CLIENT-

CENTERED
THEORY
MODULE 4
Learning Outcome

CLIENT CENTERED NURSING THEORY

Differentiate philosophies, theories and conceptual models of Nursing
focusing on the client-centered theories according to the metaparadigm of
nursing.

Identify and discuss the significance of nursing theories to nursing

education, research and clinical practice.
Lesson 1

CLIENT- CENTERED THEORY

Florence Nightingale

Faye Abdellah

Virginia Henderson
FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE
“Environmental Theory”

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NURSING “the act of utilizing the environment

of the
patient to assist him in his recovery”.
5 environmental factors
-Fresh air
-Pure water
-Efficient drainage
-Sanitation/cleanliness
-Light and direct sunlight
 FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE

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Nightingale’s Nursing Theory

v The first published nursing theory (1860)
v Persons are in relation with the environment
v Stresses the healing properties of the physical environment
(fresh air, light, warmth, and cleanliness)
v Nursing puts patients in the “best conditions” for nature to act upon them
v Health is “the positive of which the pathology is the negative”
v “Nature alone cures”
 FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE

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Nightingale’s Nursing Theory

v The first published nursing theory (1860)
v Persons are in relation with the environment
v Stresses the healing properties of the physical environment
(fresh air, light, warmth, and cleanliness)
v Nursing puts patients in the “best conditions” for nature to act upon them
v Health is “the positive of which the pathology is the negative”
v “Nature alone cures”
 FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE

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Theory basis: the inter-relationship of a healthful environment with nursing External

influences and conditions can prevent, suppress, or contribute to disease or death

Theory goal: Nurses help patients retain their own vitality by meeting their basic needs
through control of the environment

Nursing’s Focus: control of the environment for individuals, families & the community
 FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE

Components of Nightingale’s
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Environmental Theory:
Health of Houses
Ventilation and Warming
Light
Noise
Variety
Bed and Bedding
Cleanliness of Rooms and Walls
Personal Cleanliness
Nutrition and Taking Food
Chattering Hopes and Advices
Observation of the Sick
Social Considerations
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PERSON
v Referred to by Nightingale as “the
patient”
v A human being acted upon by a
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nurse, or affected by the environment

v Has reparative powers to deal with

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disease
Nightingale’s Theory &
Nursing’s Metaparadigm v Recovery is in the patient’s power as
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long as a safe environment exists

 ENVIRONMENT
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vThe foundational component of

Nightingale’s theory
vThe external conditions &
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forces that affect one’s life and

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development
vIncludes everything from a
Nightingale’s Theory & person’s food to a nurse’s
Nursing’s Metaparadigm verbal & nonverbal interactions
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with the patient

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HEALTH
Ø Maintained by using a person’s
healing powers to their fullest extent
Ø Maintained by controlling the
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environmental factors so as to
prevent disease
Ø Disease is viewed as a reparative
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process instituted by nature

Nightingale’s Theory & Ø Health & disease are the focus of the
Nursing’s Metaparadigm Icon
nurse
Ø Nurses help patients through their
healing process
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NURSING
ØNursing education
belongs in the hands of
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nurses!
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Ø Nursing is a discipline distinct

Nightingale’s Theory & from medicine focusing on the
Nursing’s Metaparadigm patient’s reparative process
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rather than on their disease!!

CLIENT-CENTERED THEORY

THANK YOU!