Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Natures of Planning
and Types of Plan
Benjamin S. Mangabat
writer
Hello, I am Teacher Ben. I am here to help you in your journey of learning about
the nature of planning and types of plan. Have you experienced making a plan
or business plans? Those are some examples which are related to your lessons in
Types of Plans
Matching Type
Match the items in Column 1 to items in Column 2. Answer in letters corresponding
to the correct answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.
Column 1 Column 2
Identification: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
a Goals g Importance of planning
b planning steps h CEOs/Presidents
c effective planning I planning types
d steps in decision making process j decision making
e Decisions k decision maker
f Plans l Planning
_______1. is a process that involves the setting of the organization’s goals,
establishing strategies for accomplishing those goals and developing plans of
actions that managers intend to use to achieve said organizational goals.
_______2. it provides direction to all of the organization’s human resources:
managers and employees; and it reduces uncertainty and minimizes wastes of
time, effort, and resources.
_______3. Goals are the targets that management desires to reach while plans are
the means or actions which management intends to use to achieve the said
goals/targets.
_______4. Plans are best described in terms of their comprehensiveness, time
frame, specificity, and frequency of use.
_______5. It includes the following: strategic, tactical, operational, long term, short
term, directional, specific, single use, and standing plans.
_______6. It includes: defining of goals/objectives determining where you stand in
relation to set goals/objectives, developing premise regarding future conditions,
analyzing and choosing action alternatives, implementing the plan, evaluating
results, and taking corrective action, if needed.
_______7. they must see to it that all communication lines in their organization are
open to ensure excellent dissemination of information to all levels.
_______8. must make use of the following: forecasting, contingency factors that
make use of alternative courses of action when things go wrong; scenario
planning that consider future states of affair; benchmarking which compare
company practices and technologies with those of other companies considered
as industry leaders; and participatory planning which includes, in all planning
steps, all the people affected by the plan and those who will be asked to
implement them.
_______9. is the choosing of the appropriate alternative.
_______10. these are: a) identification of the problem, b) identification of the
decision criteria, c) allocation of weights to the criteria, d) development of
alternatives, e) analysis of alternatives, f) selection of an alternative, g)
implementation of the alternative chosen, and h) evaluation of decision
effectiveness
_______11. may be done under a) certainty conditions and b) uncertainty/risk
conditions.
_______12. In risk or uncertainty conditions, the _________ is compelled to do
estimates regarding the possible occurrence of certain outcomes that may affect
his or her chosen solution.
Lesson
5
goals and activities that an organization will pursue in the future. Planning is the
levels in the firm, but all these must be integrated and directed towards the
What to do?
How to do?
When to do it?
which managers establish goal, define methods and think of strategies by which
objectives and the actions to achieved them, it requires decision making, which
facts and the making and using of assumptions regarding the future in the
by looking ahead into the future, by estimating and evaluating the future
Plans have two basic components; goals and action plans. Goals represent
an end statement, the targets, and results that managers hope to achieve. While
the action plan, represent the means by which an organization goes ahead to
as follows:
Planning is goal oriented
Planning is flexible
My dear learners you don’t need to make an essay using pen and paper. You just
need to select from the given “purpose of planning text” and identify the clipart/
pictures which symbolizes or represent purpose of planning listed below to get the
answer. Supply your answer at the blank line provided for you.
_______________________________________________________________.
2. Were you able to easily determine the equivalent clipart or pictures which
_______________________________________________________________.
_______________________________________________________________.
_______________________________________________________________.
Hello there! Study the sequence of Planning Process below.
Planning Process
3. Developing premises
4. Establishment of Objectives
The proper sequence of planning process should be: (write the corresponding
1 2 3 4 5 6
Planning Process:
which plans are made and implemented. Thus assumptions about market
Different alternatives are evaluated against factors like costs, risks and benefits
chosen
formulated to support the basic plan. E.g. Detailed plans formulated for various
departments, units, activities etc. Derivatives plans indicate the time schedule
various departments and take their suggestions and criticisms to rectify the
motivates them to carry out the plan with best of their abilities.
6. Providing for follow-up – Plans are constantly reviewed to ensure their
environment. It helps to develop sound plans for the future and avoiding
Since you already learned about planning, nature of planning, and the
1. This plan is the foundational basis of the organization and will form part of the
long-term decision.
2. This plan describes the tactics the organization plans to use to achieve the
4. These managers are responsible for controlling and overseeing the entire
organization.
a. Top-level managers c. Middle-level managers
MANAGERS
Function/Position/Duties Top- Middle- Lower-
level level level
Corporate head
General Manager
Board of Director
Plant Manager
First-line managers or supervisors
Responsible for controlling and overseeing the entire
organization.
Execute organizational plans in conformance with
the company policies and objectives.
Office Manager
Responsible for setting goals for their department
and other business units.
Play a significant role in the mobilization of outside
resources.
Focus on controlling and directing
Regional & Division Manager
Chief Operational Officer
These manager that most employees interact with
on a daily basis.
Cascade the goals among their subordinate to be
carried out specifically.
Types of Plan
guidelines for achieving a stated objective. Planning is carried out, and managers
Below are the three (3) types of plans used by management in order it out within
an organization framework:
its vision, mission, corporate objectives, and values. This plan is the foundational
basis of the organization and will form part of the long-term decision. The
scope of the plan can be two, three, five or even ten years.
Managers at every level will turn to the strategic plan to guide their decisions.
It will also influence the culture within an organization and how it interacts with
customers. Thus, the strategic plan must be forward looking and flexible. This
Vision - Where does the organization want to be five years from now?
ambitions. Why does the company exist? What does it aim to achieve?
Values – How do you want to inspire the world? How do you want to be
known?
2. Tactical Plan – describes the tactics the organization plans to use to achieve
the ambitions outlined in the strategic plan. It is a short range, say less than one
year, a low-level document that breaks own broader mission statements into
The tactical plan specifically focuses on coming out with specific deadlines,
timetables, budget, the resources, the person responsible for the project and
3. Operational Plan – the operational plan describes the day to day running of
the company. The operational plan charts out a roadmap to achieve the
tactical goals within the timeframe. This plan is highly specific with an emphasis
on short-term objectives.
such as sales rally, marketing campaign, and recruitment drive, etc. Single
Top – level managers are the chairperson, board of director, president, CEO
(Chief Executive Officer), CFO (Chief Financial Officer), COO (Chief Operational
Officer), Vice-president and Corporate head. These managers are responsible for
controlling and overseeing the entire organization. They are the ones who the fire.
others have been groomed and trained, moved up from the ranks and are part
Top managers do not direct the day-to-day activities of the firm, rather they
set goals, leads the entire company to achieve the goals set. The goals, mission,
vision of the firm is apparently set to the entire firm as a guide in achieving the set
goal.
Middle-level Managers
top managers. Their job titles include: General Manager, Regional Manager,
Middle manager are responsible for carrying out the goals set by top
business units. Middle managers motivate and assist first-line managers to achieve
suggestions and feedback to top executives Because middle managers are more
company policies and objectives. They define and discuss information from top
indicators, diagnose and resolve problems within and among work groups. They
managers have job titles such as Office Manager, Department Manager, Store
are responsible for the daily management of line workers or the employees.
organization, they have an unyielding influence on the company. These are the
managers that most employees interact with on a daily basis if the managers’
supervised and monitored, ensuring the quality of work and production is being