Gerunds

I can recognize the indicators and use gerunds where appropriate

Gerund
 When you add -ing to a verb, it can act like a noun.

It is called a gerund.

A gerund can be the subject of a sentence.

Running is lots of fun.

Joining the English club will improve your English.

 A gerund can also be the object of a sentence.

Dina enjoys jogging in the morning.

1 Underline the gerunds. Write (S) if the gerunds are Subjects, (O) if the gerunds are Objects.

0. She stopped smoking. (O)

1. Climbing is not as easy as it looks.

2. Riding a roller coaster scares my little brother.

3. Mark likes playing the trumpet.

4. In the summer, Kara prefers swimming.

5. I finished doing my homework.

6. Watching television does not burn many calories.

7. Running is a good exercise.

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2 Look and write full sentences. Use the -ing form.

0. She / like / run 1. He / be / good at/ write

She likes running __________________________________

2. David/ hate/ play/ soccer 3. Sally/ enjoy/ jump/ rope

___________________________________ ___________________________________

4. They / like / play/ chess 5. My sister/ be / interested in/ cook

___________________________________ ___________________________________

ride e + ing riding

agree + ing agreeing

tie ie + y + ing tying

run double the consonant + ing running

2
  We use the –ing form after some verbs (e.g. like, love, enjoy, hate, stop, try, start, finish,
keep, don’t mind, can’t help, etc.)

Sarah likes playing the trumpet.

Dina enjoys jogging and playing sports with her parents.

 We use the –ing form after prepositions such as at, in, on, of, about, etc.

How about joining the science club?

Henry is good at drawing.

 We often use go + the –ing form for sports and other activities.

I often go swimming at the weekend.

Leo went shopping yesterday.

1 Complete the sentences with the -ing form of verbs in the box.

meet tidy practice cook sleep swim wait drink

0. We enjoyed meeting the head teacher.

1. I hate _________________ for the bus.

2. You can improve by ______________________.

3. Did you go ___________________ in the lake?

4. Have you finished ___________________ your room?

5. I like eating but I can’t stand _______________________.

6. I’ve given up ______________________ cola.

7. Rosy is still in bed. She loves ______________________ !

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2 Complete the conversation with the –ing form of the verbs in the brackets.

Paul I don’t think people like 0 reading (read) poems in magazines.

Jane What are you going to write then?

Paul Well, I enjoy 1 ____________ (watch) football matches and I’m good at
2___________ (write) about them, so I’ll write a sports report.

Jane I hate 3______________ (read) about sports, but I don’t mind 4 ___________ (learn)

about music. What about 5_____________ (have) a music page? Music is always

popular.

Paul And a joke page. I’m good at 6_____________ (tell) jokes.

Jane Are you still interested in 7 _____________ (interview) people?

Paul Yes, I think. I’ll interview the captain of the school football team.

Jane Good idea. He won’t mind 8____________ (talk) about football.

After some verbs we can use to + infinitive or an -ing form without an

important change in meaning. These verbs are begin, continue, hate, like,
love, start and a few others.

I hate getting up early. or I hate to get up early.

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 Wrap up

1 Give the gerund forms of the verbs.

0. I can’t stand (see) seeing animals in cages.

1. Tom avoids (study) ________________ his lessons as long as possible.

2. I’m excited about (go) _________________ on vacation.

3. I’m on the school basketball team. (Be) ________________ part of a team is great.

4. How about (join) ____________________ an English club after school?

5. My mother isn’t interested in (cook) __________________.

6. (Play) ________________ soccer is lots of fun.

7. Most people enjoy (write) ________________ letters to their friends.

8. Lisa doesn’t like (run) __________________. (Swim) ________________ is her favourite

sport.

9. Sam is good at (climb) _________________.

2 Write the sentences. Use gerunds.

0. He / be/ interested in / cook

He is interested in cooking.

1. Kate / enjoy / join / the art club

___________________________________________________________________________

2. Katie / be / good at / play / piano

___________________________________________________________________________

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3 Complete the text with the words in the box.

watch go run play read

Yesterday, there was a soccer match at our school. Our school team played against

a team from another school. I’m good at 0 playing soccer, so I’m on the school team. I was

very excited before the match. I wanted to score a goal and help my team win the game.

My parents came to the match with my brother and sister. My brother loves 1_____________

to soccer matches, but my sister hates 2_______________ sports. She was very bored at

the match, so she read a magazine. She always enjoys 3__________________. The match

started and my team played very well. It was a cold day, but 4_______________ around

made me warm. I scored two goals and my team won the match. It was amazing!

4 Write FULL answers about you.

0. What’s your favorite game?

I like playing _______________________________________________________________

1. What are you interested in?

I’m _______________________________________________________________________

2. What do you hate doing?

__________________________________________________________________________

3. What are you excited about?

__________________________________________________________________________

4. Are you good at drawing? How about joining the school art club?

__________________________________________________________________________

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 Past Simple
I can use Past simple tense.

Past Simple Tense

 We use the past simple to talk about actions that started and finished in the past.

It was great!

I played soccer yesterday.

She went camping last weekend.

 We often use past time expressions with the past simple.

Look for signal words like when, later, ago, last,...

Regular verbs

 To form the past simple of regular verbs we add -ed to the infinitive form.

James cooked a big meal last night.

 Spelling rules:

Most verbs: + -ed ask asked

Verbs ending in -e: + -d live lived
Verbs ending in vowel + -y: + -ed play played
Verbs ending in consonant + -y:  -ied study studied
Verbs ending in one vowel + one consonant:
plan planned
double the consonant
Stress not on last syllable: don’t double
listen listened
consonant
If consonant is -w, -x or -y: don’t double
relax relaxed
consonant

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1 Write the past simple form of the verbs.

0 agree agreed 7 miss

1 ask 8 need

2 close 9 plan

3 cry 10 rain

4 dance 11 stop

5 enjoy 12 study

6 hate 13 try

2 Make past simple sentences with past time expressions.

0. When

When I was a child, I loved playing dolls.

1. last

______________________________________________________________________________

2. ago

______________________________________________________________________________

3. yesterday

______________________________________________________________________________

4. later

_______________________________________________________________________________

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 Simple Past: Be

 We use the past simple of be to talk about situations that finished in the past.

He was a pilot.

His parents were very angry.

The exam wasn’t difficult.

‘Were you at school yesterday?’ ‘No, I wasn’t ‘

Where was Jake last week?

There was a lot of traffic in the street.

1 Write was, wasn’t, were or weren’t

0. She was a doctor. (+)

0. They weren’t in class yesterday. (-)

1. I ___________hungry. (+)

2. She ______________ upset. (+)

3. The boys _____________ happy. (-)

4. The princess _____________ beautiful but the frog ___________ ugly. (+)

5. They ___________ farmers. (+)

6. Anna and I ____________ in the park yesterday. (-)

7. There ____________ a big bag under my desk yesterday. (+)

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 Simple Past: Irregular

 Many verbs in the past simple are irregular. There are no rules for the affirmative

past simple form if they are irregular verbs. You must learn each form individually.

go went buy bought take took

See the list on page 107 - 110

1 Complete the crossword with the irregular past simple form.

Across
3. leave
5. buy
7. break
8. come
9. forget
12. read

Down
1. go
2. spend
4. get
5. become
6. have
9. find
10. take
11. make

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 Past Simple: Negative and Question Forms

 We make the past simple negative and question forms of regular and irregular verbs

with did and didn’t + the infinitive.

‘Did you see Anna yesterday? ‘No, I didn’t.’

‘I didn’t go to school last week.’

Where did James go last summer?

1 Complete the sentences with the correct past simple form of the verbs in the brackets.

0. It didn’t rain yesterday. (not rain)

1. My sister _____________________ English at school. (not study)

2. Peter _______________________ his leg last week. (break)

3. I _______________ rice and chicken for my lunch yesterday. (eat)

4. Anna _________________ to Thailand with her family last month. (not go)

5. _______ she _________ a birthday party last night? (have)

6. What ____________ your mum ___________ last night? (cook)

7. Lisa _________________ after the exam. (cry)

8. He ________________ soccer in the playground yesterday. (play)

9. My dad _______________ me a birthday gift last week. (give)

10. We __________________ the car last weekend. (not wash)

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2 Write complete sentences. Use the past simple of the verbs.

0. I/ go swimming/ yesterday.

 I went swimming yesterday.

1. Mary / cook/ chicken noodles/ dinner.

___________________________________________________________________________

2. My father/ play/ golf/ yesterday.

___________________________________________________________________________

3. Lisa/ eat/ chicken/ dinner.

___________________________________________________________________________

4. We/ not go/ school/ last week.

___________________________________________________________________________

5. Peter and I/ study/ hard/ last weekend.

___________________________________________________________________________

6. Daisy / listen/ to music/ last night.

___________________________________________________________________________

7. Mrs. Nhung/ wash/ the dishes/ yesterday?

___________________________________________________________________________

8. We/ not see/ Mike/ last night.

___________________________________________________________________________

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 Wrap up

1 Underline one mistake in each sentence. Then correct them.

0. How were your English class today?

 How was your English class today?

1. Did you watched the football match yesterday?

 ________________________________________________________________________________

2. What gift do you get for your mother last night?

 ________________________________________________________________________________

3. We have the first Science lesson one week ago.

 ________________________________________________________________________________

4. Was you happy this morning?

 ________________________________________________________________________________

5. When Zia was eighteen years old, she get married.

 ________________________________________________________________________________

2 Write sentences in the past simple.

0. They didn’t play football last Saturday. They went to the beach.

(They/ play/ football , they/ go/ to the beach )

1. _________________________ yesterday. ____________________________________.

(He/ wake up , he/ feel tired )

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 2. _________________________ last night. ____________________________________.

(I/ study , I/ listen/ to music )

3. ________________________ two days ago because ___________________________.

(She/ buy/ a dress , she/ have/ monkey )

4. __________________________ last semester. ________________________________.

(Richard/ try/ his best , he/ get / bad result )

5. __________________________ last weekend. ________________________________.

(We/ go for a picnic , we / have / a small party )

3 Order the sentences to tell the story of what Owen did yesterday.

0. He went to town to meet his friend. _______

1. He won the game. _______

2. He had toast for breakfast. _______

3. In the evening, he played chess with his sister. _______

4. They watched a film called The Scientist. _______

5. He got up early. 0
_______

6. They had a milkshake then went to the cinema. _______

7. It was funny. _______

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 Comparative and Superlative
I can use Comparative and Superlative forms of short adjectives.

Comparative and Superlative (short adjectives)

We use the comparative adjective with We use the superlative adjective with the
than to compare two people or things when we compare three or more people/
things

Andy is stronger than Tim. but Mike is the strongest.

 We can use a comparative form when one of the things is something we know about.

He is much taller now. (than at some time in the past that we know about)

Spelling rules: Adjective Comparative Superlative

one syllable ending in
small smaller the smallest
consonant

one syllable ending in -e nice nicer the nicest

one syllable ending in

big bigger the biggest
vowel + consonant

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1 Write the comparative and superlative forms of the adjectives.

