Chromatography Mobile Phase Stationary Phase Best Applications Advantages Disadvantages
1 PC Paper Chromatography Liquid: Liquid: To separate mixture Cheap Cellulose Water / alcohol Water moisture on ink Simple paper is easily cellulose solid support damaged Only works for simple mixture 2 TLC Thin Layer Chromatography Non-polar liquid: Solid: To separate mixture Can be used Sample must Liquids hydrocarbons, Al2O3/SiO2 drugs in with corrosive be Halogenoalkanes blood/urine/foods mixtures. concentrated enough to be seen as spots 3 GLC Gas Liquid Chromatography Inert gas: Liquid: To separate volatile Rapid Sample must He / H2 / N2 gas Silicon oil on silica gel mixtures (drugs in separation be volatile / solid support urine / pesticides ) Very small low B.p / quantity of thermally sample can be stable analyzed Cant separate Can be a good high B.p tandem mixture instrument (proteins, with mass amino acids, spectrometer carboxylic acid) and other thermally unstable compound such as carbohydrates . 4 HPLC High Performance Polar Liquid: Non-polar Liquid: To separate wider Rapid Can be used liquid Chromatography Water / alcohol Silicon oil on silica gel spectrum of mixtures separation to separate solid support such as Very small carbohydrates carbohydrates, amino quantity of and proteins. acids, proteins, sample can be carboxylic acids, analyzed impurities