09:42, 14/06/2022 Gasoline | Density, Melting Point, Thermal Conductivity

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Gasoline – Density – Melting Point – Thermal Conductivity

About Gasoline
Gasoline, or petrol is a clear petroleum-derived flammable liquid that is used primarily as a fuel in most spark-ignited internal combustion
engines. Currently, the main source of fuel for road vehicles is petroleum oil. Oil is a naturally occurring, fossil liquid comprising a complex
mixture of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights together with various other organic compounds. These components are separated
by fractional distillation in an oil refinery in order to produce gasoline, diesel fuel, kerosene and other products.

Summary
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Name Gasoline

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Phase at STP liquid

Density 755 kg/m3

Ultimate Tensile Strength N/A

report this ad Yield Strength N/A

Young’s Modulus of Elasticity N/A

Brinell Hardness N/A

Melting Point N/A

Thermal Conductivity 0.16 W/mK

Heat Capacity 2200 J/g K

Price 1.5 $/kg

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Density of Gasoline 

Typical densities of various substances are at atmospheric pressure. Density is defined as the mass per unit volume. It is an intensive
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property, which is mathematically defined as mass divided by volume:  ρ = m/V

In words, the density (ρ) of a substance is the total mass (m) of that substance divided by the total volume (V) occupied by that substance.
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The standard SI unit is kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m3). The Standard English unit is pounds mass per cubic foot (lbm/ft3).

Density of Gasoline is 755 kg/m3.

Example: Density

Calculate the height of a cube made of Gasoline, which weighs one metric ton.

Solution:

Density is defined as the mass per unit volume. It is mathematically defined as mass divided by volume: ρ = m/V

As the volume of a cube is the third power of its sides (V = a3), the height of this cube can be calculated:

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The height of this cube is then a = 1.098 m.

Density of Materials

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Thermal Properties of Gasoline
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Gasoline – Melting Point

Melting point of Gasoline is N/A.

Note that, these points are associated with the standard atmospheric pressure. In general, melting is a phase change of a substance
from the solid to the liquid phase. The melting point of a substance is the temperature at which this phase change occurs. The melting
point also defines a condition in which the solid and liquid can exist in equilibrium. For various chemical compounds and alloys, it is
difficult to define the melting point, since they are usually a mixture of various chemical elements.

Gasoline – Thermal Conductivity

Thermal conductivity of Gasoline is 0.16 W/(m·K).

The heat transfer characteristics of a solid material are measured by a property called the thermal conductivity, k (or λ), measured
in W/m.K. It is a measure of a substance’s ability to transfer heat through a material by conduction. Note that Fourier’s law applies for all
matter, regardless of its state (solid, liquid, or gas), therefore, it is also defined for liquids and gases.

The thermal conductivity of most liquids and solids varies with temperature. For vapors, it also depends upon pressure. In general:
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Most materials are very nearly homogeneous, therefore we can usually write k = k (T). Similar definitions are associated with thermal
conductivities in the y- and z-directions (ky, kz), but for an isotropic material the thermal conductivity is independent of the direction of
transfer, kx = ky = kz = k.

Gasoline – Specific Heat

Specific heat of Gasoline is 2200 J/g K.

Specific heat, or specific heat capacity, is a property related to internal energy that is very important in thermodynamics.
The intensive properties cv and cp are defined for pure, simple compressible substances as partial derivatives of the internal
energy u(T, v) and enthalpy h(T, p), respectively:

where the subscripts v and p denote the variables held fixed during differentiation. The properties cv and cp are referred to as specific 
heats (or heat capacities) because under certain special conditions they relate the temperature change of a system to the amount of
energy added by heat transfer. Their SI units are J/kg K or J/mol K.
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Example: Heat transfer calculation

Thermal conductivity is defined as the amount of heat (in watts) transferred through a square area of material of given thickness (in
metres) due to a difference in temperature. The lower the thermal conductivity of the material the greater the material’s ability to resist heat
transfer.

Calculate the rate of heat flux through a wall 3 m x 10 m in area (A = 30 m2). The wall is 15 cm thick (L1) and it is made of Gasoline with
the thermal conductivity of k1 = 0.16 W/m.K (poor thermal insulator). Assume that, the indoor and the outdoor temperatures are 22°C and
-8°C, and the convection heat transfer coefficients on the inner and the outer sides are h1 = 10 W/m2K and h2 = 30 W/m2K, respectively.
Note that, these convection coefficients strongly depend especially on ambient and interior conditions (wind, humidity, etc.).

Calculate the heat flux (heat loss) through this wall.

Solution:

As was written, many of the heat transfer processes involve composite systems and even involve a combination of
both conduction and convection. With these composite systems, it is often convenient to work with an overall heat transfer 
coefficient, known as a U-factor. The U-factor is defined by an expression analogous to Newton’s law of cooling:
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The overall heat transfer coefficient is related to the total thermal resistance and depends on the geometry of the problem.

Assuming one-dimensional heat transfer through the plane wall and disregarding radiation, the overall heat transfer coefficient can be
calculated as:

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The overall heat transfer coefficient is then: U = 1 / (1/10 + 0.15/0.16 + 1/30) = 0.93 W/m2K

The heat flux can be then calculated simply as: q = 0.93 [W/m2K] x 30 [K] = 28.02 W/m2

The total heat loss through this wall will be: qloss = q . A = 28.02 [W/m2] x 30 [m2] = 840.47 W

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Melting Point of Materials Thermal Conductivity of Materials Heat Capacity of Materials

Strength of Materials Elasticity of Materials Hardness of Materials

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 Material Properties

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09:42, 14/06/2022 Gasoline | Density, Melting Point, Thermal Conductivity

 Pine Wood – Density – Strength – Melting Point – Thermal Conductivity

 Diesel Fuel – Density – Melting Point – Thermal Conductivity

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