10 Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Regional Office III
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF OLONGAPO CITY

Guided Learning Activity Sheets

Music 10
Quarter 1 – Weeks 1- 4
The Magical World of 20th Century Music

Health – Grade 8

Guided
Learning Activity Sheet
Title: The Magical World of 20th-Century Music
Quarter 1- Weeks 1-4

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the
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represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor

Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Locally Developed Self - Learning Material

Writer: Eduardo B. Velasco Jr.

Content Editor: Saturnino D. Dumlao
Reviewer: Janette O. Pielago
Illustrator: Eduardo B. Velasco Jr.
Lay Out Artist:Eduardo B. Velasco Jr.

Division Management Team:

Schools Division Superintendent : Leilani Samson Cunanan, CESO V

Asst. Schools Division Superintendent : Maylene M. Minimo, EdD, CESE
Chief Education Supervisor, CID : Ariel C. Lansang
Education Program Supervisor, LRMDS : Jose C. Tala, EdD
Education Program Supervisor, MAPEH : Saturnino D. Dumlao
District Supervisor, :
School Principal :

Printed in the Philippines, Department of Education – SDO of Olongapo City

Office Address : Gordon Avenue, Asinan, Olongapo City

Telefax : 222-2568 / 603-0570
E-mail Address : olongapocity@deped.gov.ph
I. What I Need to Know?
At the end of this Learning Activity Sheet, you are expected to:
1. Describe distinctive musical elements of given pieces in 20th century styles
MU10TCIa-h-2;
2. Explain the performance practice (setting, composition, role of composers/performers,
and audience) of 20th century music. MU10TCIb-g-4;
3. Relate 20th century music to other art forms and media during the same period
MU10TCIa-g-3;

II. What I Know?

Directions: Inside the box are the names of the prominent composers in the 20th century.
Identify the pictures by writing the number on the space provided before each
name.

PROMINENT COMPOSERS

____Arnold Schoenberg ____Claude Debussy

____ Igor Stravinsky ____ Joseph Maurice Ravel
____Francis Poulenc ____ George Gershwin
____Bela Bartok ____Phillip Glass
____Leonard Bernstein ____Sergei Prokofeiff
____William Schuman ____ Nikolai Korsakov
____ Alexander Borodin ____ Mily Balakirev
____Ramon Santos ____ Lucresia Kasilag

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I. What’s In?
This lesson will help you understand the distinctive musical elements of given pieces
at the same time the cultural and historical background of the composers of the 20th century.

II. What is New?

Music of the 20th Century:

The musical works of the 20th century introduced new styles and movements of music
with dissonances, percussive sounds, and irregular rhythms. Music of the 20th century was
greatly influenced by the movements in Europe in the context of Impressionism,
Expressionism, Neo-classicism, Avant-Garde and Modern Nationalism. These musical
movements contribute various styles and distinctive compositions and arrangements behind
their innovative and experimental styles.

“The Transitory Period and the Musical Movement”

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V.What is It?
1. IMPRESSIONISM
It is a musical style that produces new indirect musical colors that lightly overlapped
in different chords with each other. It works on nature sounds like the splashing of the waves,
flowing river, chirping of the birds, and the soft music evoked and its beauty, likeness, and
brilliance. Impressionism normally gives the feeling of finality to a piece, moods and
textures, harmonic vagueness about the structure of certain chords, and the use of a whole-
tone scale.