Adjective Comparative Superlative

0 hot hotter hottest

1 long

2 thin

3 clean

4 strong

5 old

6 big

Adjectives ending in -w don’t double the consonant:

new newer the newest

Adjectives ending in -y: change -y  -i

easy easier the easiest

Irregular adjectives:

Adjective Comparative Superlative

good better the best

bad worse the worst

far farther/ further the farthest/ furthest

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2 Complete the sentences with the comparative form of the adjectives in brackets.

0. He is taller than his brother. (tall)

1. A village is ________________ than a city. (small)

2. My house is much __________________________ now. (big)

3. The red coat is _______________________ than the blue coat in the shop. (cheap)

4. Today is _______________________ than yesterday. (cold)

5. My sister is ____________________ than my brother. (thin)

6. My new pencil is ___________________ than my ruler. (long)

7. Nick is _____________ than Mike. (fast)

8. Tom is _____________ than Bob. (young)

9. My test score is __________________ than Zia’s one. (bad)

10. The grey rock is ________________ than the black one. (heavy)

3 Complete the questions with the superlative form of the adjectives in brackets.

0. Who’s the youngest person in our group? (young)

1. What’s _____________ thing on your table? (small)

2. In our group, who has _______________ handwriting? (neat)

3. Where is _______________ place to sit in this room? (good)

4. Who has got _______________ shoes in the classroom? (clean)

5. What’s _______________ thing you can see out of the window? (far)

6. Who’s _______________ student in your class? (clever)

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4 Complete the questions with comparative or superlative forms of the adjectives.

0. Bill / tall / his brother

 Bill is taller than his brother.

0. Bill / tall / his family

 Bill is the tallest in his family.

1. Russia / big / Korea

_________________________________________________________________________

2. Bikes / cheap / cars

_________________________________________________________________________

3. Louis / happy / now

_________________________________________________________________________

4. This building / tall / the town

_________________________________________________________________________

5. The sea / large / the lake

_________________________________________________________________________

6. Monday / bad / day / the week

_________________________________________________________________________

7. My English score / good / my Math score

_________________________________________________________________________

8. The boys / lazy / the girls

_________________________________________________________________________

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 Wrap up

1 Circle the correct answer.

0. Our classroom is warmer / more warmer 5. I am the tallest / taller in my class.

than yours. 6. He gets up early / earlier than he did.

1. George tells more good / better jokes than 7. It was the stranger / strangest story he

Adam. had ever heard.

2. Her hair is lighter than / of mine. 8. They have the / a best garden I’ve ever

3. She is a clever / cleverest student. seen.

4. My great-grandfather is the oldest person 9. Tom is the younger / youngest boy.

than / in my family.
2 Complete with the comparative or the superlative forms of the adjectives.

0. Francis and Harry have worked harder than anyone else on this project. hard

1. Let’s sit in the garden; it’s _______________ the house. cool

2. It was __________________ thing he had ever done. great

3. Your score was _____________ in the class. Well done! high

4. This is ________________ hair cut I have ever had. short

5. He’s ________________ in his family. He never cleans up if he can avoid it! lazy

6. Her dress is ________________ mine. nice

7. The apples are _____________________ they were last week. cheap

8. A donut is a _____________ snack _____________ a pot of yogurt. bad

9. Today the boys are ______________________ the girls. strong

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3 Look at the two bedrooms. Describe the differences using the words in the box.

big small clean old high low tidy

0. Bedroom 1 is bigger than bedroom 2.

1. ______________________________________________________________________________

2. ______________________________________________________________________________

3. ______________________________________________________________________________

4. ______________________________________________________________________________

5. ______________________________________________________________________________

6. ______________________________________________________________________________

4 Unscramble the words to make the questions.

0. can / the / arrive / earliest / at school / who Who can arrive at school the earliest?

1. run / the / who / fastest / can _________________________________

2. lives / from / the / further / school / who _________________________________

3. is/ in my family/ who/ tallest/ the/ _________________________________

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 Could, be going to
I can use could to express possibility and be going to to talk about events in future.

Could
Could
 We use could + verb in the affirmative form to
express possibility or make suggestions.
How could we go to The
We could watch TV. (make a suggestion)
Big Night museum?
Questions with could
 What could asks for information of things or
actions to put an idea into somebody’s mind.
What could we use to decorate the party this
weekend?
We could use colorful balloons.
 How could commonly means ‘in what way’ or ‘to
what extent’ to suggest a plan.
We could take a How could we broadcast our Art Club?
taxi. We could make beautiful posters.
 How much could plans the price of something.
How much could we charge to wash one car?
We could charge $100 a car.

1 Put the words in correct order.

0. Karaoke Club / could / a short clip / We / make / about /.

We could make a short clip about Karaoke Club.

1. a collage / could / You / make / .

_________________________________________________________________________________

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 2. could / the town park / They / clean up / .

_________________________________________________________________________________

3. We / in cappuccino / sprinkle with / could / chocolate / .

_________________________________________________________________________________

4. an art fair / your art work / You / have / and / sell / could / .

_________________________________________________________________________________

5. to raise / a car wash / I think / we / have / money / could / .

_________________________________________________________________________________

2 Complete the questions. Use how could , how much could or what could . Then match

questions with suggestions.

0. How could we raise money for our club? a. We could have a car
wash.
1. __________________ Blakely help her sick
friend? b. She could sell her
cupcakes for $1 each.
2. __________________ she sell a cupcake?
c. They could sell their
3. __________________ Vedullapalli and his
artwork.
friends donate the money to a local children’s
hospital in Seattle? d. He could create Biking
for American.
4. __________________ Joseph help less
fortunate kids? e. She could sell cupcake
after school.
5. __________________ we do in Dan’s party?
f. It charges $5 each.
6. __________________ Carolyn charge to make
a new poster? g. We could have a dance.

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3 Look at the table. Then write sentences with could.

Sell T-shirt
Design Perform Make and
Have a Write an on the
Name colorful songs and post videos
cake sale article school
posters dance on Facebook
website
Jill 
Sarah 
Tina  
Nina 
Ken  
Ben  
0. Jill could have a cake sale.

1. ________________________________________________________________________________

2. ________________________________________________________________________________

3. ________________________________________________________________________________

4. ________________________________________________________________________________

5. ________________________________________________________________________________

Be going to
 We can use be going to to talk about events in the future.
I’m going to visit the elephant house.
 We use be going to + base form. We often use the contracted form ‘m, ‘re, ‘s in the
affirmative and negative but not in the question.
They’re going to design a new poster in their campaign.
I’m not going to visit the reptile house.
What are you going to do first?
 We don’t use contractions in affirmative short answers with be going to.
Are you going to visit the reptile house first? Yes, we are. / No, we aren’t.
Is he going to travel around the world? Yes, he is. / No, he isn’t.

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1 Read and circle the correct answer.

0. I’m go to / going to look at the monkey house.

1. We ‘s / ‘re going to order chocolate bars from Charlie’s Chocolate.

2. Jill is going to design / designing water bottles with his own logo on them.

3. Ms Zia and Ben ‘s / ‘re going to meet students next Saturday.

4. Is the school nurse going to give / giving students information next Friday?

5. I’m going to / I go to help the elephant keeper later.

6. Are / Is people really going to buy our stuff?

2 Choose and complete with be going to + verb.

show finish play climb leave lend wake up be

0. I’m going to climb Mount Everest next week.

1. _______ you ________________ very careful with my MP3 player?

2. She ________________ a computer game later.

3. They ________________ the project tomorrow.

4. ________ my mum ______________ you how to make a cake?

5. Daniel ___________________ early for a picnic tomorrow.

6. Carolyn ___________________ me her bike on Saturday.

7. Max and Billy ___________________ the house without their mother’s permission.

3 Rewrite the sentences. Use be going to.

0. I’ve decided to play football tonight.

I’m going to play football tonight.

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 1. We plan to clean the house later.

________________________________________________________________________________

2. Lewis and Ethan have decided to watch a film at the weekend.

________________________________________________________________________________

3. Sheila plans to do a long walk for charity.

________________________________________________________________________________

4. Hugo has decided to make a cake for Mom’s birthday.

________________________________________________________________________________

5. I plan to sell tickets for the school play.

________________________________________________________________________________

6. Carol and Jill have decided to visit the museum on Sunday.

________________________________________________________________________________

7. I plan to add more images to create an effective poster.

________________________________________________________________________________

4 Write the questions. Use be going to.

0. What/ mum/ do/ on Monday? What’s mum going to do on Monday?

1. What/ students/ design/ poster? ___________________________________

2. How/ Tina/ post/ an article/ on the website? ___________________________________

3. What/ we/ exhibit/ at art fair? ___________________________________

4. Where/ Ben/ perform/ his song? ___________________________________

5. What/ you/ sell/ on bake sale? ___________________________________

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 Wrap up

1 Look at the picture then write the sentences with could. Choose the word in the box.

make and sell cakes run a marathon perform songs offer tutoring services

write articles have a car wash create Biking for American

There are many charity groups in the world. They tend to raise money to help people or
animals. Fortunately, a lot of young people know these groups; therefore, they do lots of
fundraising activities.

0 1 2 3

0. They could make and sell cakes.

1. They ____________________________. 4. They ____________________________.

2. They ____________________________. 5. They ____________________________.

3. They ____________________________. 6. They ____________________________.

4 5 6

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2 Complete the dialogue. Use be going to + verbs in brackets.

Jasmin Which play 0 are the children going to do (the children do) next week?

Tony They 1_________________ (put) on a play about recycling.

Jasmin 2________you __________________ (go)?

Tony Yes, 3 I _______. Are you 4 _________________________ (come) with me?

Jasmin Yes, but on Wednesday some friends and I 5 ________________ (go) to the cinema.
Tony That’s OK. On Wednesday I 6 _____________________ (play) football for the school
team.
Jasmin Are you 7 _____________________ (do) anything on Thursday?

Tony No, I’m not. Let’s go then. I 8 __________________ (finish) music practice at half
past five, so we can meet at six o’clock.

3 Use How could or What could to complete questions. Then answer the following questions.

0. What could he have for breakfast?

0 1
He could eat pizza.

1. 1. _____________ she do on her holiday?

_______________________________________

2. _____________ they drink at the party?

2 3

_______________________________________

3. _____________ he paint the door?

_______________________________________

4 5 4. _____________ he finish his homework?

_______________________________________

5. _____________ they sleep on?

_______________________________________

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4 Write questions with be going to.

0. What/ Mum/ do/ on Monday? What is Mum going to do on Monday?

1. What/ Dad/ do/ on Tuesday? __________________________________

2. What/ Zia and Owen/ organize/ on Wednesday? __________________________________

3. What/ Owen/ clean up/ on Thursday? __________________________________

4. Who/ Zia/ tutor English for/ on Friday? __________________________________

5. What/ Mum and Zia/ do/ on Saturday? __________________________________

6. What/ the family/ do/ on Sunday? __________________________________

5 Look at the timetable. Write answers for the questions in exercise 4.

Mum Dad Zia Owen

Monday Donate clothes
Tuesday Build homes
Wednesday Organize an art fair
Thursday Clean up the park
Tutor English for
Friday
grade 1 students
Saturday Have a bake cake Have a bake cake
Sunday Run to raise money
0. Mum’s going to donate clothes.

