Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology

Well Testing Analysis

2/29/2016 Well Testing Analysis 1

 Contents
1 Primary Reservoir Characteristics
1.1 types of fluids in the reservoir;
1.2 flow regimes;
1.3 reservoir geometry;
1.4 number of flowing fluids in the reservoir

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 1.1 Types of fluids
1) incompressible fluids
2) slightly compressible fluids
3) compressible fluids
The isothermal compressibility coefficient c is described
mathematically by the following two equivalent expressions:
𝟏𝟏 𝛛𝛛𝛛𝛛 𝟏𝟏 𝛛𝛛𝛛𝛛
𝐜𝐜 = − =
𝐕𝐕 𝛛𝛛𝛛𝛛 𝐓𝐓 𝛒𝛒 𝛛𝛛𝛛𝛛 𝐓𝐓

Incompressible fluids
An incompressible fluid is defined as the fluid whose
volume or density does not change with pressure. That is
𝛛𝛛𝑽𝑽 𝝏𝝏𝝏𝝏
= 𝟎𝟎 𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 = 𝟎𝟎
𝝏𝝏𝝏𝝏 𝝏𝝏𝝏𝝏

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 1.1 Types of fluids
Slightly compressible fluids
These “slightly” compressible fluids exhibit small changes in
volume, or density, with changes in pressure. Knowing the volume
Vref of a slightly compressible liquid at a reference (initial) pressure
pref , the changes in the volumetric behavior
𝐩𝐩 𝐕𝐕 𝐝𝐝𝐕𝐕
−𝐜𝐜 ∫𝐩𝐩 𝐝𝐝𝐝𝐝 = ∫𝐕𝐕
𝐫𝐫𝐫𝐫𝐫𝐫 𝐫𝐫𝐫𝐫𝐫𝐫 𝐕𝐕
𝐕𝐕
 exp[c (pref – p)] =
𝑽𝑽𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓

 V = Vref exp[c (pref – p)] = Vref [1 + c (pref – p)]

Similar for density:
ρ = ρref [1 + c (pref – p)]

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 1.1 Types of fluids
Compressible fluids
These are fluids that experience large changes in volume as a
function of pressure. All gases are considered compressible fluids.
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝛛𝛛𝐙𝐙
𝐂𝐂𝐠𝐠 = −
𝑷𝑷 𝐙𝐙 𝛛𝛛𝛛𝛛 𝐓𝐓

Schematic illustrations of the volume and density changes as

a function of pressure for the three types of fluids.

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 1.2 Flow regimes
There are basically three types of flow regimes that must be
recognized in order to describe the fluid flow behavior and reservoir
pressure distribution as a function of time. These three flow regimes
are:
(1) steady-state flow;
(2) unsteady-state flow;
(3) pseudosteady-state flow.
Steady-state flow
The flow regime is identified as a steady-state flow if the
pressure at every location in the reservoir remains constant, i.e., does
not change with time.
𝛛𝛛𝑷𝑷
= 𝟎𝟎
𝛛𝛛𝒕𝒕 𝐓𝐓

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 1.2 Flow regimes
Unsteady-state flow
Unsteady-state flow (frequently called transient flow) is
defined as the fluid flowing condition at which the rate of change of
pressure with respect to time at any position in the reservoir is not
zero or constant.
𝝏𝝏𝑷𝑷
= 𝒇𝒇(𝒊𝒊, 𝒕𝒕)
𝝏𝝏𝒕𝒕
Pseudosteady-state flow
When the pressure at different locations in the reservoir is
declining linearly as a function of time, i.e., at a constant declining
rate, the flowing condition is characterized as pseudosteady-state
flow.
𝛛𝛛𝑷𝑷
= 𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜
𝛛𝛛𝒕𝒕 𝒊𝒊

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 1.2 Flow regimes

Flow regimes
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 1.3 Reservoir geometry

The shape of a reservoir has a significant effect on its

flow behavior. Most reservoirs have irregular boundaries
and a rigorous mathematical description of their geometry
is often possible only with the use of numerical simulators.
Radial flow
In the absence of severe reservoir heterogeneities,
flow into or away from a wellbore will follow radial flow
lines a substantial distance from the wellbore. Because
fluids move toward the well from all directions and
coverage at the wellbore, the term radial flow is used to
characterize the flow of fluid into the wellbore.

