After watching the video, you should be able to relate the effects of resonance structures to the

electrophilic substitution reactions. The substituent that is already attached to the ring has a
tremendous power to drive the incoming electrophiles to certain carbons in the benzene ring
(2,4,6-directors or 3,5-directors). Carbon Position 2 and 6 are the same in the hexagonal benzene
ring. Position 3 and 5 are also the same. This is the summary of the substituents with their directing
properties:

If you have an activator (EDG) and a deactivator (EWG) both in the ring, ‘Activators’ are always the
dominant directors for putting the incoming electrophiles in the ring.
 By using the information from the video and this list, solve the questions below:

1.
 +
2. Methylbenzene undergoes electrophilic substitution with nitronium ions, NO 2 .
Use the template mechanism for electrophilic substitution that I gave you last meeting,
Pay attention to the directing effect of the methyl substituent that will drive the incoming
+
NO2 to a certain position on the ring.