1. _______________________________________________________________________________

2. _______________________________________________________________________________

3. _______________________________________________________________________________

4. _______________________________________________________________________________

5. _______________________________________________________________________________

6. _______________________________________________________________________________

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 Comparative, Superlative (cont.)
I can use comparative and superlative of long adjectives, as…as, too and enough.

Comparative and Superlative (long adjectives)

Long adjectives are 2+ syllable adjectives.

He’s more intelligent

than you.

Comparative form of adjective: more Superlative form of adjective: the most

(2+ syllable adjectives) than (2+ syllable adjectives)
 We use the comparative form to compare  We use the superlative form to
two people, animals, objects or situations compare one people, animal, object
between them. or situation with a number of others.


 The red book is more interesting than the
blue book.
 The opposite of more is less. We use
less in the same way as more.
 The blue book is less interesting than the red
book.
The red book is the most interesting.
 The opposite of the most is the
least. We use the least in the same
way as the most.
The blue book is the least interesting.

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1 Complete the table.

No Adjectives Comparative Superlative

0. beautiful more beautiful the most beautiful

1. amazing more ____________ the most __________

2. comfortable _________________ the most __________

3. expensive _________________ __________________

4. famous more ____________ __________________

5. popular _________________ __________________

6. interesting _________________ __________________

7. terrible _________________ __________________

8. delicious _________________ __________________

2 Complete sentences with the comparative.

0. The Pirates is more popular than (popular) Princess of Evil.

1. These Math exercises are ________________________ (difficult) yours.

2. Italian food is ________________________ (delicious) Spanish food.

3. Skydiving is _________________________ (dangerous) jogging.

4. The black jeans are _______________________ (fashionable) the blue jeans.

5. The silver earrings are _______________________ (expensive) the bracelet.

6. Zia’s flower shop is ________________________ (beautiful) Linda’s one.

7. His new novel is __________________________ (exciting) his previous one.

8. Jennifer Aniston is ________________________ (good-looking) Angelina Jolie.

9. Do you think that money is ___________________________ (important) love?

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3 Complete sentences with the superlative.

0. George Clooney is the most handsome (handsome) man in the world.

1. My dad is _________________________ (hard-working) person that I know.

2. ‘Romeo and Juliet’ is ___________________ (romantic) play we have ever read.

3. Sam’s grandmother is ______________________ (helpful) person.

4. Jamie is ________________________ (talkative) boy in the class.

5. Messi is one of __________________________ (famous) football players.

6. John is one of ____________________ (intelligent) men in the world.

4 Look at the table. Complete the sentences with the comparative or superlative.

Price $3 $10 $6 $4 $5

Beautiful

Fashionable

0. The necklace is more expensive than the bracelet. (expensive)

1. The necklace is the most expensive. (expensive)

2. The bouquet of roses is ___________________ the picture frame. (beautiful)

3. The bouquet of roses is ______________________. (beautiful)

4. The silver earrings are ______________________ the necklace. (fashionable)

5. The silver earrings are ________________________. (fashionable)

6. The bracelet is ______________________ the silver earrings. (colorful)

7. The picture frame is ________________________. (beautiful)

8. The necklace is ______________________ the silver earrings. (fashionable)

31
As … as and not as … as

 If two people or things are equal, we use as … as. When they are not equal, we say
not as … as.
This band’s as loud as the last band. (Both bands are equally loud.)
London is not as big as Cairo. (Cairo is bigger than London)

1 Circle the correct answer.

0. Ho Chi Minh city is as modern as / than Ha Noi.

1. Nobody in the room is as happy / happily as me.

2. You’re not such / as confused as I am!

3. Paul is not as early / earlier as Zia.

4. No place on Earth is as beautiful than / as this.

5. Jim is as handsome / more handsome as Matt.

2 Look at the picture. Complete the sentences with as … as.

dirty colorful clean curly tall new short

0. The footballer is as tall as the runner.

32
 1. The runner’s hair is ______________________ the basketball player.

2. The basketball player’s shorts are not ______________________ the runner’s shorts.

3. The footballer’s clothes are not ______________________ the basketball player’s clothes.

4. The runner’s shoes are ______________________ the basketball player’s shoes.

5. The basketball player’s ball is ______________________ the football’s ball.

6. The basketball player is not ______________________ the runner.

3 Complete the sentences. Use as … as or not as … as.

0. Football is very popular. Rugby is not very popular.

Rugby isn’t as popular as football. (popular)

1. Silver earrings cost five dollars. The necklace also costs five dollars.

______________________________________________________ (expensive)

2. Camo-phones are very fantastic. Ear buddies are not very fantastic.

______________________________________________________ (fantastic)

3. The English lesson is very interesting. The History lesson is less interesting.

______________________________________________________ (interesting)

4. The sandals are comfortable. The boots are also comfortable.

______________________________________________________ (comfortable)

5. The pizza is very delicious. The hamburger is also delicious.

______________________________________________________ (delicious)

6. Bangkok is famous. Tokyo is also famous.

______________________________________________________ (famous)

33
Too and enough

 We can use enough after adjective to
show that something is as much as you
need.
It smells good enough to eat.
 We can use too before adjective to
show that something is more than
enough.
This hat is too big for you.

1 Complete the sentences. Write too or enough.

0. He’s too old to be in the team.

1. These shoes aren’t big __________ for me.

2. Are you strong __________ to lift that bag?

3. Unfortunately, many rivers are __________ polluted to swim in.

4. Those clothes are __________ big for me to wear.

5. The soup is __________ hot to eat.

6. The room is large __________ for four people to stay.

7. The silver earrings are __________ expensive.

2 Write the words in the correct order to make sentences and questions.

0. the party / is / loud / too The party is too loud.

1. the lights / bright / are / enough / ? ____________________________________

2. enough / isn’t / the room / big ____________________________________

34
 3. the decorations / too / heavy / are / ? ____________________________________

4. isn’t / the light / enough / colorful ____________________________________

5. enough / isn’t / the room / big ____________________________________

6. the food / is / expensive / too ____________________________________

7. are / balloons / enough / new / ? ____________________________________

8. is / loud / the music / too / ? ____________________________________

3 Look at the picture. Write sentences with too or enough.

0. The music / loud The music’s too loud.

1. The man’s stilts / long. ____________________________________

2. The clown’s costume / small. ____________________________________

3. the woman’s stilts / short. ____________________________________

35
 4. The stage / big. ____________________________________

5. The dancer’s costume / big. ____________________________________

6. The girl’s dress / long. ____________________________________

4 Join the sentence. Use the word given.

0. Kitty is young. She can’t stay at home on her own.

Kitty is too young to stay at home on her own. (too)

0. It’s still early. I can cancel the tickets.

It’s early enough to cancel the tickets. (enough)

1. I’m tired. I can’t cook dinner tonight.

______________________________________ (too)

2. He’s clever. He won’t make any mistakes.

______________________________________ (too)

3. The suitcase is big. It can hold your clothes and mine.

______________________________________ (enough)

4. It’s cold. Let’s not go out.

______________________________________ (too)

5. I’m not hungry. I don’t want to have dinner now.

______________________________________ (enough)

6. She trains hard. She may win the competition.

______________________________________ (enough)

36
 Revison

1 Complete with the gerunds.

0. Mum enjoys cooking for my friends. (cook)

1. __________ is good for you. (walk)

2. Keep _______________. I’m listening. (talk)

3. Are you interested in _______________? (swim)

4. They are very good at _________________ English. (study)

5. He hates ______________ up so late. (stay)

6. She can’t stand _____________ to this kind of music. (listen)

7. _____________ by plane is faster than taking the car. (travel)

2 Choose the correct answer.

0. Where were you yesterday? 1. I _________late for school yesterday.

a. I am at the cinema. a. am

b. He was at the cinema. b. was

c. I were at the cinema. c. were

d. I was at the cinema. d. is

2. What was the weather like last week? 3. The weather _____ sunny.

a. wasn’t
a. It is sunny.
b. were
b. It were sunny.
c. weren’t
c. It was snowy.
d. was
d. It was sunny.

37
4. Tom and I _________ music at the 5. Mary is very happy but yesterday she

concert last night. didn’t ______happy.

a. played a. feel

b. play b. felt

c. plays c. feeled

d. playing d. feeling

6. We ______ from university in 2008 but 7. You _______ill last week. How are you

now we are teachers. now?

a. were graduate a. am

b. graduate b. was

c. graduated c. were

d. was graduate d. is
8. Were you at the theatre 2 days ago? 9. They ______ 13 years old two years ago.

a. was
a. Yes, I wasn’t.
b. wasn’t
b. No, I was.
c. were
c. Yes, I was.
d. weren’t
d. No, I weren’t.
11. A: What did you do yesterday?
10. I am a pilot. I am in London now but I
B: I ______ lots of work.
____ in New York last year. a. do

b. does
a. work
c. did
b. works
d. doing
c. am working

d. worked

38
3 Write the words in the correct order.

0. cleaned / two minutes / I / my teeth / ago / . I cleaned my teeth two minutes ago.

1. started / The / last week / holiday / . ________________________________

2. she / Is / than / friendlier / her / sister / ? ________________________________

3. beautiful / His / is / picture frame / the least / one / . ________________________________

4. to pass / smart enough / is / Suzy / the final exam / . ________________________________

5. take the taxi / could / You / to visit / your friend /. ________________________________

6. She’s going to / Zia’s birthday / participate / . ________________________________

7. too hard / is / to finish / The exercise / . ________________________________

8. the best / in the world / He’s / footballer / . ________________________________

4 Find one mistake in each sentence. Then correct the sentences.

0. The doctor examines his patients yesterday. The doctor examined his patients yesterday.

1. Mike saws wood for a fireplace. __________________________________

2. Fran stars in a television show last Monday. __________________________________

3. Mom cooks eggs for breakfast this morning. __________________________________

4. Last spring the farmer plants corn. __________________________________

5. I’m enough tired to play tennis. __________________________________

6. Ken is as high than Ben. __________________________________

7. Bin and Dan is going to go swim tomorrow. __________________________________

8. Zia is the most clever student in my class. __________________________________

9. Eat vegetables is good for your health. __________________________________

39
5 Choose the correct answer.

0. The country isn’t __________________ the city.

a. as exciting as  b. more exciting

c. enough exciting d. the most exciting

1. The computers aren’t _________________ people.

a. intelligent enough b. too intelligent

c. the most intelligent d. more intelligent than

2. This town is _________________ place in this country.

a. as beautiful as b. the most beautiful

c. too beautiful d. more beautiful than

3. Matt is ______________ to stay at home alone.

a. younger b. the youngest

c. too young d. as young as

4. Football is ________________ sport in the world.

a. interesting enough b. as interesting as

c. more interesting d. the most interesting

5. The silver earrings are ____________ the golden earrings.

a. as expensive as b. expensive enough

c. less expensive than d. the least expensive

6. Boys aren’t _______________ girls.

a. too gentle b. as gentle as

c. enough gentle d. the most gentle

7. His drawing is _______________ to get my attention.

a. too colorful b. as colorful as

c. enough colorful d. more colorful than

40
6 Complete sentences with the comparative or superlative.

