You are on page 1of 44

Korean for Beginners: Step 3

Vocabulary

Natalya Karavaeva
BA in Korean Philology,
Department of Korean Studies
Vocabulary

•• 컴퓨터 게임하다 — to play computer games


•• 수영하다 — to swim

•• 야구하다 — to play baseball

•• 농구하다 — to play basketball

•• 축구하다 — to play football

•• 요가하다 — to do yoga
Vocabulary

•• 테니스를 치다 — to play tennis


•• 배드민턴을 치다 — to play badminton

•• 탁구를 치다 — to play table tennis


Vocabulary

•• 스키를 타다 — to ski
•• 스케이트를 타다 — to skate

•• 자전거를 타다 — to ride a bicycle

•• 오토바이를 타다 — to ride a motorbike


Vocabulary

•• 피아노를 치다 — to play the piano


•• 기타를 치다 — to play the guitar

•• 드럼을 치다 — to play the drums

•• 바이올린을 켜다 — to play the violin

•• 플루트를 불다 — to play the flute


Vocabulary

•• 맛집 — must-eat place (a place where famous and delicious food is served)


•• 음식을 만들다 — to make / prepare food

•• 독서하다 — to read books

•• 연극을 보다 — to watch a play

•• 잘하다 — to be good at, to excel

•• 이상하다 — unusual, peculiar, weird, strange


Vocabulary

•• 사귀다 — to date or to make friends (with someone)


•• 머리카락 — hair

•• 품질 — quality

•• 요즘 — lately, these days

•• 혼자 — alone

•• 슬프다 — sad
Vocabulary

•• 천천히 — slowly
•• 귀엽다 — endearing, sweet, funny, cute, pretty

•• 불편하다 — inconvenient
Vocabulary

일찍 early 늦게 late

빠르다 fast 느리다 slow

넓다 wide, spacious 좁다 narrow

쉽다 easy 어렵다 difficult

뜨겁다 hot (about an object) 차갑다 cold (about an object)

짧다 short 길다 long
Korean for Beginners: Step 3

The State / Result
Modifier -(으)ㄴ
with Adjectives

Natalya Karavaeva
BA in Korean Philology,
Department of Korean Studies
Korean Word Order

SOV

Copula
Verb
Subject + Object +
(Predicate)
Adjective

Verb
The State / Result Modifier -(으)ㄴ with Adjectives

The girl is pretty. — 그 여자는 예뻐요.

Adjective (Predicate)

The pretty girl reads a lot of books. — 그 예쁜 여자는 책을 많이 읽어요.

Adjective Verb (Predicate)


The State / Result Modifier -(으)ㄴ with Adjectives

The stem of an adjective + -(으)ㄴ = Modified adjective

작다
작 + 은 = 작은
예쁘다
예쁘 + ㄴ = 예쁜
예쁜 여자
Modified adjective + Noun
The State / Result Modifier -(으)ㄴ with Adjectives

lit. “Being pretty, the girl reads a lot of books”.

그 예쁜 여자는 책을 많이 읽어요.

Modified adjective Verb (Predicate)


The State / Result Modifier -(으)ㄴ with Adjectives

•• -(으)ㄴ (adjective and the copula only) — expresses a present or ongoing state
•• 재미있다, 재미없다, 맛있다 etc. are all conjugated differently!
Examples with The State / Result Modifier -(으)ㄴ

깨끗하고 넓은 방에 살고 싶어요.
[I] want to live in a clean and spacious room.

——어떤 남자를 사귀고 싶어요 ?


——What kind of guy do [you] wish to date?

——똑똑하고 멋진 남자를 사귀고 싶어요.


——[I] wish to date a clever and stylish guy.

품질이 안 좋아서 싼 옷을 안 사요.


[I] don’t buy cheap clothes, because the quality [of it] isn’t good.
Examples with The State / Result Modifier -(으)ㄴ

다른 볼펜이 있어요 ?
Do [you] have another pen?

어제 회사원인 박은지가 늦게까지 일했어요.


The office worker Park Eunji worked till late yesterday.

귀여운 강아지네요! 이름이 뭐예요 ?


What a cute puppy! What’s [his] name?

저는 차가운 커피를 마시고 싶어요.


I want to drink cold coffee.
Examples with The State / Result Modifier -(으)ㄴ

흐리고 추운 날씨에 항상 졸려요.


[I] am always sleepy in cloudy and cold weather.

긴 머리카락이 불편해요.
It’s inconvenient to have long hair.

오늘 진짜 힘든 날이에요.
Today is a very hard day.
Examples with The State / Result Modifier -(으)ㄴ

어떻다 / 어떤 — what kind of: used to talk about a feature or a trait of something or of someone

——어떤 영화를 좋아해요 ? ——수미 씨의 언니는 어떤 사람이에요 ?


——What kind (type) of films do [you] like? ——What kind of person is Sumi’s elder sister?

——다큐멘터리를 좋아해요. ——좋은 사람이에요.


——[I] like documentaries. ——[She] is a good person.
Examples with The State / Result Modifier -(으)ㄴ

무엇 / 무슨 — what. 무슨 should always precede a noun

무슨 말이에요 ? — What do [you] mean? (lit. ‘What is the word?’)

