Professional Documents
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Fuel system
INTAKE CIRCUIT
THROTTLE CASE
The butterfly valve case is responsible for metering the quantity of air supplied to the engine (and thus
controlling engine power output) according to accelerator position determined by the driver.
The butterfly valve case is fastened to the intake manifold by four screws. The throttle is opened by a
linkage with configuration designed to open the throttle by a small amount when the pedal is hardly
pressed (provided pedal travel remains the same) and open it by large amounts when the pedal is
pressed down further.
With the pedal fully released (engine in over-run or idling), the additional air required is supplied by an
engine idle adjustment solenoid. Under these conditions, the throttle opening lever comes into contact
with an anti-bind screw, which prevents the throttle becoming locked in closed position.
To prevent the build-up of ice around the throttle and the hole leading to the PCV valve, the butterfly
valve case is heated by directing a small amount of coolant from the engine thermostat around a cham-
ber inside the case.
The oil vapour recirculation system PCV valve and throttle position sensor are also fitted on the butterfly
valve case.
The anti-bind screw is set by flushing in the factory and should never be tamperedwith.
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The solenoid fitted to the butterfly valve case
cuts off an air duct which siphons off air up-
.J:. stream of the throttle and returns it to the
q flow downstream. This ensures the engine
receives extra air when the throttle is closed
1.// under all conditions where this is necessary
(idling, over-run).
v-; The plunger of this proportional valve is inte-
gral with a metal core surrounded by an elec-
tric winding.
P3W38AJO1
Principle of operation
P3W39AJO1
FUELTANK
FUEL FILTER
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Fiat barchetta Engine
Fuel system
The motor is submerged in the fuel in order to clean and cool the brushes and commutator.
The pump is fitted with a pressure relief valve, which short-circuits delivery to intake if inlet circuit pres-
sure exceeds 5 bar. This prevents the electric motor overheating.
A check valve fitted in the delivery line prevents the entire fuel circuit emptying when the pump is not
working.
Rated pump output varies according to angular rotor speed and hence supply voltage: it is about 140 I/h
at a voltage of 12 V.
1. Electrical connectors
2. Delivery port
3. Inlet port
4. Pressure relief valve
5. Check valve
P3W41AJO1
ONE-WAY ANTI-
0In!I!!: ::rnc REFLUX VALVE
P3W41AJO2
FUEL MANIFOLD
The fuel manifold distributes fuel to the injectors. It is pressure cast in aluminium and incorporates hous-
ings for injectors and pressure regulator.
The fuel intake is secured with bolts with tapered seals.
Fuel recirculation is via a pipe inside the manifold and connected to one end of the regulator and the op-
posite-end of the outer fuel return line.
P3W42AJO1
This differential diaphragm device is set to a pressure of 3.00 :I: 0.05 bar in the factory.
Pressurised fuel from the pump exercises thrust on reflux valve (7) countered by calibrated spring (8).
When pressure setting is exceeded, reflux valve opens and excess fuel returns to the tank in order to sta-
bilise pressure in the circuit.
The vacuum in the intake manifold (acting also on injector nozzle) acts on regulator diaphragm through
intake (9) in order to reduce the load on the calibration spring.
The.pressure differential between the fuel and the injector's surroundings (intake manifold) is therefore
maintained constant under all engine service conditions.
The injector flow (for a given supply voltage) thus depends solely on injection time established by the
ECU.
NOTE The ECU assumes pressure as a fixed parameter. The regulator should never therefore be tam-
pered with: otherwise the mixture concentration specified for the engine will be altered.
INJECTORS
P3W43AJO3 P3W43AJ04
P3W44AJO2
After evenan apparentlylight collision, if a smell of petrol is noted or fuel leaksare seen,do not
activatethe switch again until the fault hasbeenfound and correctedin order to avoid the risk of
fire.
If no leaks are noted and the vehicle is able to start, press the button to re-activate the pump.
CATALYTIC CONVERTER
The catalytic converterallows the three main pollutant compounds in exhaustgasesto be removedsi-
multaneously:uncombusted hydrocarbons(HC), carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxides (NOx).
Two types of chemical reaction take place inside the catalytic converter
- oxidation of CO and HC to carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O);
- reduction of NOx to nitrogen (N2).
Thesereactionstake pl.acevery quickly due to the presenceof a layerof active substance(platinum and
rhodium) inside the structure (ceramic mount). This acceleratesthe conversion rate of harmful sub-
stancesenormously.
The efficiency of this conversionprocessis also affected by the fact that the engine fuel mixture fluctu-
atescontinually about a stoichiometric level.This is achievedby the ECU implementingfeedbackcon-
trol on the basis of signals from the lambda probe.
Becausethe conversionprocessesareactive at temperaturesin excessof 300 - 350°Cthe catalytic con-
verter must be able to reach this temperature as quickly as possible in order to work properly.
P3W45AJO1
1. Ceramic block
2. Metal support
3. Outer steel case
When working in the vicinity of the catalytic converter,leave the vehicle standing for a period
becausethe working temperatureinside the catalytic converteris from 500 to 850°C.
The interior of the catalytic converter can be destroyedby two main causes:
- presenceof lead in the fuel, which reducesconversionto practically negligible levels ("lead
poisoning") and also damagesthe lambdaprobe irreversibly:
- presenceof unburnt fuel in exhaustgas due to missedignitions. Thisbrings about such a big
temperatureincreasethat the ceramicmount melts. Thecoil connectorshould thereforenever
be disconnectedwhen the engineis running for any reason.Whentesting,replacethe exhaust
pipe with an equivalentlength of piping.