0. The countryside is more beautiful than the town. beautiful

1. Some people think that he’s _____________________ footballer in the world. excellent

2. He’s the ________________ person I know. generous

3. His new invention is ____________________than mine. interesting

4. Son Doong is ___________________ place in the world. wonderful

5. My new shoes are __________________ than her shoes. cheap

6. The Walking Dead is __________________ film I’ve watched. scaring

7. He is _______________ me when we visit The Disney Land. exciting

8. Home is ___________________ place to come back. safe

7 Rewrite the sentences. Use as …as or not as …as and the words in brackets.

0. DVDs cost more than books.

Books aren’t as expensive as DVDs. (expensive)

1. My book is interesting. This book is more interesting.

That book _____________________________________________ (interesting)

2. Ross and Gregg are both 11 years old.

Ross _____________________________________________ (old)

3. The River Thames is shorter than the River Nile.

The River Thames ___________________________________ (long)

4. I weigh 35 kg. My sister weighs 40 kg.

I _____________________________________________ (heavy)

5. The yellow skirt is prettier than the orange skirt.

The yellow skirt __________________________________________ (pretty)

6. My house has five rooms. Your house has five rooms.

My house _____________________________________________ (big)

7. Football is exciting. Basketball is exciting, too.

Football _____________________________________________ (exciting)

41
 The Past Continuous
I can use affirmative, negative and question forms of the Past Continuous.

Affirmative, Negative and question form

We use the past continuous to talk about

 An action that was in progress at a specific

time in the past. Form the past continuous
with was/ were + verb-ing.

I was doing my homework at 6.30 p.m.

They were sitting here five minutes ago.

 Yes/ No questions are formed with was/

were + verb-ing.

Were you feeling all right yesterday afternoon?

Yes, I was. / No, I wasn’t.

 Form ‘Wh’ questions by putting where,

what, why, etc. before was/ were + verb-
ing.

What was he doing yesterday at two o’clock?

42
1 Complete with affirmative form of the past continuous.

What was everyone doing at 8.00 p.m. yesterday evening?

0. Peter was studying for a test. (study)

1. Lucy ____________________ an email to her pen friend. (write)

2. Mr and Mrs Hardy ____________________ TV. (watch)

3. Lynn ____________________ a shower. (have)

4. Linda and her cousin ____________________ a computer game. (play)

5. I ____________________ to my friend on the phone. (talk)

6. You ____________________ to London. (fly)

7. Mrs Jones ____________________ her students’ homework. (mark)

2 Look at the pictures. Answer the following questions.

0. Was he kayaking at the 3. Was she trampolining in

river? the garden?

 Yes, he was.  .

1. Were they camping near 4. Was he cooking at the

the lake? beach?

 .  .

2. Was he playing tennis? 5. Was she doing pottery?

 .  .

43
3 Underline one mistake in each sentence. Then correct the sentences.

0. My parents were drove when they saw the accident.

My parents were driving when they saw the accident.

1. When the storm came, I am biking through the park.

.
2. Milly not was doing homework at 8.00 p.m. last night.

.
3. What you were doing when your mother cooked dinner?

?
4. I was feed my cat when my mother cooked dinner.

.
5. Was he kayak yesterday at three o’clock?

?
6. We wasn’t hiking in a rain forest when the fire started.

.
7. Was Ben and Ken visiting amusement park last weekend?

?
4 Look at the picture. Complete the sentences with the words in the box.

do his homework make a poster

clean talk loudly read a new book Tommy

0. Ryan was doing his homework.

1. Julia ___________________________________________.

2. Tommy ________________________________________.

3. Maddy and Beth ________________________________.

4. Martin _________________________________________. Martin

44
While and When
While and When  We can make two actions which have
the past simple and the past continuous
 The past continuous describes two
into one sentence by connecting them
actions that were in progress at the
with when.
same time in the past. We use while to
link the two sentences. I was cycling home when I saw a new
house.
I was reading a magazine while the boys
were playing in the garden.

1 Choose the correct answer. While or When.

0. I was doing my homework, _______ my sister was tidying her room.

while  when

1. We were hiking in a rain forest ______ I saw a rainbow.

while when

2. Tom was wearing his helmet _______ he rode his bike.

while when

3. ______ they were playing volleyball at the beach, we were snorkeling on a coral reef.

while when

4. ______ I arrived home, my mother was cooking dinner.

while when

45
 5. Owen was visiting an amusement park ______ Dylan was touring an historic site.

while when

2 Join the sentences with While.

0. (while) we / play / football / they / have / a lesson

While we were playing football, they were having a lesson.

1. he / listen / to music (while) he / run

2. (while) they / paint / the chairs / Tom / plant / the new trees

3. Mary / make / the tea (while) Ken / make / the sandwiches

4. (while) Dad / fish / we / swimming / in the sea

5. I / do / the crossword (while) you play / computer games

6. (while) I / not look / someone / steal / my luggage

3 Join the sentences with When.

0. (when) I / see / the lion we / visit / the zoo

When I saw the lion we were visiting the zoo.

46
 1. David / cycle home (when) it / start / to rain

2. I / hurt / my back (when) I / lift / a heavy box

3. (when) my phone / ring / I / paint / my picture

4. Dan / watch TV (when) his parents / come / home

5. Dad / sleep (when) the play / finish

4 Complete the sentences with correct form of verbs from the box.

talk drink cut play read sleep

0. While I was reading about volcanoes, Mum was painting.

1. When my mum planted some flowers, our cat _________________ under the tree.

2. While the cat was chasing a mouse, my cousin ________________ football.

3. When my grandpa _______________ a cup of tea, his grandsons were watching a cartoon.

4. My dad was eating some food while my mom _________________ to Aunt Kelly.

5. My uncle was coming when my dad ______________ the grass.

47
The past continuous and the past simple

The past continuous and the past simple

 We often use the past continuous with the past simple. The past continuous talks about
a longer action which started first.

We were walking home when we saw a bag of rubbish.

 The past simple talks about a short action which happened during the longer action.

We were walking home when we saw a bag of rubbish.

1 Complete the sentences with the past simple or the past continuous.

0. I was locking (lock) the front door when the phone rang. (ring)

1. __________ William ____________ (talk) to anyone while he _____________? (wait)

2. We ________________ (work) for the same company when we ________________. (meet)

3. The speaker _____________ (say) something important while you ______________. (not

listen)

4. Liz ________________ (lose) her glasses when she ________________ (run) in the park.

5. __________ they ________________ (go) home when you ________________ (see) them?

6. John ________________ (play) the guitar while I ________________ (walk) into the room.

7. When I ________________ (leave), the boys ________________ (listen) to music.

48
2 Fill in the blanks. Use the past simple or the past continuous.

Peter: Here’s my album of funny photos!

Leo: Look at this photo of Lucy!

Peter: Yes, she 0 was smiling (smile) for the camera when the bee 1 stung (sting) her on
the nose!

Leo: Poor Lucy! What about this?

Peter: That’s Harry on his new bike when he 2_______ (be) eight. He 3 __________ (not
look) when he 4 _______ (hit) that tree! I 5 ______________ (not have) time to warn him.

Leo: Oh, no! You’ve got my photograph, too!

Peter: Oh, yes. What 6 _______ you ______ (do)?

Leo: I 7 _________ (watch) the football game on TV when you 8 _________ (shout) next to
my ear!

Peter: That’s Beth. She 9 _________ (drink) strawberry juice at my last birthday party
when someone 10 _________ (push) her. She 11 _________ (spill) it all over her new white
dress!

Lucy: What about this photo from your party, then?

Peter: Where 12 _____________ (you/ find) it? Give it to me!

Lucy: Peter 13 ____________ (blow out) his candles when he 14 _____________ (slip) and

15 _________ (fall) face down onto his birthday cake! That was really funny!

49
3 Write sentences. Use the past simple or the past continuous.

No First action Second action

0 We / sit down when / the play / start.

1 I / choose / a bracelet for Mum when / Mum / come into / the shop.

2 Louise / talk / to Amy when / the bus / arrive.

3 When / Harriet / look for / some plasters She / find / her watch.

4 The team / train When / Ted / have / an accident.

5 When / we / walk / around the ruins Some stones / fall.

6 The actor / perform / on stage When / the director / start / to laugh.

7 When / I / carry / some bottles The carrier bag / break.

8 When / they / shop It start / to rain.

0. We were sitting down when the play started.

1. ________________________________________________________________.

2. ________________________________________________________________.

3. ________________________________________________________________.

4. ________________________________________________________________.

5. ________________________________________________________________.

6. ________________________________________________________________.

7. ________________________________________________________________.

8. ________________________________________________________________.

50
 Wrap up

1 Circle the correct verbs.

It was Monday morning and we were 0 listening / listened to a story in our

Ancient History class. ‘And then,’ said Miss Kremer, who 1 were /was standing in
front of the long window, ‘Vesuvius erupted and the people of the beautiful city of

…’ She stopped and turned her head. ‘Miss Kremer,’ said Martyn, ‘is that the fire

alarm?’ It was. We left our bags in the room and followed our teacher to

emergency exist. Smoke was 2 came / coming up the corridor. Outside, we could
see what 3 was / were happening. The Assembly Hall was on fire! Teacher 4 were

/ was running around. The fire fighters arrived quickly and worked hard. They
couldn’t save the Assembly Hall, but the most important thing was that everyone

was safe. For the next few days it was all we could talk about. ‘What were you

doing when you 5 heard/ hearing the alarm?’ we asked, excited to tell our stories
again, all thoughts of Vesuvius and the people of Pompeii forgotten.

2 Complete the sentences with the past continuous form of the verb in brackets.
0. Leo was playing (play) the guitar.

1. I _______________ (not think) about you yesterday.

2. Where _______ you _________ (sit) at the cinema?

3. _______ she _________ (wear) any shoes?

4. Tony ________________ (walk) and I __________________ (run).

51
 5. I _____________________ (see) a giraffe when we visited the zoo.

6. __________________ (they / watch) us?

7. What ______________ (happen) at ten o’clock?

8. When I arrived, Molly ______________________ (leave).

3 Choose the correct answer.

0. I was watching TV when ___________________.

The lights were going off.  The lights went off.

1. ________________ when I went out.

It was raining. It rained.

2. While _____________________, Lisa was playing basketball.

Elsa went swimming. Elsa was going swimming.

3. When ____________________, she was shopping.

Mum was meeting an old friend. Mum met an old friend.

4. We were dancing while ________________________.

They weren’t singing. They not were singing.

5. ___________________ when I saw a new shop.

We were walking through the town. We walked through the town.

6. He was watching football match when _______________.

He eats my pizza. He ate my pizza.

7. While I was painting, ___________________.

Lynn was practicing sing. Lynn was practicing singing.

52
 Will, won’t and Indefinite Pronouns
I can use will, won’t and Indefinite pronouns.

Will and Won’t

 We can use will to talk about the future to make predictions. A prediction is
something we think will happen. We use the base form of the verb after will.
The streets will be cleaner.
 We often use the contracted form ‘ll after pronouns.
We’ll recycle more glass and plastic.
 We use the subject + won’t + base form to make the negative.
We won’t drive a big car.
 We use will + subject + base form to make questions. In affirmative short answers,
we always use the full form will.
Will we do anything differently?
Yes, we will. OR No, we won’t.