——요즘 무슨 책을 읽어요 ?
——What book are [you] reading these days?

——‘채식주의자’를 읽어요.
——[I] am reading ‘The Vegetarian’.
Examples with The State / Result Modifier -(으)ㄴ

무엇 / 무슨 — what. 무슨 should always precede a noun

무슨 말이에요 ? — What do [you] mean? (lit. ‘What is the word?’)

——오늘 무슨 요일이에요?
——What day of the week is it today?

——오늘 목요일이에요.
——Today is Thursday.
Korean for Beginners: Step 3

The Nominal Form -는 것

Natalya Karavaeva
BA in Korean Philology,
Department of Korean Studies
The Nominal Form -는 것

Verb stem + -는 것 = The nominal form (noun)


The Nominal Form -는 것

Verb modifier that expresses


an action in the present tense
 -는 것

비가 오는 날을 좋아해요.
[I] like rainy days (lit. ‘[I] like days that are rainy’).

제가 좋아하는 영화는 타이타닉이에요.


My favourite film is “Titanic”.

제 취미는 사진을 찍는 거예요.


My hobby is taking photos.
The Nominal Form -는 것

Verb modifier that expresses


an action in the present tense
 -는 것

오늘 제 생일이어서 맛있는 음식을 많이 먹어요!


It is my birthday today, so let’s eat lots of tasty food!

어제 재미있는 책을 읽었어요.
[I] read an interesting book yesterday.
The Nominal Form -는 것

Verb modifier that expresses


an action in the present tense
 -는 것 “act, fact”

-는 것 — lit. ‘the fact that someone is doing’, ‘the fact that someone does’
Examples with the Nominal Form -는 것

우리 누나는 한국 음식을 요리하는 것을 잘해요.


My elder sister is good at cooking Korean food.
 

한국어를 공부하는 것이 어려워요.


It’s hard to study Korean.
 

영화를 보러 가는 게 어때요?
How about going to watch a film?

저는 피아노를 치는 것을 좋아해요.
I like playing the piano.
좋다 / 좋아하다 and 싫다 / 싫어하다

Adjectives

-이 / 가 + 좋다 (good), 싫다 (unpleasant, horrible, hateful)

Verbs

-을 / 를 + 좋아하다 (like), 싫어하다 (dislike)


Examples with 좋다 / 좋아하다 and 싫다 / 싫어하다

등산하는 것이 좋아요.
[The idea of] climbing the mountain is good.
 

테니스를 치는 것을 좋아해요.
[I] like to play tennis.
 

자전거를 타는 것을 싫어해요.
[I] dislike riding a bike.

일찍 일어나는 것이 싫어요.
[The idea of] getting up early is horrible.
Examples with the Nominal Form -는 것

혼자 사는 것이 이상해요.
It’s strange to live alone.
 

친구랑 노는 것을 좋아해요.
[I] like to hang out with my friends.
Examples with the Nominal Form -는 것

혼자 사는 것이 이상해요.
It’s strange to live alone.
 

친구랑 노는 것을 좋아해요.
[I] like to hang out with my friends.
“ㄹ”—irregular Predicates

Predicate

Ending / Suffix 살다 만들다 길다

-아 / 어요 살아요 만들어요 길어요


“ㄹ”—irregular Predicates

Predicate

Ending / Suffix 살다 만들다 길다
-(으)러 살러 만들러 -
-(으)려고 살려고 만들려고 -
“ㄹ”—irregular Predicates

Predicate

Ending / Suffix 살다 만들다 길다
-(으)ㄴ - - 긴
-는 사는 만드는 -
-네요 사네요 만드네요 기네요
-(스)ㅂ니다 삽니다 만듭니다 깁니다
-(으)ㅂ시다 삽시다 만듭시다 -
-(으)십시오 사십시오 만드십시오 -
“ㄹ”—irregular Predicates

Predicate

Ending / Suffix 살다 만들다 길다
-(으)면 살면 만들면 길면
-고 살고 만들고 길고
-(으)ㄹ 것이다 살 것이다 만들 것이다 길 것이다
Korean for Beginners: Step 3

The Particle of
Comparison -보다

Natalya Karavaeva
BA in Korean Philology,
Department of Korean Studies
The Particle of Comparison -보다

•• -보다 — more than or rather than (used to compare something or someone)


Examples with the Particle of Comparison -보다

비행기는 기차보다 빨라요.


The plane is faster than the train.

오늘은 어제보다 따뜻해요.


Today is warmer than yesterday.

동생은 저보다 키 커요.


[My] younger brother (or sister) is taller than me.

마이클 씨보다 제프 씨가 헌국어를 잘해요.


Jeff is better at Korean than Michael.
더 (more) and 덜 (less)

지난 달보다 이번 달에 일이 더 많아요.
[I have] more work this month compared to last month.

저는 자전거를 타는 것보다 오토바이를 타는 것을 덜 좋아해요.


I like riding a motorbike less than riding a bike.

저는 부모님하고 사는 것보다 혼자 사는 것이 더 좋아요.


[The idea] of living alone is better for me than living with my parents.
가장 (most)

러시아는 가장 큰 나라예요.
Russia is the biggest country.

여름에 날씨가 가장 더워요.


The weather in summer is the hottest.

You might also like