Tangent & Normal Ex - 3

Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Application of Derivative
Exercise # 3 Tangent & Normal

Q.1 Find the equation of the straight line which is tangent at one point and normal at another point of the
curve, x = 3t2 , y = 2t3. [ REE 2000 (Mains) 5 out of 100 ]
Sol. The slope of the tangent at P(t) is -
dy dy dt
  t
dt dt dx
Let the tangent cuts the curve and normal at Q(t1), then the coordinates of the point is (3t12, 2t13)
(2 t13 – 2t 3 )
The slope of the line passing throught the points P & Q is t
(3t12  3t 2 )
On solving the above equation, we get
t
t1  
2
 3t 2 t 3 
 the coordinates of the Q   , 
 4 4
Slope of the normal at Q is -
dx 2

dy t
The equation of the straight line having slope t and passing throught Q is -
 t3   3t 2 
y    tx  
 4  4 
 tx – y = t3 ......(1)
2
The equation of the straight line having slope and passing throught Q is -
t
 t3  2  3t 2 
y    x  
 4 t 4 
2x 3t t 3
 y  ....(2)
t 2 4
Since equation (1) & (2) represent the same straight line, by comparing the corresponding coefficients,
we have
2
t
t
 t 2
By substituting the value of 't' in any of the above equations, we get
2xy 2 2
The equation of the required straight line is 2  x  y  2 2.
Get 10% Instant Discount On Unacademy Plus [Use Referral Code: MCSIR] 1
3
Q.2 If the normal to the curve , y = f (x) at the point (3, 4) makes an angle with the positive x–axis. Then
4
f  (3) =
3 4
(A) – 1 (B) – (C) (D) 1
4 3
[JEE 2000 (Scr.) 1 out of 35 ]
dy
Sol. Slope of tangent y = f(x) is = f(x)(3, 4)
dx
Therefore, slope of normal
1 1
=– 
f ' ( x )( 3, 4) f ' (3)
1  3 
But – = tan   (given)
f ' (3)  4 
1  
  tan    1
f ' (3) 2 4
Q.3 The point(s) on the curve y3 + 3x2 = 12y where the tangent is vertical, is(are)
 4   11   4 
(A)   ,  2 (B)   3 , 1 (C) (0, 0) (D)   , 2
 3     3 
[JEE 2002 (Scr.), 3]
Sol. Given, y3 + 3x2 = 12y
2 dy dy
 3y  6 x  12 ...(i)
dx dx
dy 6x
 
dx 12  3y 2
dx 12  3y 2
 
dy 6x
dx
For vertical tangent, 0
dy
 12 – 3y2 = 0  y = ± 2
4
On putting y = 2 in figure (i), we get x = ± and again putting y = – 2 in equation (i), we get
3
3x2 = – 16, no real soluton.
 4 
 The required point   ,2  .
 3 
Q.4 Tangent to the curve y = x2 + 6 at a point P (1, 7) touches the circle x2 + y2 + 16x + 12y + c = 0 at a point
Q. Then the coordinates of Q are
(A) (– 6, –11) (B) (–9, –13) (C) (– 10, – 15) (D) (–6, –7)
[JEE 2005 (Scr.), 3]
Sol. 2
The tangent at (1, 7) to the parabola x = y – 6 is
1
x(1) = (y + 7) – 6
2
(replacing x 2  xx1 and 2y  y + y1)

 2x = y + 7 – 12
 y = 2x + 5 ...(i)
Which is also tangent to the circle
x2 + y2 + 16x + 12y + c = 0
Q.5 The tangent to the curve y = ex drawn at the point (c, ec) intersects the line joining the points
(c – 1, ec – 1) and (c + 1, ec + 1)
(A) on the left of x = c (B) on the right of x = c
(C) at no point (D) at all points [JEE 2007, 3]
ec1  ec1
Sol. Slope of the line joining the points (c – 1, ec–1) and (c + 1, ec+1) is equal to  ec
2
y
B
A (c, ec)
x' x
O
y'
tangent to the curve y = ex will intersect the given line to the left of the line x = c.
x
Q. 6 The intercepts on x-axis made by tangents to the curve, y =  |t| dt, x  R, which are parallel to the line
0
y = 2x, are equal to [JEE Mains 2013]