53
1 Complete the sentences with will or won’t.

0. We will take (take) our rubbish to the recycling centre next Thursday.

1. Jake ______________ (not come) to the party because he is on holiday.

2. More people ______________ (live) in eco homes in 50 years.

3. Dad _______________ (not walk) to work today because it’s raining.

4. I _______________ (visit) Paris one day.

5. The children _______________ (not drop) litter in the park.

6. It _______________ (be) a lovely day tomorrow.

7. We _______________ (watch) the football match on the Internet.

8. Mum’s got a headache. I _______________ (make) her a cup of tea.

9. Emily _______________ (find) a good present.

10. If it keeps raining, we _______________ (have) basketball practice later.

2 Look at the picture. Use will or won’t and the verbs in the box.

take switch on help fall off

be not make not walk not go

0 1

He will fall off the ladder. They _______________ grandma.

54
 2 3

She __________________ the printer. He ____________ a photograph.

4 5

Ms Milly _____________ some bread. He ______________ to school.

6 7

She ______________ to school. It _____________ a beautiful day.

3 Write short questions and short answers.

0. Julia / like reading books / 

Will Julia like reading books? Yes, she will.

1. Ryan / wear jeans / 

55
 2. Martin / go to university / 

3. Tommy / be an actor / 

4. Beth / live in a small house / 

5. Maddy / paint pictures / 

6. they / drive solar-powered cars / 

7. we / go to Mars on spaceships for a vacation / 

8. you / send paper birthday cards / 

4 Underline one mistake in each sentence and correct it.

0. I’ll washing the car. I’ll wash the car.

1. How people will get to work? _______________________________________

2. He won’t not visit my grandma. _______________________________________

3. What will you doing tomorrow? _______________________________________

4. They recycle will more rubbish. _______________________________________

5. Will live birds in the trees? _______________________________________

6. The sea will is cleaner. _______________________________________

7. When will she travelling to USA? _______________________________________

8. Will Zia make a draft? No, she will. _______________________________________

56
Indefinite pronouns

 We use indefinite pronouns to refer to

Negative
people or things without saying exactly Affirmative
Question
who or what they are. We use pronouns A person/ Someone/ Anyone/
ending in -body or - one for people, and people somebody anybody
pronouns ending in -thing for things: A thing/
Something Anything
Someone helped me at the station. (= I don’t things
A place/
know exactly his/ her name.) Somewhere Anywhere
places
I didn’t eat anything yesterday. (= I ate no
 We often use adjectives after
food.)
indefinite pronouns with some- and
Did you see anyone ? (= It doesn’t matter any-.
who) I’d like to live somewhere hot.
It was a very clear day. We could Are you doing anything special this

see everything. weekend?

 We use a singular verb after an indefinite
pronoun:
Everybody loves Sally.
Everything was ready for the party.
 We use indefinite pronouns with some-
 We use indefinite pronouns
with every- and no- to mean all or
none. We use them with a singular
verb
Everyone has gone home. (= all the people)
We saw nothing. (= We didn’t see anything)

in affirmative sentences, and indefinite

pronouns with any- in questions and Meaning “all” Meaning “none”

People Everyone/ Nobody/ no one
negatives. However, we can use some-
everybody
in questions if we are making a request
Things Everything Nothing
or an offer.
Places Everywhere Nowhere
Can I have something else?

Would you like someone to help you?

57
1 Choose the correct indefinite pronouns.

0. Have you found ____________?

 a. anything b. everywhere c. nobody

1. I don’t break _____________.

a. something b. anything c. somewhere

2. You won’t see this __________ else.

a. anywhere b. everywhere c. somewhere

3. Let’s tell _________ our news!

a. anyone b. someone c. something

4. I’d like to buy ____________ for Sally.

a. nobody b. something c. anything

5. _________ else knows – just you and me.

a. Everyone b. Someone c. No one

6. Put the money _____________ safe.

a. anywhere b. nowhere c. somewhere

7. After taking the exam, Sam decided to travel __________ to relax.

a. somewhere b. someone c. something

8. _________ loves him because Jack is such a brave firefighter that could save a lots people.

a. Everybody b. Nobody c. Somebody

9. He can do ________ to bring in the bacon for his family.

a. anything b. something c. everything

58
2 Complete each sentence with indefinite pronouns using a word from each box.

any any every no no some some

one one one thing thing where where

0. There isn’t anything special in there – just a few old clothes.

1. Where is _______________? Have they all gone?

2. Ow! I’ve got _______________ in my eye.

3. ____________’s open. All the shops are closed today.

4. He needs ____________ to live.

5. I didn’t know _____________ at the meeting.

6. The phone rang but _____________ answered.

3 Circle the correct answer.

0. Nobody want / wants it.

1. Can I have nothing / anything for lunch?

2. Are / Is everyone ready?

3. There was nothing I could / could do.

4. ‘Where have you been?’ ‘Anywhere / Nowhere.’

5. Have you bought anything / something for Angie?

6. She needs someone / anything to talk to.

7. Everyone enjoys / enjoy listening to his new song.

8. Did you get nothing / anything?

59
4 Do the quiz.

Write the name of

0. Something fast a car
____________

1. Something blue ____________

2. Something sweet ____________

3. Something yellow ____________

4. Something dangerous ____________

5. Something hot ____________

6. Something cold ____________

7. Something dry ____________

8. Something wet ____________

9. Something tall ____________

10. Something famous ____________

11. Something funny ____________

12. Something clever ____________

60
 Wrap up

1 Complete the text. Use will or won’t.

In the future …

… we 0 won’t use so much energy. Mum 1_____________ stop driving

the car to work and instead she 2_____________ walk. Dad

3________________ grow more vegetables in the garden. My friends and

I 4________________ throw bottles away – instead we 5_______________

recycle them. I 6_______________ print my emails – the way I

7_______________ save paper.

61
2 Unscramble the sentences.

0. My aunt / to India / next year./ travel/ will

My aunt will travel to India next year.

1. She/ a lot of / have/ won’t/ luggage.

_____________________________________________________________________

2. will/ next Monday./ Everyone/ write email / learn how to

_____________________________________________________________________

3. something/ Ken/ buy / for his mother./ will

_____________________________________________________________________

4. here/ There isn’t/ when/ anybody/ he comes.

_____________________________________________________________________

5. by bus?/ get to/ Will/ we/ school

_____________________________________________________________________

6. We/ television/ won’t have/ from now.

_____________________________________________________________________

7. their smartphones./ They/ take pictures/ will/ with

_____________________________________________________________________

2 Complete the following sentences. Use the words in the box.

somewhere anyone anything nobody

will meet won’t stop everyone

0. The boys can’t see anyone.

62
 1. They want to find _______________ to take a nap.

2. They can’t see __________________ well.

3. The girls ______________ their passion of learning English.

4. Linda is someone who I __________________ next Sunday.

5. Clover found _______________ to share her ideas.

6. _______________ will drive solar-powered cars.

3 Read the story and choose the most suitable indefinite pronoun:

That was a cold and stormy night. 0 Everybody / Anybody went to bed earlier
than usual, but I decided to stay in the living room reading my new novel about
mystery. Suddenly, 1 something / nothing happened in the kitchen, I heard a strange
noise. I stood up and went rapidly to see what was happening. I couldn’t see 2 anything
/ nothing out of the ordinary. 3 Everything / something was calm and quiet. I came back
to the living room and kept on reading my book….when I opened the second page, I
heard a noise coming from the front window and a shadow disappearing in the
night…when I looked through the window I saw 4 nobody / anybody. It was a very rare
night. Every time I tried to read my book 5 something / nothing inexplicable happened.
Was the mysterious novel becoming true? I examined 6 everywhere / nowhere in the
living room, I was trying to find the odd thing that was producing the strange noises but
I could find 7 anything/ nothing. Finally, I decided to go to bed and forget about that
scary night.

63
 Be used for or be used to
I can use be used for or be used to in different situations.

Be used for or be used to

 We use be used for or be used to to describe how something is used.
Gold is used to make jewelry.
Gold is used for making jewelry.

Affirmative Negative
Used for V-ing Be Used for V-ing
Be
Used to V-bare not Used to V-bare

Question
I/ We/
used for V-ing?
Be They/ You
/ He/ She/
used to V-bare?
It

1 Circle the correct answer.

0. An instant camera is used to / is used for taking instant pictures.

1. These cups are used to / are used for contain tea.

2. This robot is used to / is use for help people do household.

3. Sliver is used to / is used for making a ring.

64
 4. The blanket is used to / is used for make you warm.

5. An Egg Plant is used to / is used for water plants.

6. Robo-pedia is used to / is used for doing research.

2 Complete sentences.

0. Library is used for keeping (keep) a lot of books.

1. Mp3 player is used to ___________ (save) many songs.

2. Television _______ (not be) used to save data.

3. A cell phone is used for ___________ (help) people contact with each other.

4. Satellites ________ (be) used for ___________ (communicate) by radio, TV and for providing

information.

5. Fossils are used to _________ (identify) how many year animals or plants have existed in the

world.

6. Tablet is used for _________ (learn) English.

3 Match.

0. Glue is used for a. carry school things.

1. Books are used to b. searching information.

2. Smartphone is mostly used for c. joining things each other.

3. Chalk is used to d. writing students’ work down.

4. Vitamin is used for e. helping people grow and stay healthy.

5. Backpack is used to f. provide vast knowledge for people.

6. Notebooks are used for g. write or draw something on the board.

65
4 Put the words in correct order.

0. is used for / making phone calls. / A hands-free ear piece

A hands-free ear piece is used for making phone calls.

1. make phone calls. / is used to / A cell phone

______________________________________________________________________________

2. video games. / play / A video game system / is used to

______________________________________________________________________________

3. is used for / A handheld game device / video games. / playing

______________________________________________________________________________

4. listening to / music. / The earphones / are used for

______________________________________________________________________________

5. time. / is used to /The watch / tell

______________________________________________________________________________

6. keeping shoes on. / are used for / The shoelaces

______________________________________________________________________________

7. people /A pair of flip-flop / make / comfortable. / is used to

______________________________________________________________________________

8. from the sun. /The sunglasses / protecting / are used for / our eyes

______________________________________________________________________________

9. a bracelet / Cash/ for Mum. / is used to / buy

______________________________________________________________________________

66
 May, might an d have to
I can use may, might and have to.

May and might

 May and might are modal verbs. We use them to talk about things that are possible
now or in the future. Additionally, we use might, might not, may and may not when
we aren’t sure about a prediction.

He might win!

The bag might break. The bag might not break.

Karen may want to talk about it. Karen may not want to talk about it.

 There is no important difference between the use of these two modals, but may is
slightly more formal than might.

It may rain. = It might rain.

 We don’t need to add an ‘s’ to the third person form of modal verbs. We use them
like this:
Affirmative Negative
Modal verb + base form Modal verb + not + base form
It might rain. It might not rain.

1 Match situation 1 – 8 with modal verb sentences a - h.

e
0. ______ I feel ill. a. There may be a test next week.

