penck, Friedrich advancement of geography and development of geographic concepts.
Ratzel, Alfred Hettner, Karl
Haushofer, Walter Christaller
Modern Paul Vidal de la Blache, Jean French geographers who has important contribution to the
geography Brunches, Conrad Malte-Brun, advancement of geography and development of geographic concepts.
elisee Reclus, Emmanuel de
Martonne
Modern William Morris Davis, Isaiah American geographers who has important contribution to the
geography Bowman, Ellen Churchill advancement of geography and development of geographic concepts.
Semple, Carl Sauer, Albert
Brigham, Richard Hartshorne
E. Evaluation
2. Define the basic geographic concepts in geography.

The geographic concepts allow for the exploration of relationships and connections between
people and both natural and cultural environments and they have a spatial component. They
provide a framework that geographers use to interpret and represent information about the world.
Hence, these are the basic geographic concepts in Geography; Location, Distance, Space,
Accessibility, Spatial Interaction, Direction, Size and Scale, Distribution, Spatial Diffusion, Place,
Realms, and Regions.