(A) ± 4 (B) ± 1 (C) ± 2 (D) ± 3
x
Sol. Since ,y =  | t | dt, x  R
0
dy
therefore | x |
dx
dy
But from y = 2x, 2
dx
 | x | = 2  x= ± 2
2
Points y   | t | dt   2
0
 Equation of tangent is
y – 2 = 2(x – 2) or y + 2 = 2(x + 2)
 x-intercept = ± 1
Q. 7 The slope of the tangent to the curve (y – x5)2 = x(1 + x2)2 at the point (1, 3) is [JEE Adv. 2014]
5 2 2
Sol. y  x  
 x 1  x2 
 dy 
 
2 y  x 5    5x 4   (1  x 2 ) 2  2x(1  x 2 ).2 x
 dx 
At point (1, 3)
 dy  dy
2(3  1)   5   (1  1) 2  2(1  1).2  8
 dx  dx
Q. 8 The normal to the curve, x2 + 2xy – 3y2 = 0, at (1, 1) ; [JEE Mains 2015]
(A) meets the curve in the fourth quadrant
(B) does not meet the curve again
(C) meets the curve again in the second quadrant
(D) meets the curve again in the third quadrant
Sol. Meets the curve again in the fourth quadrant
x2 + 2xy – 3y2 = 0
This is the equation of a pair of straight lines.
(x – y) (x + 3y) = 0
2x + 2y + 2xy + 6yy = 0
 3y – xx + y = y
At (1, 1)
the slope of the tangent is y = 1.
The slope of the normal is –1.
Hence,
The normal has the equation : x + y = 2
We need to find its intersection with x + 3y = 0
On solving we get,
2 – y + 3y = 0  2y = – 2
y = – 1, x = 3
Hence, it meets it in the fourth quadrant.
 1  sin x    
Q. 9 Consider : f(x) = tan–1   , x   0,  . A normal to y = f(x) at x = also passes through
 1  sin x   2 6
the point [JEE Mains 2016]
 2     
(A) (0, 0) (B)  0,  (C)  , 0  (D)  , 0 
 3  6  4 
 1  sin x 
Sol. f (x)  tan 1  
 1  sin x 
 x x
2 
  
 sin  cos 
1   2 2 
 tan  2 
  x x 
 sin  cos 
  x 2 
 
 x
 1  tan 
 tan 1  2
x 
 1  tan 
 2
   x 
 tan 1  tan    
  4 2 
 
 y 
4 2
dy 1
 
dx 2
  
At  ,  
 6 4 12 
    
y      2  x  
 4 12   6
4 2
y   2x 
12 6
 
y   2x 
3 3
2
y  2x 
3
2 
This equation is satisfied only by the point  0, 
 3 
Q. 10 The normal to the curve y(x – 2)(x – 3) = x + 6 at the point where the curve intersects the y–axis passes
through the point : [JEE Mains 2017]
 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
(A)   ,   (B)  ,  (C)  ,   (D)  , 
 2 2 2 2  2 3  2 3
Sol. Given y(x – 2) (x – 3) = x + 6
x6
 y
(x  2)(x  3)
Taking derivative on both the sides w.r.t x we get
dy (x 2  5 x  6)(1)  (x  6)(2 x  5)
 
dx (x 2  5x  6)2
dy  x 2  12x  36
 
dx (x  2) 2 (x  3)2
At x = 0 we get y = 1
dy
  1 at x = 0, y = 1
dx
dy
Tangent at x = 0, y = 1 is 1
dx
1
Slope    1
tangent
Normal is given by
y – 1 = (– 1) x
y – 1 = – x ....(1)
1 1
Now, at  , 
2 2  
1 1
y 1  1     x
2 2
1 1
 Equation (1) satisfies at  , 
2 2  
Hence, normal passes through the point  1 , 1  .