CoDvriahtFiat Auto 45
Engine Fiat barchetta
Fuel system
P3W46AJO1
Exhaust system with catalytic converter
1. CO intake 2. lambda probe 3. Catalytic converter
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The emission control system prevents fuel vapour (the lighter hydrocarbon fractions formed mainly in
the tank) from being released into the atmosphere.
The system consists of a tank, vapour separator, two float valves, one two-way ventilation valve, a car-
bon filter and a carbon filter flushing solenoid, controlled by an ECU. The plug contains a two-way pres-
sure relief valve.
Principle of operation
The system operates particularly with high outdoor temperatures when fuel temperature increase and
evaporation rate is higher. Pressure increases inside the tank under these circumstances.
Even when tank (1) is full, the two float valves (3) remain open because they are located higher than the
breather pipe and therefore allow fuel vapour to reach separator (2) under all circumstances to prevent
fuel escaping.
Fuel vapour reaches carbon filter (6) when pressure inside the tank brings about opening of ventilation
valve (8). This valve also allows air into the tank through the carbon filter if this proves necessary fol-
lowing a drop in fuel level.
When the engine is running, the ECU turns on the carbon filter flushing solenoid. This allows vapour to
be taken up by the engine in order to flush the carbon filter.
If pressure inside the tank rises to dangerous levels as a result of component malfunction, the pressure
relief valve located in plug (4) allows pressure to vent outside. If necessary, this valve may open in the
opposite direction to ventiiate the tank and prevent the vacuum reaching excessive levels.
P3W47AJO1
Float valve
The float valve allows vapour to flow out toward the separator without allowing liquid fuel to emerge.
This valve contains a float with ends designed to close off the valve outlet hole under the following con-
ditions:
- high acceleration laterally (vehicle cornering) or longitudinally (vehicle braking) and movement of
the fuel mass due to inertia forces;
- vehicle rolling over.
P3W48AJO1 P3W48AJO2
P3W48AJO4
Charcoal filter
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Fiat barchetta Engine
Fuel system
1.0.
Replacing the clip
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P3W46AJ11
The system controls the emissions from the crankcase of the vent gases, which consist of air mixtures,
fuel vapours and burnt gases which leak from the piston rings, and the lubricating oil vapours, drawing
them back into the engine where they are burnt.
The vent gases coming from the crankcase go back as far as the cylinder head, and are conveyed in two
different suction connections:
- with the throttle medium-wide open, the gases are drawn by the duct immediately downstream of the
air cleaner (detail A);
- with the throttle open only slightly (and in particular with the engine idling or overrunning), the gases
are drawn through the PCV (Positive Crank Ventilation) valve mounted on the throttle body down-
stream of the throttle (detail B).
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P3W50AJO1
TIGHTENING TORQUES
The main torque wrench settings for HITACHI injection-ignition system components are given below
(values in daNm).
Observe the following precautionswhen working on vehiclesequipped with a Hitachi MPI sys-
tem:
- neverstart the engine when the electricalterminalsarepoorly connectedor loose on the bat-
tery poles;
- never use a quick battery charger to start the engine;
- never disconnect the battery from the car circuit with the engine running;
- when charging the battery quickly, first disconnect the battery from the vehicle circuit;
- if the vehicleis placed in a drying oven afterpainting at a temperatureof more than 800 C, first
remove the engine managementECU;
- neverconnect or disconnectthe ECUmultiple connector with the ignition key in MARCIA po-
sition;
- always disconnect battery negative lead before carrying out electrical welding on vehicle.
Thememoryof this systemis supplied directly by the battery even with the ignition key out, and
containsall learnt self-adaptiveparameters.Becauseall this information would be lost if the bat-
tery were disconnectedand could only be re-learnt after a certainmileage,this operationshould
only be carried out when absolutely essential.
NOTE Before working on the fuel system,it is advisableto vent circuit pressureby disconnectingthe
pressureregulator vacuumintake pipe from the intake manifold and applying a slight vacuum.
FUEL FILTER
Removing-refitting
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52 V If.,96 .,SpP~rs~q~sprevtoY$ ver~; Publication no. 506.586/04
Fiat barchetta Engine
Fuel system
Removing-refitting
check 1
Testing fuel regulation pressure
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1-1 Test 2
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Checking maximum fuel feed pressure {or
pump efficiency}
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Fiat barchetta Engine
Fuel system
If pressure measured in test 1 (see previous page) exceeds 3 bars proceed as follows:
- disconnect fuel return pipe from pressure regulator and replace provisionally with a pipe designed to
allow fuel to return to the tank through the filler fitting.
- operate the fuel pump (with engine off as described on previous page), then take pressure reading off
pressure gauge:
1. if it reaches 3 bars replace the fuel return pipe to the tank because it is blocked or kinked;
2. if it exceeds 3 bars replace the pressure regulator because it is defective.
Test 3
Checking pneumatic section of pressure regulator
1
,,'; bilised (i.e. after dropping slightly). Other-
wise one or more fittings are leaking
P3W55AJO1
In this case, disconnect the injectors and fuel manifold from the inlet manifold while maintaining the
connection to the pressure gauge.
Repeat the previous test, leaving the cock open.
After supplying the pump with the engine off, look to see whether any of the injectors or connection
sections are dripping.
Replace any dripping injectors and/or repair the defective seal in the leaking joint.
Removing-refitting
P3W56AJO1
PRESSURE REGULATOR
Removing-refitting
When refitting, take care to fit regulator terminal (3) into return line (2) in fuel manifold.
Also check retaining ring tabs are properly secured.
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