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 1.3 Reservoir geometry

Ideal radial flow into a wellbore.

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 1.3 Reservoir geometry
Linear flow
Linear flow occurs when
flow paths are parallel and
the fluid flows in a single
direction. In addition, the
Linear flow
cross-sectional area to flow
must be constant.

Ideal linear flow into vertical fracture

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 1.3 Reservoir geometry
Spherical and
hemispherical flow
Depending upon the type
Spherical flow due to limited entry
of wellbore completion
configuration, it is
possible to have spherical
or hemispherical flow
near the wellbore.

Hemispherical flow in a partially penetrating well

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 1.4 Number of flowing fluids in the reservoir
The mathematical expressions that are used to
predict the volumetric performance and pressure behavior
of a reservoir vary in form and complexity depending upon
the number of mobile fluids in the reservoir. There are
generally three cases of flowing system:
1. single-phase flow (oil, water, or gas);
2. two-phase flow (oil–water, oil–gas, or gas–water);
3. three-phase flow (oil, water, and gas).

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 2 Fluid Flow Equations
2.1 Darcy’s law
𝒒𝒒 𝒌𝒌 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅
𝒗𝒗 = = −
𝑨𝑨 𝝁𝝁 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅
For a horizontal-radial system, the pressure gradient is
𝒒𝒒𝒓𝒓 𝒌𝒌 𝝏𝝏𝒑𝒑
positive 𝒗𝒗 = =
𝑨𝑨𝒓𝒓 𝝁𝝁 𝝏𝝏𝝏𝝏 𝒓𝒓
qr = volumetric flow rate at radius r
Ar = 2πrh
cross-sectional area to flow at radius r
(∂p/∂r)r = pressure gradient at radius r
v = apparent velocity at radius r

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2.2 Steady-state flow
• linear flow of incompressible fluids;
• linear flow of slightly compressible fluids;
• linear flow of compressible fluids;
• radial flow of incompressible fluids;
• radial flow of slightly compressible fluids;

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2.2 Steady-state flow
• linear flow of incompressible fluids;
𝐪𝐪 𝐋𝐋 𝒌𝒌 𝐏𝐏𝐏𝐏
∫𝟎𝟎
𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 = − ∫𝑷𝑷𝟏𝟏 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅
𝐀𝐀 𝝁𝝁
𝟎𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎(𝑷𝑷𝟏𝟏 −𝑷𝑷𝟐𝟐 )
q=
𝝁𝝁𝑳𝑳

q = flow rate, bbl/day

k = absolute permeability, md
p = pressure, psia
μ= viscosity, cp
L = distance, ft
A= cross-sectional area, ft2
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 2.2 Steady-state flow
• linear flow of incompressible fluids;
Example 1:
L = 2000ft, k = 100md, φ = 15%, p2 = 1990psi
p1 = 2000psi, h = 20ft, width = 300ft μ = 2cp
ρ = 42 lb/ft3
a)flow rate in bbl/day;

b)apparent fluid velocity in ft/day;

c)actual fluid velocity in ft/day.

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 2.2 Steady-state flow
• linear flow of incompressible fluids;
Example 1:
∅i = fluid potential at point i, psi
pi = pressure at point i, psi
zi = vertical distance from point i to the selected
datum level
ρ = fluid density under reservoir conditions, lb/ft3
γ = fluid density under reservoir conditions, g/cm3;
this is not the fluid specific gravity
𝝆𝝆
∅𝒊𝒊 = 𝒑𝒑𝒊𝒊 − ∆𝒛𝒛𝒊𝒊
𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏
∅i = pi − 0. 433γ∆z