 2 2
Q. 11 The radius of a circle, having minimum area, which touches the curve y = 4 – x2 and the lines, y = |x| is
(A) 2  2 1  (B) 2  2 1  (C) 4  

2 1 (D) 4  2 1 
[JEE Mains 2017]
Sol Let the centre be (0, k)
Now, we know the radius as r = 4 – k
Now the radius will be equal to the perpendicular distance from the lines.
k
4k 
2
4 2
 k
1 2
4
r
2 1
 r  4( 2  1)
Q. 12 If the curves y2 = 6x, 9x2 + by2 = 16 intersect each other at right angles, then the value of b is :
9 7
(A) (B) 6 (C) (D) 4 [JEE Mains 2018]
2 2
Sol. It is given that the curves y2 = 6x and 9x2 + by2 = 16 intersect at right angles.
Let the slope of y2 = 6x be m1
Also, let the slope of 9x2 + by2 = 16 be m2
Thus, we have m1m2 = – 1
Differentiating both the equations wrt x we get
dy
2y 6
dx
Or, ym1 = 3 .....(1)
dy
Also, 18x + 2by 0
dx
 9x
Or, m 2 
by
We know that m1m2 = – 1
3  9x
Thus, y  by  1
27x
 b
y2
Putting y 2  6x in the above equation we get

27x 9
b 
6x 2
Q.13 Let S be the set of all values of x for which the tangent to the curve y = f(x) = x3 – x2 – 2x at (x, y) is
parallel to the line segment joining the points (1, f(1)) and (–1, f(–1)), then S is equal to :
[JEE Mains 2019]
 1  1   1  1 
(A)  3 ,  1 (B)  3 ,  1 (C)  3 ,1 (D)  3 ,1
       