1. ______ It’s cold. b. I could get some new ones.

67
 2. ______ Olly wants to be more healthy. c. They might get some new players.

3. ______ They’re doing a lot of homework. d. It may be hotter tomorrow.

4. ______ The team’s lost every game this year. e. I might go to the doctor.

5. ______ These trainers are too small for me. f. He might start doing more sport.

2 Write the words in the correct order.

0. I / play / the school team / may / for

I may play for the school team.

1. next Saturday / not / might / go swimming / we

____________________________________________________________________

2. the goalkeeper / catch / may / the football

____________________________________________________________________

3. might / learn / to swim / I / next year

____________________________________________________________________

4. he / may / a good player / not / be

____________________________________________________________________

5. may / choose / the captain / a new team

____________________________________________________________________

6. a new captain / next year / not / the team / might / have

____________________________________________________________________

7. my dad / start / may / next year / running

____________________________________________________________________

68
3 Rewrite the sentences. Use the modal verbs in brackets.

0. We’ll go to France next year. (might)

We might go to France next year.

1. I’ll run more in summer. (may)

____________________________________________________________________

2. I won’t get 100% in the maths test. (may not)

____________________________________________________________________

3. I’ll read two books in a day this year. (might)

____________________________________________________________________

4. Dad won’t play football every day. (might not)

____________________________________________________________________

5. Mum’ll use old iron instead of electric one. (may)

____________________________________________________________________

6. Zia won’t go shopping tomorrow. (might not)

____________________________________________________________________

7. Louis will make a poster on this weekend. (may)

____________________________________________________________________

8. They won’t go for a picnic next Sunday. (may not)

____________________________________________________________________

69
4 Look at the pictures. Write sentences. Use may, may not, might and might not.

eat more fruit go jogging swim more watch less TV

get a new bike eat less fast food

0 1

He may eat more fruit.

2 3

4 5

70
Have to
 We use have to + base form to talk about something someone must do.

We have to eat healthy food. I had to practice every day.

 We use subject + did/ do/ does + not + have to + base form to talk about something
that isn’t or wasn’t necessary.

We don’t have to play every day.

I didn’t have to eat special food when I was younger.

 We make questions from do/ did + subject + have to + base form. Short answers are
in the same tense as the question.
Do you have to eat special food? Yes we do. / No, we don’t.
Did you have to work hard to get there? Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t.

Affirmative form Negative form

Base Base
I/ They/ We/ You have to I/ They/ We/
form had to form
He/ She/ It has to You/ He/ She/ It

Present simple Negative form

I/ They/ We/ You don’t Base form
have to
He/ She/ It doesn’t

Past simple Negative form

I/ They/ We/ You Base form
didn’t have to
He/ She/ It

Question form
I/ They/ We/ Base form
Do/ Does/ Did have to
You/ He/ She/ It

71
1 Write the words in the correct order to make sentences.

0. you/ help your mum/ with the housework/ have to

You have to help your mum with the housework.

1. Molly and Bella / study hard/ have to

________________________________________________________________

2. Thomas/ go swimming/ have to/ doesn’t

________________________________________________________________

3. George/ last week/ meet the doctor/ had to

________________________________________________________________

4. have to/ We/ visit the museum/ don’t/ this morning

________________________________________________________________

5. Oggy/ do/ a lot of homework/ has to

________________________________________________________________

2 Complete the negative sentences. Use have to.

Age 7-15

Owen played his school football team. He didn’t travel much.

Age 16-19

Owen lived with his family and he travelled 50 km every day to

play football for a local team. He played in a match every weekend.

Age 20

Owen moved to England to play football.

0. you/ help your mum/ with the housework/ have to
Now

Owen trains four days a week and plays twice a week. He eats
healthy food and goes to bed early before every match.

72
 0. Owen didn’t have to travel (travel) much when he was 15.

1. _____________________________________ (eat) special food when he was 16.

2. _____________________________________ (live) in England when he was 18.

3. _____________________________________ (practice) every day now.

4. _____________________________________ (play) football three times a week now.

5. _____________________________________ (travel) 50 km every day to practice now.

3 Look at exercise 2. Write questions with have to.

0. Did Owen have to travel (travel) 50 km every day to train when he was 16?

1. _____________________________________ (eat) special food when he was 19?

2. _____________________________________ (live) in England when he was 10?

3. _____________________________________ (practice) every day now?

4. _____________________________________ (play) football three times a week now?

5. _____________________________________ (travel) 50 km every day to practice now?

4 Look at exercise 3. Write the short answers.

0. Yes, he did.

1. _____________________________________

2. _____________________________________

3. _____________________________________

4. _____________________________________

5. _____________________________________

73
 Wrap-up Unit 8 - 9

1 Choose the correct answer.

0. Smartphone ___________ searching new information.

a. may  b. is used for c. has to

1. Firefighter robot ______ make some human gestures.

a. doesn’t have to b. might c. is used to

2. Lucas and Lynn ___________ practice English every day to fluent in speaking.

a. is used to b. may c. have to

3. Dad buys a laptop for Dann. It ________ learning English online.

a. is used for b. might c. have to

4. ______ Bin ________ craft and art tomorrow?

a. May - doing b. May - do c. May - did

5. Did Robus have to eat a lot of food? ___________

a. Yes, he do. b. Yes, he does. c. Yes, he did.

6. She ___________ clean her room every day.

a. have to b. had to c. has to

7. It _______ a pressure cooker.

a. may not be b. may be not c. not be may

74
2 Look at the pictures. Write sentences with the words in brackets and a phrase from the box.

repairing cars practice tennis be a doctor

visit New York study Spanish feed the turtle

0 1

Lucy (have to) has to study Spanish. Dustin (might) ______________________

We (have to) ______________________ Lettuce (be used to) _________________

They (may) _______________________ The spanner (be used for) ____________

3 Put the words in correct order.

0. may / Ross/ playing piano./ practice

Ross may practice playing piano.

75
1. is used to/ in the burning buildings./ find people/ Firefighter Robot

______________________________________________________________

2. lighting /is used for/ people’s home./ Oil lamp

______________________________________________________________

3. have to/ My parents/ to earn money./ work late

______________________________________________________________

4. helping police/ Running Robot/ catch bad guys./ is used for

______________________________________________________________

4 Fill in the blanks. Use have to and verbs in brackets.

Ahmed plays football in England. Ducan Brown asked him some questions.

D: Ahmed, you have been playing football in England for five years. 0Did you have to work

(work) hard to get there?

A: Yes, I did. It was very hard. I 1 ___________________ (practice) every day.

D: 2______ you still _____________ (play) everyday?

A: I 3___________________ (not – play) everyday, but I have to stay healthy.

D: Yes, footballers 4_______________ (be) very strong. 5_____ you _____________ (eat) special

food?

A: I 6__________________ (not – eat) special food when I was younger, but I do now. We

7___________________ (eat) lots of good, healthy food because we 8________________ (be)

strong and fast.

76
 Present Simple Passive
I can use Present Simple Passive.

Present Simple Passive

 In English we usually put the thing we want to talk about (the subject) at the
beginning of the sentence. We use the passive if we don’t know who or what is doing
an action or if it isn’t important who or what is doing it.
 This is an active sentence.
Subjects (agent) Verb Object Other information
People drink tea in many countries
 This is a passive sentence.
Subjects (agent) Verb Other information
Tea is drunk in many countries
 We can also use the present simple form of the passive to talk about things which
are generally true.

French is spoken here.

Our clothes are made from more modern material.

77
  We make the present simple passive with am/ is/ are (not) + past participle.

The past participle for regular verbs is the as the past simple form. The past
participle for irregular verbs is often different from the past simple form. Look
at page 107 - 110 for a table of irregular verbs.

1 Complete the table with the correct form of the irregular verbs.

Base form Past simple Past participle

0 speak 1 spoke spoken

3 made 4

give 5 6

grow 7 8

9 cut 10

build 11 12

13 14 found

2 Circle the passive verbs.

78
 1. The word ‘television’ means ‘seeing a long way’. Even if pictures are filmed a long

way away, we can still see them with a television.

2. In the 1920s, the first television images were made by John Logie Baird, a

Scottish man.

3. Watching television is a popular activity for people all over the world. There are

thousands of TV channels in hundreds of countries.

4. Over 150 million TVs are bought

every year!

5. Today, lots of televisions are

recycled. Thousands of old television

screens are recycled every day to make

new television screens.

3 Complete the affirmative form of the present simple passive.

0. Yogurt is made from milk. (make)

1. The ice ____________ into small pieces. (break)

2. The apples ______________ in the autumn. (pick)

3. The floors ______________ every day. (clean)

4. I ______________ to go to every meeting. (except)

5. Martin ______________ to do a lot of homework. (ask)

6. My favorite doll ______________. (buy)

7. The information ______________ for ever. (keep)

8. All the exam results _____________ by the head teacher. (see)

79
4 Complete the negative form of the present simple passive.

0. Straw isn’t eaten by children. (not eat)

1. Paper ____________ from plastic. (not make)

2. Houses ______________ on mountains or beaches. (not build)

3. In some countries paper ______________. (not recycle)

4. Tea ______________ in Northern Europe. (not plant)

5. Football ______________ in museum. (not play)

6. Lemon ______________ to tea in Britain. (not add)

7. Tea and coffee ______________ only at breakfast. (not drink)

5 Match the present simple passive verbs to the sentences.

are checked is unloaded is sorted

is attached is collected are loaded

3. All the bags and

0. A special tag is
suitcases for the flight
attached to every piece of
___________ on to the
luggage at Departures.
plane.
1. All the bags or
4. The luggage
suitcases ______________
______________ at
by a machine.
Arrivals.

2. The luggage _________ 5. It ______________

and loaded onto a cart for from the carousel by
the flight. the passengers.

80
 Wrap-up

1 Complete the sentences. Use the present simple passive.

Lot of tea 0 is drunk (drink) every day in Britain. Do you know how it 1____________
(make)? Tea 2 ____________ (grow) all over the world in countries like India, Sri Lanka
and Kenya. Then it 3 ____________ (bring) to factories where it 4______________ (turn)
into the tea that 5 _____________ (sell) in
shops. The packets 6 _____________ (take)
to shops where they 7 ___________ (buy).
Hot water, milk and sugar 8 _____________
(add). And tea 9 ______________ (drink) at
any time of day.

2 Rewrite the sentences using the present simple passive.

0. People grow coffee in Brazil.

Coffee is grown in Brazil.

1. You find oil in the Middle East.

Oil _________________________________________________________________________

2. They make lots of cars in Germany.

Lots of cars__________________________________________________________________

3. You see adverts on TV.

Adverts______________________________________________________________________

81
 4. People speak Spanish in South America.

Spanish _____________________________________________________________________

5. In India, people eat rice.

Rice ________________________________________________________________________

6. People play football all over the world.

Football _____________________________________________________________________

7. Shops sell fizzy drinks everywhere.

Fizzy drinks__________________________________________________________________

8. They show the news after my favourite TV show.

The news ___________________________________________________________________

9. People send lots of emails every day.

Lots of emails ________________________________________________________________

3 Look at the picture. Answer the following questions with the present simple passive.

82
0. What happens in the early morning?