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 2.2 Steady-state flow
• linear flow of slightly compressible fluids;
V = Vref [1 + c (pref − p)]
q = qref [1 + c (pref − p)]
𝐪𝐪𝐫𝐫𝐫𝐫𝐟𝐟 [𝟏𝟏 + 𝐜𝐜 𝐩𝐩𝐫𝐫𝐫𝐫𝐟𝐟 − 𝐩𝐩 ] 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
=−
𝐀𝐀 𝛍𝛍𝐝𝐝𝐝𝐝
𝐪𝐪𝐫𝐫𝐫𝐫𝐟𝐟 𝐋𝐋 𝐤𝐤 𝐏𝐏𝐏𝐏 𝐝𝐝𝐝𝐝
� 𝐝𝐝𝐝𝐝 = −𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 �
𝐀𝐀 𝟎𝟎 𝛍𝛍 𝐏𝐏𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 + 𝐜𝐜 𝐩𝐩𝐫𝐫𝐫𝐫𝐟𝐟 − 𝐩𝐩
𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 + 𝐜𝐜 𝐩𝐩𝐫𝐫𝐫𝐫𝐟𝐟 − 𝐩𝐩𝟐𝟐
𝐪𝐪𝐫𝐫𝐫𝐫𝐟𝐟 = 𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥
𝛍𝛍𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜 𝟏𝟏 + 𝐜𝐜 𝐩𝐩𝐫𝐫𝐫𝐫𝐟𝐟 − 𝐩𝐩𝟏𝟏
qref = flow rate at a reference pressure pref , bbl/day
p1 = upstream pressure, psi
p2 = downstream pressure, psi
k = permeability, md
μ= viscosity, cp
c = average liquid compressibility, psi−1
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 2.2 Steady-state flow
Example 1.2 Consider the linear system given in
Example 1.1 and, assuming a slightly compressible liquid,
calculate the flow rate at both ends of the linear system.
The liquid has an average compressibility of 21×10-5 psi-1.

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 2.2 Steady-state flow
• Linear flow of compressible fluids (gases)
𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑
𝒏𝒏 =
𝒁𝒁𝒁𝒁𝒁𝒁
𝒏𝒏𝒁𝒁 𝑹𝑹𝑻𝑻
Standard conditions: 𝑽𝑽𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔 = 𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔 𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔
𝑷𝑷𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔
𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑 𝑷𝑷𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔 𝑽𝑽𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔
=
𝒁𝒁𝒁𝒁 𝑻𝑻𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔
The reservoir condition flow rate q, in bbl/day, and surface
condition flow rate Qsc, in scf/day
𝒑𝒑(𝟓𝟓. 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔) 𝑷𝑷𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔 𝑸𝑸𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔 𝑷𝑷𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔 𝑍𝑍𝑍𝑍 𝑸𝑸𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔
= ⇒q=
𝒁𝒁𝒁𝒁 𝑻𝑻𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔 𝑻𝑻𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔 𝑝𝑝 5.615
q = gas flow rate at pressure p in bbl/day
Qsc = gas flow rate at standard conditions, scf/day
Z = gas compressibility factor
Tsc, psc = standard temperature and pressure in ◦R and
psia, respectively.
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 2.2 Steady-state flow
• Linear flow of compressible fluids (gases)
𝑞𝑞 𝑷𝑷𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔 𝑍𝑍𝑍𝑍 𝑸𝑸𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔 1 𝟎𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐴𝐴
=
𝑻𝑻𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔 𝑝𝑝 5.615 𝐴𝐴
=− 𝝁𝝁𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅

𝐋𝐋
𝑸𝑸𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔 𝑷𝑷𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔 𝑻𝑻 𝟏𝟏 𝐏𝐏𝐏𝐏
� 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 = − � 𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑
0.006328 𝒌𝒌 𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔 𝟎𝟎 𝒁𝒁𝝁𝝁 𝑷𝑷𝟏𝟏
𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒌𝒌 𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔 (𝑷𝑷𝟐𝟐𝟏𝟏 −𝑷𝑷𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 )
𝑸𝑸𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔 =
𝑷𝑷𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔 𝑻𝑻𝑳𝑳𝒁𝒁𝝁𝝁

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 2.2 Steady-state flow
• Radial flow of incompressible fluids

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 2.2 Steady-state flow
• Radial flow of incompressible fluids
𝒒𝒒 𝒒𝒒 𝑸𝑸𝒐𝒐 𝑩𝑩𝒐𝒐 𝒌𝒌 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅
𝒗𝒗 = = = = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝑨𝑨𝒓𝒓 2πrh 2πrh 𝝁𝝁 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅
𝑸𝑸𝒐𝒐 𝒓𝒓𝟐𝟐 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 𝒌𝒌 𝐏𝐏𝐏𝐏
� = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 � 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅
2πh 𝒓𝒓𝟏𝟏 𝒓𝒓 𝝁𝝁𝒐𝒐 𝑩𝑩𝒐𝒐 𝑷𝑷𝟏𝟏

𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎(𝑷𝑷𝟐𝟐 − 𝑷𝑷𝟏𝟏 )