CLAUDE DEBUSSY (1862-1918

He was born last August 22, 1862, in St. Germain-en-Laye in France.
With his intention to change the sequence of music from traditional and
conventional ways, he found new ways in evolving into a new language
of possibilities in harmony, rhythm, form, texture, and color which
describes distinctive musical elements. He acquired and gained
refutations as an erratic pianist and rebel in theory and harmony added
with other systems of musical composition because of his passion for
music. Fortunately won the top prize at the Prix de Rome competition
with his composition
(“L’ Enfant Prodigue”). Furthermore, He was called the “Father of the
modern school of composition” that marks him on the styles of later 20 th century composers
like Igor Stravinsky, Edgar Varese, and Olivier Messiaen. He ventured visual arts through the
influenced by Monet, Pissarro, Manet, Degas and Renoir
Compositions: Ariettes Oubliees, Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun, String Quartet,
Pelleas et Melisande (1895), La Mer (1905), Images, Suite Bergamasque, and Estampes,
Claire de Lune (moonlight.
Here’s the compilation of Claude Debussy’s compositions. Listen carefully. Youtube
link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OUx6ZY60uiI&t=295s
MAURICE RAVEL (1875-1937)
He was the son of a Basque mother and a Swiss father and born in
Ciboure, France. At the age of 14, he entered the Paris Conservatory with
the eminent French composer Gabriel Faure and composed a number of
masterpieces where he studied music. He characterized with unique
innovative but not an atonal style of harmonic treatment with intricate and
sometimes modal and extended chordal components. Ravel’s works are only
musically satisfying but also pleasantly dissonant elegantly sophisticated
applying harmonic progressions and modulations. Refining his delicacy and
color, contrast and effects add to the difficulty in the proper execution of the
musical passages with water in its flowing and stormy moods, as well as
with human characterizations where many of his works dealt with it.
Compositions: Pavane for a Dead Princess (1899),Jeux d’Eau or Water Fountains (1901),
String Quartet (1903), Sonatine for Piano (c.1904) Miroirs (Mirrors), 1905,Gaspard de la
Nuit (1908)
Valses Nobles et Sentimentales (1911),Le Tombeau de Couperin (c.1917)
Rhapsodie Espagnole, Bolero, Daphnis et Chloe (1912), La Valse (1920), Tzigane (1922)

Here’s the compilation of Maurice Ravel’s compositions. Listen carefully. Youtube link:
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3tQs6l4d8hM
2. EXPRESSIONISM
Expressionism presents atonality and the twelve-tone scale revealing composer’s
mind, expressing strong emotions, anxiety, rage, and alienation. It expresses the meaning of
emotional experience rather than physical reality. One of the proponents of expressionism is
Arnold Schoenberg.
ARNOLD SCHOENBERG (1874-1951)
Arnold Schoenberg was an Austrian composer born last September 13, 1874, in a
working-class of Suburb of Vienna, Austria. He was famous as the
exponent of the twelve-tone system with twelve tones related only to
one another also known as the serial technique. He was influenced
by Richard Wagner, a German composer.
His contribution to music includes atonality, meaning the
absence of key evolved from an emphasis on chromatic harmony in
the liberal use of the twelve tones in a chromatic scale. He died last
July 13, 195, in Los Angeles, California, USA where he had settled
since 1934.
Compositions: Verklarte Nacht, Three Pieces for Piano, op. 1, Pierrot
Lunaire, Gurreleider, Verklarte Nacht (Transfigured Night, 1899).Youtube link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JEY9lmCZbIc

3. NEOCLASSICISM
Neo-classicism music is different from the two movements. This is light, entertaining,
cool, and independent of its emotional content. The composition style used by the composer
was the seven-note diatonic scale. This period combines tonal harmonies applying with slight
dissonance which has a three- movement format like shifting time signatures, complex but
exciting rhythmic patterns, as well as harmonic dissonance that produce harsh chords. The
composers of this time in neo-classicism are Francis Poulenc, Igor Stravinsky, Paul
Hindemith, and Sergei Prokofeiff.

IGOR STRAVINSKY (1882-1971)

