Cyrelle Rose S.

Jumento NORSU Main Campus

BTLED IA III
GE Environment Science

1. Explain why we should preserve kelp forests.

The kelp forest should be helped to preserve because it is one of the most biologically diverse
ecosystems found in marine waters and without it there would be a less source of shelter or
food for marine life, and the kelp forest helps reduce shire erosion by trapping some of the
outgoing sand.

Describe three ways in which predators can increase their chances of feeding on their prey.
and three ways in which prey species can avoid their predators.

1. Camouflage
2. Chemical Warfare
3. Ability to fly and run faster than their prey.

Three ways in which prey species can avoid their predators.

1. Behavioral Strategies
2. Chemical Warfare
3. Warning Coloration

Define and give an example of coevolution.

It is the evolution of survivals of prey and predator, for them to survive in the wilderness both of
them will train and change their tactics in order to survive. The different species in this process
set a competitive field in the wild and to avoid being caught by the predator, the prey will evolve
its survival skills to stay alive. This process plays an important role in role in controlling the
population growth of predator and prey species, and it helps these species to thrive and to
contribute to important ecosystem services.

2. Define parasitism, mutualism, and commensalism and give an example of each.

Parasitism is a kind of parasite or animal that feeds to another living organism be either be in
inside or sticking in its skin, the parasite gets the benefit but for the host only gets harmed. One
example of this is the flies found in the dogs, where the flies will find a spot then attached itself
to the skin. When they tighten their grip, they now will suck the blood of the host till it gets thin
and weak if this is not treated eventually the host will die.

Mutualism
This is where both species benefit each other’s company by providing food, shelter, and
protection. One of the examples of this is rhinoceros and birds, the oxpecker(bird) will always
stick around with the rhino and eats fleas and flying bugs surrounding the rhino’s body. Both of
them benefited from each other the bird gets protection and food, the rhino has someone to
control the pest. In reality, the species in a mutualistic interaction benefit one another un
intentionally and are each in it for their own survival.
 Commensalism
One has benefitted the accompany of other as for the other don’t get any. The one who get
benefit doesn’t harming the host. The beneficiary gets shelter, nutrient, food, protection from
the host. One example is remora (family of Echineidae) that rides attached to sharks and other
fishes, the remora feeds on the left over of the shark’s food.

3. Explain how living systems achieve some degree of sustainability by undergoing constant change
in response to changing environmental conditions.
•The reasons why living system achieve some degree of sustainability by undergoing constant
change in response to changing environmental conditions because living systems contain
complex processes that interact to provide some degree of stability, or sustainability. This
stability, or capacity to with stand external stress and disturbance, is maintained only by
constant change in response to changing environmental conditions. For example, in a mature
tropical rain forest, some trees die and others take their places.
•For example once a large tract of tropical rain forest is cleared or severely damaged, the
resilience of the resulting degraded forest ecosystem may be so low that it reaches an ecological
tipping point after which it might not be restored by secondary ecological succession. One
reason for this is that most of the nutrients in a typical rain forest are stored in its vegetation,
not in the topsoil, as in most other terrestrial ecosystems. Once the nutrient-rich vegetation is
gone, daily rains can remove most of the remaining soil nutrients and thus prevent the return of
a tropical rain forest on a large cleared area.
•By contrast, grasslands are much less diverse than most forests, and consequently they have
low inertia and can burn easily. However, because most of their plant matter is stored in
underground roots, these ecosystems have high resilience and can recover quickly after a fire, as
their root systems produce new grasses. Grassland can be destroyed only if its roots are plowed
up and something else is planted in its place, or if it is severely overgrazed by livestock or other
herbIn terms of the stability of ecosystems, distinguish between inertia (persistence) and
resilience and give an example of each.

4. Distinguish between the exponential and logistic growth of a population and describe the nature
of their growth curves.

Define environmental resistance.

What is the carrying capacity of an environment?

Define and give an example of a population crash.