𝑸𝑸𝒐𝒐 =
𝝁𝝁𝒐𝒐 𝑩𝑩𝒐𝒐 ln(𝒓𝒓𝟐𝟐 /𝒓𝒓𝟏𝟏 )
𝑸𝑸𝒐𝒐 𝝁𝝁𝒐𝒐 𝑩𝑩𝒐𝒐 𝒓𝒓𝒆𝒆
⇒ 𝒑𝒑 = 𝒑𝒑𝒘𝒘𝒘𝒘 + 𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍( )
𝟎𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒓𝒓𝒘𝒘

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 2.2 Steady-state flow
• Radial flow of incompressible fluids
Example 3: An oil well in the Nameless Field is producing at a
stabilized rate of 600 STB/day at a stabilized bottom-hole
flowing pressure of 1800 psi. Analysis of the pressure buildup
test data indicates that the pay zone is characterized by a
permeability of 120 md and a uniform thickness of 25 ft. The
well drains an area of approximately 40 acres. The following
additional data is available:
rw = 0. 25 ft, A = 40 acres
Bo = 1. 25 bbl/STB, μo = 2. 5 cp
Calculate the pressure profile (distribution) and list the pressure
drop across 1 ft intervals from rw to 1.25ft, 4 to 5ft, 19 to 20ft,
99 to 100ft, and 744 to 745ft.
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 2.2 Steady-state flow
• Radial flow of incompressible fluids
r (ft) p (psi) Radius Pressure drop interval
0.25 1800
1.25 1942 0.25–1.25 1942−1800=142 psi
4 2045
5 2064 4–5 2064−2045=19 psi
19 2182
20 2186 19–20 2186−2182=4 psi
99 2328
100 2329 99–100 2329−2328=1 psi
744 2506.1
745 2506.2 744–745 2506.2−2506.1=0.1 psi
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 2.2 Steady-state flow
• Radial flow of slightly compressible fluids
𝒒𝒒 𝒒𝒒𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒇𝒇 𝟏𝟏 + 𝒄𝒄 𝒑𝒑𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒇𝒇 − 𝒑𝒑 𝑩𝑩𝒐𝒐 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
= =
𝑨𝑨𝒓𝒓 2πrh 𝝁𝝁𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅
𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌 𝟏𝟏 + 𝒄𝒄 𝒑𝒑𝒆𝒆 − 𝒑𝒑𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒇𝒇
𝒒𝒒𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒇𝒇 = 𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍
𝝁𝝁𝒐𝒐 𝒄𝒄𝒐𝒐 𝑩𝑩𝒐𝒐 ln(𝒓𝒓𝟐𝟐 /𝒓𝒓𝟏𝟏 ) 𝟏𝟏 + 𝒄𝒄 𝒑𝒑𝒘𝒘𝒘𝒘 − 𝒑𝒑𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓
𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝑸𝑸𝒐𝒐 = 𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍[𝟏𝟏 + 𝒄𝒄𝒐𝒐 𝒑𝒑𝒆𝒆 − 𝒑𝒑𝒘𝒘𝒘𝒘 ]
𝝁𝝁𝒐𝒐 𝒄𝒄𝒐𝒐 𝑩𝑩𝒐𝒐 ln(𝒓𝒓𝟐𝟐 /𝒓𝒓𝟏𝟏 )

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 2.2 Steady-state flow
• Radial flow of slightly compressible fluids
Example 4. The following data is available on a well in
the Red River Field: pe = 2506 psi, pwf = 1800 psi
re = 745 ft, rw = 0. 25ft Bo = 1. 25 bbl/STB, μo = 2.5 cp
k = 0. 12 darcy, h = 25ft co = 25 × 10−6 psi−1
Assuming a slightly compressible fluid, calculate
the oil flow rate. Compare the result with that of an
incompressible fluid.