Igor Stravinsky was a Russian born composer and conductor

who became both and American and a French citizen, he was born
last June 17, 1882, in Oraniaenbaum (now Lomonosov) Russia.
His style of music is neoclassical which uses scale, cords, and tone
color in a clear and traditional way with frequent changes in meter
signature, offbeat syncopation, and displacing regular accent as he
utilize. He adopted the forms of 18th century music with his
contemporary style of writing, very structured, precise, controlled,
full of artifice, and theatricality despite its shocking modernity.
Compositions: Firebird (1910), Petrushka (1911), The Rite of
Spring (1913), The wedding (1923), AND Agon (1957), orchestral music like Symphonies of
wind instruments (1920), concerto for pianos and winds (1924), Dumbarton Oaks Concerto
6
(1938), Symphony in C (1940), Symphony in 3 movements (1945), and Ebon concerto
(1945); choral music like Symphony of Psalms (1930), Canticum Sacrum (1955), Threni
(1958), and Requiem Canticles (1966); and operas like The Rake’s Progress (1951), opera
oratorio Oedipus Rex (1927), and other dramatic works like the Soldier’s Hale (1918).
Here’s the compilation of Igor Stravinsky’s compositions. Listen carefully. Youtube link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ne4PoC7V0Mk
SERGEI PROKOFIEFF (1891-1953)
He was born last 1891 in Ukraine. He combined the
movements of music like Neoclassicism, Nationalism, and Avant-
Garde composition. With his progressive technique, pulsating
rhythms, melodic directness, and a resolving dissonance he was
uniquely recognized. In writing symphonies, chamber music,
concerte, and solo instrumental music, he became a productive and
prolific composer. He worked and linked with other composers,
combined styles of Haydn and Mozart as classicist and Igor
Stravinsky as Neo-Classicist also inspired by Beethoven with two
highly regarded violin concerte and two string quartets.
Compositions: Romeo and Juliet, Symphony 1, Violin Concerto
No.2, The love for three Oranges. Listen carefully. Youtube link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3E9tN3vnyf4.
BELA BARTOK (1881-1945)
B e l a B a r t o k
lessons with his mother and made folk songs transcription. He
opened the way to new modal kinds of harmony and irregular meter.
He was a Hungarian composer and pianist, created a distinctive
musical style using folk music. He excelled in instrumental music
writing many works for solo piano pieces, six string quartets and
other chamber music, three concertos for piano, one for violin and
several compositions for orchestras, the reinterpreted, traditional-
musical forms like the rondo, fugue, and sonata. He utilized
changing meters and strong syncopations in his music style.
Compositions: Mikrokosmos, Viola Concerto, The Miraculous
Mandarin, Concerto for Orchestra, Bluebeard’s Castle, Divertimento for String Orchestra,
Romanian Folk dances.
Here’s the compilation of Bela Bartok’s compositions. Listen carefully. Youtube link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uUG5fYLSC8w

4. AVANT-GARDE
This form of music was considered as the vanguard of experimentation or innovation
period. The existing aesthetic and conventional type of music has been put on to criticize,
rejecting the status quo in favor of unique or original elements. Adopting extreme
composition within a certain tradition the so- called “Experimental Music”. The new attitude
will be altered toward musical movement and it varies in the continuity where the notes being
grouped into.
The proponents of the Avant-Garde Movement of Music
are George Gershwin, Leonard Bernstein, and Phillip Glass.
GEORGE GERSHWIN
He was considered as a phenomenal composer, a
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cross-over artist, and a father of American Jazz. Noteworthy of evidence with his numerous
songs, serious compositions remain highly popular in the classical repertoire, and with the
mixture of the primitive and sophisticated music which lasted long after his death. He
composed 369 musical works, including orchestral music, chamber music, musical theater,
film musicals, operas, and songs. He died last July 11, 1937 in Hollywood, California, USA.
Compositions: Rhapsody in Blue (1924), and American in Paris (1928), Porgy and
Bess (1934).Here’s the compilation of George Gershwin’s compositions. Listen carefully.
Youtube link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z5oxKdrOvGU

LEONARD BERNSTEIN (1918-1990)

This notable composer was born in Massachusetts,

USA, he commended himself as a charismatic conductor,
pianist, composer, and lecturer to his many followers. On
November 14, 1943, he was requested to be a substitute for
the ailing Bruno Walter in conducting the New York
Philharmonic Orchestra in a concert.
Compositions: West Side Story (1957), an American
version of Romeo and Juliet, Candide (1956), Mass
(1971).
Here’s the compilation of Leonard Bernstein’s compositions. Listen carefully. Youtube
link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NkhM2S4vh30
PHILLIP GLASS (1937)
He is one of the Avant-Garde composers who also explored the
areas of ballet, opera, theatre, film, and even television jingles. His style of
music was criticized as uneventful and shallow because of its application to
new sound yet effective and compelling style. . He was inspired by a
renowned Indian satirist Ravi Shankar, and assisted the recording
soundtrack for Conrad Rooks film Chappaqua. He produced and formed
ensemble works such as Music in Similar Motion (1969), Music in
Changing Paris (1970). He has several achievements in the light of music,
are the following three operas: Einstein on the Beach (1976), Satyagraha
(1980) and Akhnaten (1984).
Here’s the compilation of Phillip Glass’ compositions. Listen carefully. Youtube
link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Stu7h7Qup8