The animals’ houses are cleaned.

1. What happens at 9 o’clock?

___________________________________________________________________

2. What happens at 11 o’clock?

__________________________________________________________________

3. What happens at 12 o’clock?

_____________________________________________________________________

4. What happens at 5 o’clock?

_____________________________________________________________________

5. What happens at 6 o’clock?

_____________________________________________________________________

6. What happens in the early morning?

_____________________________________________________________________

7. What happens on Friday?

_____________________________________________________________________

8. What happens on Saturday?

_____________________________________________________________________

9. What happens every month?

_____________________________________________________________________

83
 Past Simple Passive
I can use Past Simple Passive.

Past Simple Passive

 We use was/ were (not) + past participle to make the past simple passive.

The first aeroplane was invented by Orville and Wilbur Wright.

The first aeroplane wasn’t invented by John Logie Baird.

T-shirts were worn in the 19th century.

We weren’t visited.

There is a list of irregular past participles on page 107 – 110.

1 Which sentences are passive? Write P (passive) or NP (no passive).

NP
0. The first explorer was an ancient Egyptian. ________

1. Ferdinand Magellan was the first person to sail around the world. _______

2. The Pacific Ocean was named by Ferdinand Magellan. _______

3. The explorer travelled for years in Europe and Africa. ________

4. The first map of Australia was drawn by Captain James Cook. ________

5. The South Pole was first visited in 1911. _______

6. The first rocket was sent to the moon in 1969. _______

7. The picture was painted with oil paints. ________

84
2 Read the text. Circle the correct answers.

The very first computers 0 invented / were invented about 2500 years ago.

Simple machines called abacuses 1 made / were made by the ancient

Egyptians. These machines 2 was used / were used nearly 500 years ago by

Blaize Pascal but it only 3 added / was added numbers. Alan Turing 4 is

made / was made a different machine 80 years ago. It 5 did / was done more

than any person could do. Then about thirty years ago, the first personal

computers 6 sold / were sold. Now, of course, they 7 were bought / are

bought all over the world.

3 Write the words in the correct order. Use the past simple passive.

0. the wheel / 6000 years ago / invented / was

The wheel was invented 6000 years ago.

1. sailing boats / by / were / the ancient Egyptians / made

______________________________________________________________

2. were / by the Romans / thousands of roads / built

______________________________________________________________

3. were / carried / important Romans / on chairs

______________________________________________________________

85
 4. the first / was / train station / 200 years ago / opened

______________________________________________________________

5. the first bicycles / made / were / in France

______________________________________________________________

6. sold / the first cars / in Germany / were

______________________________________________________________

7. the Eiffel Tower / was / in 1889 / built

______________________________________________________________

8. was / this song / sung / a famous singer / by

______________________________________________________________

9. in Oxford in England / that dictionary / was / written

______________________________________________________________

4 Complete the sentences. Use the past simple passive.

0. The Olympic games were invented (invent) by the ancient Greeks.

1. Football ________________ (play) thousands of years ago in South America.

2. The children ________________ (ask) to help their mum.

3. The football captain ________________ (tell) to choose a new team.

4. Horses ________________ (ride) for sport in ancient India.

5. The tennis match _________________ (watch) by lots of people.

6. The money ________________ (give) to the children’s school.

86
 Wrap-up

1 Rewrite the sentences. Use the past simple passive.

0. Someone invented television in 1927.

Television was invented in 1927.

1. Somebody interviewed my favourite singer last night.

My favourite singer ___________________________________________

2. They paid her for the interview.

She ________________________________________________________

3. Somebody asked about her favourite music.

She ________________________________________________________

4. Somebody took photographs of her.

Photographs of her __________________________________________

2 Look at the table. Complete the active and passive sentences. Use the past simple.

A life of music: Jamie Johnson, singer

1984 He is born 2005 He leaves school.

1987 - 1996 He lives in London with his parents. 2007 He makes his first CD.

1996 He goes to school in his countryside. 2008 A magazine interviews him.

1996 - 2003 He learns to play piano and guitar. He 2009 Jamie wins a song writing
goes to music school. His teachers competition.
are professional musicians.

87
 0. Jamie was born (be born) in 1984.

1. From 1987 to 1996 he _________ (live) in London.

2. In 1996 he ___________ (send) to school in the country.

3. From 1996 to 2003 he __________ (learn) to play the

piano and guitar.

4. From 1996 to 2003 he __________ (teach) by

professional musicians.

5. In 2005 he ___________ (leave) school.

6. In 2007 his first CD ____________ (make).

7. In 2008 he __________ (interview) by a famous magazine.

8. In 2009 he ________ (win) a song writing competition.

3 Write sentences. Use the past simple passive.

0. Chess / play / in ancient Persia.

Chess was played in ancient Persia.

1. Many famous pictures / paint / by Leonardo da Vinci.

___________________________________________________________________

2. The play Hamlet / write / by William Shakespeare.

__________________________________________________________________

3. The pyramids / build / thousands of years ago.

_____________________________________________________________________

4. The first aeroplane / fly / across the Atlantic / by Alcock and Brown.

_____________________________________________________________________

88
 The present perfect simple
I can use the Present Perfect Simple.

The present perfect simple – affirmative, negative, question

 We can use the present perfect simple (have/has + past participle) to give general
information about recent events or to talk about past events when the time is not
specified.

Have you heard? Ted has broken his leg!

 We use the present perfect simple to show that a past event has a connection to
the present.

She has worked here since 2011. (= She works here now.)

They have learnt English for 6 years. (= She learns English now.)

Time expressions

 We use the present perfect simple with adverbs and time expressions like just,
already, yet, today, still, this week and this year to talk about events that happened
at some point in a period of time up to now.

I have taken about 50 photos today. We still haven’t phoned Angie.

89
 Present perfect simple

I/ We/ You/ They have (‘ve)

Positive
He/ She/ It has (‘s)
I/ We/ You/ They have not (haven’t)
Negative Past participle
He/ She/ It has not (hasn’t)
Have I/ We/ You/ They
Question
Has He/ She/ It
1 Complete with the affirmative form of the present perfect simple.

0. I have found some old photos of my parents. (find)

1. Ron __________________ Canada twice. (visit)

2. They __________________ the question. (understand)

3. I’m sorry, we ____________________ all the biscuits. (eat)

4. She _______________ Ian at the party. (meet)

5. Zia and Henry ___________________ their phone number. (change)

6. I _________________ to her favourite songs. (listen)

2 Complete with the negative form of the present perfect simple.

0. I haven’t understood the lesson. (not understand)

1. They ______________ their presents yet. (not open)

2. Diana __________________ any good film. (not watch)

3. He _______________ with the computer. (not finish)

4. Students grade 5 _____________________ Chemist yet. (not learn)

5. We _______________ the Cambridge exam yet. (not take)

6. Mum ______________ some paints for the doll’s house. (not buy)

90
3 Make the questions and complete the answers.

0. A: Have you been to Australia? you/ be/ to Australia? B: No, I haven’t.

1. A: ___________________________ they/ see/ a snake? B: Yes, ________

2. A: ___________________________ she/ meet/ famous singers? B: No, ________

3. A: ___________________________ he/ ride a horse? B: Yes, ________

4. A: ___________________________ you/ have/ toothache? B: Yes, ________

5. A: ___________________________ they/ be/ late before? B: No, ________

6. A: ___________________________ he/ eat/ chocolate? B: No, ________

4 Order the words to make sentences.

0. Alicia/ lunch/ finished/ has/.

Alicia has finished lunch.

1. from/ work/ back/ got/ Mum/ has/.

______________________________________________________________

2. message/ text/ a/ had/ Paul/ has/.

______________________________________________________________

3. story/ heard/ the/ have/ We/.

______________________________________________________________

4. a/ walk/ for/ dog/ the/ Sam/ taken/ has/.

______________________________________________________________

5. exam/ my/ had/ results/ I / have/.

______________________________________________________________

91
 6. History/ project/ her/ Sue/ finished/ has/.

______________________________________________________________

5 Correct the sentences. Use the present perfect simple.

0. I’ve just saw the photo you sent me. It’s really funny!

I’ve just seen the photo you sent me. It’s really funny!

1. Alma just finished her Science homework

______________________________________________________________

2. Grandma’s just get on the bus.

______________________________________________________________

3. Sorry, I just broken the vase.

______________________________________________________________

4. My brother have seen that film. He loved it!

______________________________________________________________

5. My sister not has just gone to bed. She was really tired.

______________________________________________________________

6. Has Lisa and Tisa studied English?

______________________________________________________________

7. My parents hasn’t walked for a dog for one month.

______________________________________________________________

92
The present perfect simple – ever and never

 The word ever means ‘in your life up to now’. We can use ever with the question
form of the present perfect simple to ask about a person’s life experience.

Have you ever made a doll’s house?

 We use never in the present perfect simple to talk about something that we have
not done in our life up to now. We always use an affirmative verb with never.

I’ve never made anything out of wood.

1 Write questions with ever and short answers. Use the present perfect simple.

0. Julia/ sail a boat?

Has Julia ever sailed a boat? Yes, she has.

1. Mum and Dad/ go to the desert?

________________________________ No, they haven’t.

93
 2. Mum/ see a giraffe?

________________________________ _________________

3. Ryan/ swim in the sea?

________________________________ _________________

4. Ryan/ go to America?

________________________________ _________________

5. Mum/ see a polar bear?

________________________________ _________________

6. Mum and Dad/ climb a mountain?

________________________________ _________________

7. Ryan/ go to Australia?

________________________________ _________________

2 Look at the above exercise. Write sentences. Use never in the negative sentences.

0. Julia has sailed a boat.

1. Mum and Dad have never been to a desert.

2. Mum ______________________________________________________

3. Ryan ______________________________________________________

4. Ryan _____________________________________________________

5. Mum _____________________________________________________

6. Mum and Dad _____________________________________________

7. Ryan _____________________________________________________

94
3 Write the words in the correct order.

0. Louise / has/ made/ ever/ a doll’s house?

Has Louise ever made a doll’s house?

1. never/ I/ have/ an elephant./ seen

______________________________________________________________

2. ever/ acted/ in a play?/ you/ have

______________________________________________________________

3. been/ has/ to China?/ Helen/ ever

______________________________________________________________

4. Billy and Jack/ never/ visited/ an aquarium./ have

______________________________________________________________

5. argued/ with my parents./ have/ never/ I

______________________________________________________________

6. have/ eaten/ Chinese food./ never/ my friends

______________________________________________________________

7. they/ swim/ in the sea?/ ever/ have

______________________________________________________________

8. an English film?/ seen/ have/ you/ ever

______________________________________________________________

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The present perfect simple – for and since

 We can use the present perfect with for to talk about how long something has
lasted.
 We use for with a period of time. The period of time can be long or short e.g. 20
years, a week, four hours, three minutes.

William has been a toy collection for more than 20 years.

 This means that William started to collect toys more than 20 years ago and he still
collects toys today.
 We can use the present perfect with since to talk about when something started if it
is still happening.
 We use since with a starting point. The starting point can be any time e.g. 1998,
last year, in March, half-past time.