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 2.2 Steady-state flow
• Radial flow of compressible gases
The basic differential form of Darcy’s law for a
horizontal laminar flow is valid for describing the flow of both
gas and liquid systems. For a radial gas flow, Darcy’s equation
takes the form
𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒌𝒌2πrh 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅
𝒒𝒒𝒈𝒈𝒈𝒈 =
𝝁𝝁𝒈𝒈 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅
qgr = gas flow rate at radius r, bbl/day
r = radial distance, ft
h = zone thickness, ft
μg = gas viscosity, cp
p = pressure, psi
0. 001127 = conversion constant from Darcy units to field units

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 2.2 Steady-state flow
• Radial flow of compressible gases
The gas flow rate is traditionally expressed in
scf/day. Referring to the gas flow rate at standard (surface)
condition as Qg
𝒒𝒒𝒈𝒈𝒓𝒓
𝑸𝑸𝒈𝒈𝒈𝒈 =
𝑩𝑩𝒈𝒈
𝒑𝒑𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔 𝒁𝒁𝒁𝒁
𝑩𝑩𝒈𝒈 =
𝟓𝟓. 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔 𝒑𝒑
𝒑𝒑𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔 𝒁𝒁𝒁𝒁 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎2πrh 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅
𝒒𝒒𝒈𝒈𝒈𝒈 = 𝑸𝑸𝒈𝒈𝒈𝒈 =
𝟓𝟓. 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔 𝒑𝒑 𝝁𝝁𝒈𝒈 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅
𝑻𝑻𝑸𝑸𝒈𝒈𝒈𝒈 𝒅𝒅𝒓𝒓 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐
=> = 0.703 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅
𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌 𝒓𝒓 𝒛𝒛𝝁𝝁𝒈𝒈

2/29/2016 Well Testing Analysis 33

 2.2 Steady-state flow
• Radial flow of compressible gases
𝒓𝒓𝒆𝒆 𝑻𝑻𝑸𝑸𝒈𝒈𝒈𝒈 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅
∫𝒓𝒓 =
𝒘𝒘 𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌 𝒓𝒓
𝐏𝐏 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝐏𝐏 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝑷𝑷𝒘𝒘𝒘𝒘 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐
𝟎𝟎. 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕 ∫𝒑𝒑 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕 ∫𝟎𝟎 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 − ∫𝟎𝟎 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅
𝒘𝒘𝒘𝒘 𝒛𝒛𝝁𝝁 𝒈𝒈 𝒛𝒛𝝁𝝁𝒈𝒈 𝒛𝒛𝝁𝝁𝒈𝒈

𝑷𝑷 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐
With m(p) = ψ = ∫𝟎𝟎 𝒛𝒛𝝁𝝁 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅
𝒈𝒈
𝑻𝑻𝑸𝑸𝒈𝒈𝒈𝒈 𝒓𝒓𝒆𝒆
Thus ln = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕(ψ – ψw)
𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌 𝒓𝒓𝒘𝒘
𝟎𝟎.𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕(ψ−ψ𝒘𝒘)
=>𝑸𝑸𝒈𝒈𝒈𝒈 = 𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓 (scf/day)
𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻(𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓)

𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌(ψ−ψ𝒘𝒘)
𝑸𝑸𝒈𝒈𝒈𝒈 = 𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓 (Mscf/day)
𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻(𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓)

2/29/2016 Well Testing Analysis 34

 2.2 Steady-state flow
Example 5:The PVT data from a gas well in the Anaconda
Gas Field is given below:
p (psi) muy z
The well is producing at a
0 0.0127 1
400 0.01286 0.937 stabilized bottom-hole flowing
800 0.0139 0.882 pressure of 3600 psi. The wellbore
1200 0.0153 0.832 radius is 0.3ft. The following
1600 0.0168 0.794 additional data is available:
2000 0.0184 0.77
k = 65 md, h = 15 ft, T = 6000R
2400 0.0201 0.763
2800 0.0217 0.775 pe = 4400 psi, re = 1000 ft
3200 0.0234 0.797 Calculate the gas flow rate in
3600 0.025 0.827 Mscf/day.
4000 0.0266 0.86
4400 0.02831 0.896
2/29/2016 Well Testing Analysis 35
• Xác định sự sụt giảm áp suất tại vị trí cách
giếng 500ft khi khai thác với lưu lượng
50mmscf/D.
Tính hiệu phi rồi xác định lại p

2/29/2016 36
1. PAPAY METHOD (1968)
2. HANKINSON-THOMAS-PHILLIPS METHOD (1969)
3. HALL-YARBOROUGH METHOD (1973)
4. DRANCHUK-PURVIS-ROBINSON METHOD (1974)
5. DRANCHUK & ABOU - KASSEM CORRELATION (1975)

1. STANDING + DEMPSEY'S CORRELATION (1965)

2. CORRELATION BY LEE, GONZALEZ AND EAKIN (1966)
3. CORRELATION BY DEAN AND STIEL (1965)