CHEMISTRY BREAKDOWN OF TOPICS FOR EACH SEMESTER (LOWER SECONDARY ONLY)

EFFECTIVE JULY 2011

Gr 7

Semester one

1. Introduction to chem
The particulate nature of matter
 Chemical and physical changes
 Particles and states of matter
 More about properties of matter
 Measurements
 Properties of subtances
 Separating mixtrues
 Solution
Speed
Solubility
2. Acid and bases and salt
 Characteristics
 Acid and alkalis in common
 Reactions
 Acid rain
3. Air and water
 Water (heating and cooling), resources, pollution
 Air (atmosfer and uses)
 combustion
 fossil fuels – crude oil
 oil pollution – global warning

Semester two

1. metals
 properties and uses
 finding and extraction
 corrosion and rusting
2. types of reaction
 importance
 conversion of mass
 energy changes
 3. atomd elements and compounds
 elements and compounds
 structure of atoms
 the periodic table,
 arrangement chem symbols
 Group I, 7, 8
 Transition metals
 Valency
 Predicting, valencies
 Chemical equations

II. Grade 8

 Semester One
 The Foundations of Chemistry
- Recall the Grade 7 past lessons
 Atomic Structure
- Fundamental Particles (recall)
- Electron Configuration (spdf)
 The Periodic Table
- Development
- Group Properties
Metal Groups
Non Metal Groups
 Structure and Bonding
- Types of Bond
- Writing of Formulas
- Naming of Compounds
- Giant Molecules
- Alloys

 Semester Two
 Metals
- Structures and Properties of Metals (recall)
- Reactivity Series
- Extraction of Metals
Metals of Low Reactivity
Metals of Medium Reactivity
Extraction of Iron in the Blast Furnace
 Steel
- Electrolysis
Introductory Process
Half – Equations
Electrolysis of Molten Compounds
Extraction of Aluminium
 Rates and Energy
- Energy Changes
- Rates of Reaction
- Reversible Reaction
- The Haber Process

III. Grade 9 (Inorganic Chemistry)

 Semester One
 Acids, Bases and Salts
- Characteristics
- Oxides
- Preparation of Salts
Insoluble and Soluble Salts
- The Contact Process
- Ions and Gases
Qualitative Analysis (Practical)
 Stoichiometry

 Semester Two
 Electricity
- Electrolysis (recall)
- Electrolysis of Solutions
- Extracting Copper
- Redox Reactions
- Electrolysis of Brine
- Limestone and its Uses
 Chemical Energetics
- Endothermic and Exothermic Reactions
- Bond Energy
- Enthalpy
- Reversible Reactions
Le Chatelier’s Principle
- Products from Air
Haber Process
 Nitrogen
Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide
Sulfur
Harmful Gases
- Water
Purification
Hardwater
Desalination

Grade 9 (Organic Chemistry)

 Semester One
 Hydrocarbons
- Alkanes
- Alkenes
- Isomerism
- Chemical reactions of alkanes
- Chemical reaction of alkenes
 Alcohols
- Making of ethanol
- The reaction of ethanol
- Alcohol and health
 Semester Two
 Organic acids and esters
- Carboxylic acids
- Ethanoic acids as a weak acid
- Esterification
- Soap and detergent
 Petrochemicals and polymers
- Crude oil and other fossil fuels
- Polymerisation
- Biological polymers