5. MODERN NATIONALISM
Nationalistic composers and musical innovators were misled in the 20th century
music development combined with modern techniques with folk materials. Prominent
Russian composers like Bela Bartok and Sergei Prokofieff who were the neoclassicist infused
classical techniques crossing rhythms and shifting meters. They made extensive use of
polytonality that uses two or more tonal centers simultaneously.
In Russia, five highly considered gifted individuals that infused chromatic harmony,
incorporated with Russian folk music, liturgical chants in their thematic materials namely
Modest Mussorgsky, Mili Balakirev, Alexander Borodin, Cesar Cui, and Nikolai Rimsky
Korsakov. Furthermore, Erik Satie, a French composer who gave a colorful figure in the early
20th century, specifically avant-garde and modern nationalism.
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VI.What’s More?
Activity1. I FILL IN LOVE WITH
MUSIC!
Directions: Fill in the table below to complete the 20th Century Composer’s Timeline.

XName of Composer Year Noted Accomplishment

Claude Debussy   His creative style was characterized by his
unique approach to the various musical
elements.
  1875 – 1937 The harmonic progressions and modulations
of his works are musically satisfying,
pleasantly dissonant, and elegantly
sophisticated.
Arnold Schoenberg 1874 - 1951  
Igor Stravinsky   His works featured shifting rhythms and
polytonality, also has a new level of
dissonance was reached a sense of tonality
was abandoned.
  1881 – 1945 He utilized changing meters and strong
syncopations in his compositions and have
rich melodies and lively rhythms
Sergei Prokofieff 1891 – 1953  

  1899 – 1963 His compositions had a cooly elegant

modernity, tempered by a classical sense of
proportion.
George Gershwin   He is a cross-over artist because his serious
compositions remain highly popular in the
classical repertoire.
Leonard Bernstein 1918 – 1990  
Philip Glass   He explored the territories of ballet, opera,
theater, film and television jingles.

Activity 1.2: MATCH ME!

Directions: Match column A with column B. Write the letter of the correct answer on the
space provided before each number.
A B
A. Claude Debussy
___ 1. Claire de Lune
B. Igor Stravinsky
___ 2. Tonight from Westside Story
C. Leonard Bernstein
___ 3. Verklarte Nacht
___ 4. AN American in Paris D. Sergei Prokofieff
___ 5. The Rite of Spring E. George Gershwin
___ 6. Allegro F. Bela Bartok
___ 7. Romeo and Juliet G. Arnold Schoenberg
___8. Petrouchka H. Joseph Maurice Ravel
9 I. Francis Poulenc
J. Philip Glass
1. Igor Stravinsky is a composer of Neoclassicism who is known for his unique style.
2. The captivating sounds of the environment are revealed by Impressionistic music.
3. One of___9. La Mer
the creative composers who used folk music in his compositions is Bela Bartok.
___10. Mirroirs (mirrors)
4. Claude Debussy is known for his unique style as an impressionistic composer.
5. Arnold Schoenberg is one of the most favorite expressionistic composers in his time.

Activity 1.3: CONCEPT MAP!

VIII. What Can I Do?
Directions: Fill in the boxes below to complete the concept map. Write the musical composi-
tions made by the given compos
Directions: Think of a 21st century song that you have listened to that is somehow similar to the 20th century
music that you have studied. It may be a song in a Filipino musical plays, movies, series, or Youtube videos.
Describe the two songs in terms of their musical impact on you and how they are interconnected. Write your
answer on a separate sheet.

VII.What I Have Learned?

___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
20th century ___________________________________________ 21st century
music music
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________

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 The Characteristics Style of Music in the 20th Century
The musical movements from impressionism to modern nationalism contribute various styles
and distinctive compositions and arrangements behind their innovative and experimental styles. The
continuity of change in ideas, techniques, and variations of styles from one piece of music to another
had greatly influenced by the elite composers who brought honor and fame to its nation. Diversity of
musical elements may opt to continue making great things happen in this world of music. In order to
understand the characteristics, and movements of impressionistic music, let us listen to the work of
Claude Debussy entitled “La Mer” with this link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FOCucJw7iT8