They have had their museum since 2000.

 This means that William and Cara started the museum in 2000 and they still have it
today.

1 Complete the sentences. Use for or since.

0. William and Cara have had the museum for nearly 10 years.

1. William has collected toys __________ 1986.

2. Cara has liked collecting toys __________ she was a little girl.

3. Large numbers of people have visited this museum every year ___________ 2000.

4. Visitors from all over the world have brought toys and games to the museum _________

many years.

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 5. The museum has had a shop ____________ 2002.

6. People have given toys to the museum ____________ it opened in 2000.

2 Look at the pictures. Write sentences with the present perfect simple.

0 0. they/ be friends/ for

They’ve been friends for three years.

1. Grandma/ be on holiday in Australia/ since

1 ___________________________________________

___________________________________________

2. he/ have an MP3 player/ for

2 ___________________________________________

___________________________________________

3. Cathy/ like chocolate/ since

3
___________________________________________

___________________________________________

4. they/ live in their house/ for

4
___________________________________________

___________________________________________

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3 Write sentences about you. Use the present perfect simple.

0. be/ at this school/ for/ four years.

I’ve been at this school for four years.

1. study/ English/ since/ I was six

____________________________________________________________

2. know/ my best friends/ for/ three years.

____________________________________________________________

3. live/ in my house/ for eight years.

____________________________________________________________

4. have/ my favourite toy/ since/ last year.

____________________________________________________________

5. play/ volleyball/ since/ last summer.

____________________________________________________________

6. not speak/ to him/ since/ last March.

____________________________________________________________

7. read/ my favourite book/ for / a week.

____________________________________________________________

8. run/ for/ an hour.

____________________________________________________________

9. practice/ swimming/ since/ last Sunday.

____________________________________________________________

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 Revison

1 Circle the correct answers.

Last week, Harry, Peter, Beth and Lucy 0 went / has been to the London Eye.

When they 1 arrive / arrived, the queue was huge. The people at the front 2 waited /

has been waiting for more than an hour! Luckily though, they 3 didn’t have / weren’t

having to wait more than ten minutes, because Harry already 4 bought / has bought

the tickets on the Internet.

The view from the top was wonderful. Beth 5 was / were particularly excited

because when she was little she 6 has been / was scared of high places, but not

anymore. Lucy 7 has brought / was bringing her camera with her – she 7 wanted / was

wanting to take hundreds of photos. Unfortunately, while she 8 took / was taking a

photo of Peter and Harry, the camera 9 slipped/ were slipping from her hands and 10

fell / has fallen onto the floor. From then on it 11 didn’t work / wasn’t working properly.

She wasn’t too sad, though, because she 12 had already taken / took lots of beautiful

photos and her camera was quite old. She 13 has asked / was asking her dad for a

new one for ages!

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2 Complete sentences.

0. Mrs Hardy/ talk/ on the phone. Peter/ got/ home. (when)

Mrs Hardy was talking on the phone when Peter got home.

1. Harry/ fall asleep./ He/ watch/ TV (while)

______________________________________________________

2. The Head teacher/ walk/ in./ We/ do/ a test. (while)

______________________________________________________

3. I/ break/ the plate. I/ do/ the washing up. (when)

______________________________________________________

4. She/ get up. They/ have/ breakfast in the kitchen. (when)

______________________________________________________

5. It/ start/ to snow. They/ climb/ the mountain. (when)

______________________________________________________

6. I/ get on/ the plane. Someone/ shout/ my name. (when)

______________________________________________________

7. The children/ take/ this photo of you. You/ sleep. (while)

______________________________________________________

3 Complete the answers. Use the indefinite pronouns from the box.

Anywhere No one anything Everyone Nowhere everything

Someone Nothing

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 0. Who’s there? No one.

1. Where are you going? __________________.

2. What’s that noise? _________________ is talking in the garden.

3. Why are you sad? I haven’t got _______________ nice to wear for the party.

4. Who’s going to be there? ______________, the whole class.

5. What’s on TV? _______________.

6. Are you ready? Yes I’ve packed ______________.

7. It’s boring here. There isn’t _______________ to go.

4 Circle the correct answers.

0. The famous explorer has travelled almost ____________ in Africa.

a. somewhere b. nowhere c. everywhere

1. We saw ___________ very exciting at the zoo yesterday.

a. something b. everything c. anything

2. It was very quiet at the park yesterday morning. There was _________ there.

a. no one b. everybody c. somebody

3. ____________ was very quiet before the storm.

a. Everything b. Everywhere c. Something

4. I’ve never been __________ really cold.

a. anywhere b. nowhere c. somewhere

5. I looked for the keys ___________, but I couldn’t find them.

a. somewhere b. everywhere c. anywhere

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 6. _____________ had a great time at Zoe’s party.

a. Everyone b. Someone c. Anyone

7. Is there _________ here?

a. anywhere b. no one c. anyone

5 Write present simple passive sentences.

0. Every year, millions of cards/ send/ for Mother’s Day.

Every year, millions of cards are sent for Mother’s Day.

1. Flowers and chocolates/ send/ all over the world.

______________________________________________________

2. Presents/ buy.

______________________________________________________

3. Some presents/ make.

______________________________________________________

4. They/ wrap/ in paper.

______________________________________________________

5. Then they/ give/ to mum.

______________________________________________________

6. The paper/ throw away.

______________________________________________________

7. The presents/ keep.

______________________________________________________

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6 Change the active sentences into present simple passive sentences.

0. They speak Arabic and Turkish here.

Arabic and Turkish are spoken here.

1. People read books everywhere.

______________________________________________________

2. We sell postcards in the museum shop.

______________________________________________________

3. They show good programmes on TV.

______________________________________________________

4. They sell tea at that café.

______________________________________________________

5. People drink a lot of tea in Britain.

______________________________________________________

6. Children send millions of text messages every day.

______________________________________________________

7. Lots of people play volleyball in many countries.

______________________________________________________

7 Complete the sentences with the passive past simple.

0. The class was shown round the zoo yesterday. (show)

1. The computer crashed while the new program ______________. (install)

2. When Jane first saw the house it _____________________. (redecorate)

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 3. Your order ____________________, sir. (not send)

4. When we arrived at school, the central heating _______________. (repair)

5. The plane _________________ in the morning, so that it’s ready for us this afternoon. (clean)

6. The show _______________ in front of a live audience last week. (not record)

7. All the changing rooms ______________, so I had to wait in a queue. (use)

8 Rewrite the sentences in the past simple passive.

0. They repaired my computer in two hours.

My computer was repaired in two rooms.

1. Tom made the best suggestion.

______________________________________________________

2. The teacher finished our progress reports.

______________________________________________________

3. The taxi driver drove us to the airport.

______________________________________________________

4. The students didn’t make posters for school fete.

______________________________________________________

5. Someone prepared our lunch.

______________________________________________________

6. The painter didn’t paint the room white.

______________________________________________________

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 7. Someone followed me last night.

______________________________________________________

9 Find the mistakes then correct them.

0. She has already went home.

She has already gone home.

1. We’re had this car for 1998.

______________________________________________________

2. Has you finished your homework project yet?

______________________________________________________

3. I’ve known Angela for we were two years old.

______________________________________________________

4. Adrian has ever used the Internet!

______________________________________________________

5. We haven’t have any news so far.

______________________________________________________

6. She hasn’t spoke to me since last January.

______________________________________________________

7. I has just painted these chairs, so be careful.

______________________________________________________

8. Have you never used an electric dictionary before?

______________________________________________________

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 9. Graham has drank fruit juice for breakfast.

______________________________________________________

10 Rewrite the sentences.

0. Mark has never ridden a bike before.

It’s the first time Mike has ever ridden a bike.

0. It’s the third time I’ve read this book.

I’ve read this book three times.

1. It’s the first time we’ve ever been to a concert.

We ______________________________________________________

2. They’ve never visited a museum before.

It’s ______________________________________________________

3. Sandra has travelled to the USA five times.

It’s the fifth time _________________________________________

4. You’ve never complained about the food before.

It’s the first time _________________________________________

5. It’s the fourth time I’ve been to this adventure park.

I’ve _____________________________________________________

6. It’s the first time it has ever snowed here!

It has ___________________________________________________

106
 Irregular verbs list

V-base V-past V-past participle Meaning

1 awake awoke awoken tỉnh giấc

2 be was, were been thì, là, ở

3 beat beat beaten đánh bại

4 become became become trở thành

5 begin began begun bắt đầu

6 bend bent bent uốn cong

7 bet bet bet đặt cược

8 bid bid bid thầu

9 bite bit bitten cắn

10 blow blew blown thổi

11 break broke broken đập vỡ, gãy

12 bring brought brought mang theo

13 broadcast broadcast broadcast phát sóng

14 build built built xây dựng

15 burn burned/burnt burned/burnt đốt cháy

16 buy bought bought mua

17 catch caught caught bắt

18 choose chose chosen chọn

19 come came come đến

20 cost cost cost chi phí

21 cut cut cut cắt

22 dig dug dug đào

23 do did done làm

24 draw drew drawn vẽ

25 dream dreamed/dreamt dreamed/dreamt mơ

107
26 drive drove driven lái (xe)

27 drink drank drunk uống

28 eat ate eaten ăn

29 fall fell fallen té, rớt

30 feel felt felt cảm thấy

31 fight fought fought đánh nhau

32 find found found tìm thấy

33 fly flew flown bay

34 forget forgot forgotten quên

35 forgive forgave forgiven tha thứ

36 freeze froze frozen đóng băng

37 get got got có được

38 give gave given đưa

39 go went gone đi

40 grow grew grown trồng

41 hang hung hung treo

42 have had had có, ăn

43 hear heard heard nghe

44 hide hid hidden giấu

45 hit hit hit đánh

46 hold held held tổ chức

47 hurt hurt hurt tổn thương

48 keep kept kept giữ

49 know knew known biết

50 lay laid laid đặt, để

51 lead led led dẫn

52 learn learned/learnt learned/learnt học

53 leave left left rời khỏi

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54 lend lent lent cho vay

55 let let let cho phép

56 lie lay lain nói dối

57 lose lost lost mất, thua

58 make made made làm

59 mean meant meant có nghĩa là

60 meet met met gặp

61 pay paid paid trả tiền

62 put put put đặt

63 read read read đọc

64 ride rode ridden đạp xe

65 ring rang rung vòng

66 rise rose risen tăng

67 run ran run chạy

68 say said said nói

69 see saw seen thấy

70 sell sold sold bán

71 send sent sent gửi

72 show showed showed / shown cho xem

73 shut shut shut đóng

74 sing sang sung hát

75 sit sat sat ngồi

76 sleep slept slept ngủ

77 speak spoke spoken nói

78 spend spent spent chi tiêu

79 stand stood stood đứng

80 swim swam swum bơi

81 take took taken lấy

109
82 teach taught taught dạy

83 tear tore torn xé

84 tell told told kể

85 think thought thought nghĩ

86 throw threw thrown ném

87 understand understood understood hiểu

88 wake woke woken thức dậy

89 wear wore worn mặc

90 win won won giành chiến thắng

91 write wrote written viết

110