Ethanol production in the next millennium: thinking outside the box 3

The Alcohol Textbook

3rd Edition

A reference for the beverage, fuel and industrial alcohol industries

K. Jacques, PhD
T.P. Lyons, PhD
D.R. Kelsall

Nottingham University Press

Manor Farm, Main Street, Thrumpton
Nottingham, NG11 0AX, United Kingdom

NOTTINGHAM

Published by Nottingham Universtiy Press (2nd Edition) 1995

Third edition published 1999
© Alltech Inc 1999

All rights reserved. No part of this publication

may be reproduced in any material form
(including photocopying or storing in any
medium by electronic means and whether or not
transiently or incidentally to some other use of
this publication) without the written permission
of the copyright holder except in accordance with
the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and
Patents Act 1988. Applications for the copyright
holder’s written permission to reproduce any part
of this publication should be addressed to the publishers.

ISBN 1-897676-735

Typeset by Nottingham University Press, Nottingham

Printed and bound by Redwood Books, Trowbridge, Wiltshire
 Ethanol production in the next millennium: thinking outside the box 5

Contents

Foreword by T.P. Lyons

1 Thinking outside the box 1

Ethanol production in the next millennium: processors of raw materials,
not just ethanol producers
T.P. Lyons
Alltech Inc., Nicholasville, Kentucky, USA

Cooking and fermentation: optimizing ethanol production by yeast

2 Grain dry milling and cooking for alcohol production: 7

designing for 23% ethanol and maximum yield
D.R. Kelsall and T.P. Lyons
Alltech Inc., Nicholasville, Kentucky, USA
3 Management of fermentations in the production of alcohol: 25
moving toward 23% ethanol
D.R. Kelsall and T.P. Lyons
Alltech Inc., Nicholasville, Kentucky, USA
4 The wet milling process: the basis for corn wet milling alcohol production 39
C.R. Keim
Sarasota, Florida, USA
5 Alcohol production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae: a yeast primer 49
W. M. Ingledew
Applied Microbiology and Food Science Department, University of Saskatchewan,
Saskatoon, SK, Canada

Feedstock alternatives for ethanol production

6 Molasses as a feedstock for alcohol production 89

J.E. Murtagh
Murtagh & Associates, Winchester, Virginia, USA
7 Whey alcohol – a viable outlet for whey? 97
J. O’Shea
Alltech Inc., Dunboyne, County Meath, Ireland
8 Lignocellulosic feedstocks for ethanol production: 107
the ultimate renewable energy source
R. Katzen, P.W. Madson and D.A. Monceaux
KATZEN International, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
K. Bevernitz
Neenah, Wisconsin,USA
6 T.P. Lyons

9 Alcohol production from cellulosic biomass: 117

the Iogen process, a model system in operation
J.S. Tolan
Iogen Corporation, Ottawa, Canada
10 Alternative feedstocks: a case study of waste conversion to ethanol 129
D.A. Monceaux and P.W. Madson
KATZEN International, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio, USA

Beverage alcohol production: tradition and technology

11 Production of Scotch and Irish whiskies: their history and evolution 137
T.P. Lyons
Alltech Inc., Nicholasville, KY, USA
12 Production of Canadian rye whisky: the whisky of the prairies 169
J.A. Morrison
Distillery Scientist, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
13 Production of neutral spirits and preparation of gin and vodka 195
J.E. Murtagh
Murtagh & Associates, Winchester, Virginia, USA
14 Production of American whiskies: bourbon, corn, rye and Tennessee 211
R. Ralph
Ron Ralph & Associates Inc, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
15 Tequila production from agave: historical influences 225
and contemporary processes
M. Cedeño Cruz and J. Alvarez-Jacobs
Tequila Herradura, S.A. de C.V. Ex-Hda San Jose del Refugio, Amatitán, Jalisco, México
16 Feedstocks, fermentation and distillation for production 243
of heavy and light rums
J.E. Murtagh
Murtagh & Associates, Winchester, Virginia, USA

Engineering efficient systems: process technology

17 Fuel ethanol production 257

P.W. Madson and D.A. Monceaux
KATZEN International, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
18 Alcohol distillation: the fundamentals 269
R. Katzen, P.W. Madson and G.D. Moon, Jr.
KATZEN International, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
19 Molecular sieve dehydrators 289
How they became the industry standard and how they work
R.L. Bibb Swain
Delta-T Corporation, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA
 Ethanol production in the next millennium: thinking outside the box 7

Quality control, quality issues

20 Distillery quality control 295

S.A. Wright
Hiram Walker and Sons, Walkerville, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
21 Bacterial contaminants and their effects on alcohol production 317
C. Connolly
Alltech Inc., Nicholasville, Kentucky, USA

Looking toward the future

22 Novel uses for distillery co-products 335

P. Torre
Alltech Inc., Nicholasville, Kentucky, USA

The Alcohol Alphabet 347

A glossary of terms used in the ethanol-producing industries
Compliled by J.E. Murtagh