V.What is It?
1. RHYTHM
It is one of the elements of music that gives structure and pulse of the music. The following structures
are the duration, tempo and meter.
2. DYNAMICS
Dynamics is part of the musical elements that relate to the loudness or quietness of music. Basic terms
related to dynamics are crescendo, diminuendo, and accent.
3. MELODY
It is a musical element that focuses on the horizontal or linear presentation of various scales. Melodies
can be described into conjunct and disjunct.
4. HARMONY
It is the opposite of melody. It focuses on the verticalization of the pitch. It is thought to be as an art of
combining pitches into chords and carefully and usually arranged into a sentence like patterns called
progression. In this context, the dissonance, and consonance are the terms being described in
harmony. Other terms that may relate to this are modality, tonality, and atonality of the music
composition.
5. TONE COLOR
It is a musical element that produces different and unique characteristics that have obviously produced
by the singer. Another term for this is timber (Tam-ber).
6. TEXTURE
This musical element refers to the number of individual musical lines and the relationship of these lines
to each other. Texture can be classified into monophonic, homophonic, and polyphonic.
 7. MUSICAL FORM
It is an order of melodic, harmonic and rhythmic events of a piece. It designates musical division
brought to a repetition of melodic material and or the presentation of new yet contrasting material.
Forms can be described into strophic, through-composed, binary and ternary Form.

VI.What’s More?
Activity 1 MUSICAL ELEMENTS CHART
Directions: Based on the cultural content of the previous lesson of the different composers, recapitulate
the distinctive elements of music used by the composers.
Put a check (/) on the element that corresponds to the description of the musical piece. Attach is
the link for listening.

Dynamics
Harmony

Rhythm

Melody

Texture
Timbre

Form
Composers

Claude Debussy
             
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FOCucJw7iT8
Maurice Ravel
             
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0A4Lxm3IpvY
Arnold Schoenberg
             
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5h5Xc-rUef4
Igor Stravinsky
             
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XvXlFKvpoOg
Sergei Prokofeiff
             
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=coxgnE3aTs0
Bela Bartok
             
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kPRxjd2ETSo
Leonard Bernstein
             
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ujxHq8i7fgE
Phillip Glass              

Activity 2 LET’S COMPARE AND CONTRAST

Directions: Compare and Contrast the works of Claude Debussy and Nicanor Abelardo, a Filipino
composer in terms of their musical elements. Write your answers on the table below.
COMPOSERS Musical Compositions
Claude Debussy Clair De Lune
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CvFH_6DNRCY
Nicanor Abelardo Mutya ng Pasig
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hegm_WDSYe4

Harmony Rhythm Melody Timbre Texture Dynamics

Clair De
Lune
Mutya ng
Pasig

IX. Assessment
Directions: Answer the following questions below. Write your answers on a separate sheet.

1. The advent of modern music such as KPOP has nearly buried the classical music of the 20th
century. As a 21st century learner, how would you change the perception of the youth today and
prove that 20th-century music is still relevant and worthy of appreciation in this day and age? (5 pts)
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________

2. The notable composers of the 20th century have contributed so much in the field of music and arts.
If you were to choose one Filipino composer, who do you think has reached the bar that these 20th-
century composers had set? Explain your answer. (5pts.)
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________

3. The Covid-19 pandemic has ruined many lives and opportunities. It has also put our mental health at
risk. Since listening to music is a form of relaxation, what 20th-century music would you
recommend to your friend? Explain your answer. (5 pts.)
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________

Answer Key
 References

Reference Books:
1. ADM Quarter 1 – Module 1: Music
2. Buenviaje , Paz A. 2005. Music,Arts, Physical Education, and Health IV.
Phoenix Publishing House,Inc.
3. Cabanban , Evelyn F. 2015. Music and Arts Appreciation for Young
Filipinos. Philippines Tawid Publications..
 4. Estarija , Consolacion A. 2005.Music, Arts, Physical Education, and Health
IV. Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.

Electronic References:
5.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ea2WoUtbzuw
6. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hegm_WDSYe4
7. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lXptv3RHMTs
8. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lXptv3RHMTs
9. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q4wb11w0ZHQ
10.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VeTFxbsVGrI
11. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iaPlyJDdlqU
12. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3gvVrEG03U
13. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5haN3qsF-V4
14.
https://www.brainscape.com/flashcards/elements-of-20th-century-musical-
style-5301675/packs/7879751
15. https://images.app.goo.gl/LTbTyets5bq9VW327 acessed June 4
16.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KUFpcPEcwTo
17. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0A4Lxm3IpvY
18. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vqODySSxYpc&t=189s