Sol. f(1) = 1 – 1 – 2 = – 2
f(– 1) = – 1 – 1 + 2 = 0
f (1)  f(1) 2  0
m   1
11 2
dy
 3x 2  2x  2
dx
3x2 – 2x – 2 = – 1
 3x2 – 2x – 1 = 0
 (x – 1) (3x + 1) = 0
1
 x = 1, – .
3
Q.14 If the tangent to the curve, y = x3 + ax – b at the point (1, –5) is perpendicular to the line,
– x + y + 4 = 0, then which one of the following points lies on the curve? [JEE Mains 2019]
(1) (–2, 2) (2) (2, – 2) (3) (2, –1) (4)(–2, 1)
Sol. 2
y = x + ax – b
(1, – 5) lies on the curve
 –5 = 1 + a – b  a – b = – 6.(i)
Also, y = 3x2 + a
y (1, – 5) = 3 + a (slope of tangent)
 this tangent is  to – x + y + 4 = 0
 (3 + a) (1) = – 1
 a = – 4.(ii)
By (i) and (ii) : a = – 4, b = 2
 y = x3 – 4x – 2
(2, – 2) lies on this curve.
Q.15 The tangent to the curve y = x2 – 5x + 5, parallel to the line 2y = 4x + 1, also passes through the point:
[JEE Mains 2019]
7 1 1   1  1 7
(A)  ,  (B)  , 7  (C)   , 7  (D)  , 
2 4 8   8  4 2
Sol. Curve : 2
y = x – 5x + 5
Line : 2y = 4x + 1
1
y  2x  (slope = 2)
2
As tangent parallel to line,
dy
 m  2x – 5 = m
dx
 2x – 5 = 2
7
 x  
2
2
7 7
 y     5   5
2 2
49 35 49  70  20
 y  5
4 2 4
 1 
 y 
 4 
 Tangent equation
 7  1
2 x     y  
 2  4
1
 2x – 7 = y +
4
29
 2x  y 
4
1
 x and y = (– 7) satisfy..
8
Q.16 The straight line x + 2y = 1 meets the coordinate axes at A and B. A circle is drawn through A, B and the
origin. Then the sum of perpendicular distances from A and B on the tangent to the circle at the origin
is: [JEE Mains 2019]
5 5
(A) (B) 2 5 (C) (D) 4 5
2 4
Sol. Equation of circle
1
 x  1 x   y  y  0
 2
x 2  x  y2  y  0
y
x 2  y2  x  0
2
Equation of tangent at (0,0)
1 1
00  x  0   y  0  0
2 4
y
x  0  2x  y  0
2
1
1
p1 : 2 
5 2 5
2 2
p2 : 
5 5
4 1 5
p1  p2  
2 5 2
2
Q.17 The tangent to the curve, y  xe x passing, through the point (1, e) also passes through the point :
[JEE Mains 2019]
4  5 
(A) (2, 3e) (B)  , 2e  (C)  , 2e  (D) (3, 6e)
3  3 
2
Sol. y  xe x
dy
dx
 2
1, e   x  e x  2x  e x
2
 1,e
 2  e  e  3e
T : y  e  3e  x  1
y  3ex  3e  e
y   3e  x  2e
Out of the options only option :A
4  4
 , 2e  lies on it as 2e  3e   2e  2e  2e
3  3
Q.18 If  denotes the acute angle between the curves, y = 10  x2 and y = 2 + x2 at a point of their intersection,
then tan  is equal to
[JEE Mains 2019]
4 8 7 8
(A) (B) (C) (D)
9 15 17 17
Sol. y  x 2  2, y  10  x 2
P.O.I.   2, 6 
 dy   dy 
   2x and    2x
 dx 1  dx 2
m 2  m1
tan  
1  m1m 2
4   4  8
tan   
1  4  4  15
Q.19 A 2 m ladder leans against a vertical wall. If the top of the ladder begins to slide down the wall at the rate
25 cm/sec., then the rate (in cm/sec.) at which the bottom of the ladder slides away from the wall on the
horizontal ground when the top of the ladder is 1m above the ground is:
[JEE Mains 2019]
25 25
(A) 25 3 (B) 25 (C) (D)
3 3
Sol. x 2  y2  4
Diff.w. r. t. t
dx dy
2x  2y 0
dt dt
At y  1; x  3
dx 25
then  cm / sec
dt 3
Q.20 A spherical iron ball of 10 cm radius is coated with a layer of ice of uniform thickness that melts at a rate
of 50 cm3/min. When the thickness of ice is 5 cm, then the rate (in cm/min.) at which of the thickness of
ice decreases, is : [JEE Main 2020]
5 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
6 54 36 18
Sol. Let thickness of ice be 'h'.
4
Vol. of ice = v 
3
 3
10  h   103 
dv 4 dh
dt

3
 2
3 10  h  
dt

dv
Given  50cm3 / min and h  5cm
dt
4 2 dh
 50 
3

3 10  5   dt
dh 50 1
  2
 cm / min
dt 4 15 18
Q.21 Let P(h,k) be a point on the curve y = x2 + 7x + 2, nearest to the line, y = 3x – 3. Then the equation of
the normal to the curve at P is: [JEE Main 2020]
(A) x + 3y – 62 = 0 (B) x – 3y – 11 = 0 (C) x – 3y + 22 = 0 (D) x + 3y + 26 = 0
Sol. x  3y  26  0
Let L be the common normal to parabola y  x 2  7x  2 and line y  3x  3

dy 
3
 dx  For P
 Slope of tangent of y  x 2  7x  2 at P  3
 2x  7  3  x  2  y  8
So P(–2, –8)
Normal at P : x  3y  C  0
 C  26 (P satisfies the line)
Normal : x  3y  26  0
 3
Q.22 If the tangent to the curve y = x + siny at a point (a,b) is parallel to the line joining  0,  and  1 , 2  ,
 2 2 
then: [JEE Main 2020]

(A) b  a (B) |a + b| = 1 (C) |b – a| = 1 (D) b = a
2
Sol. Slope of tangent to the curve y x sin y
3
2
at (a,b) is 2 1
1
0
2
dy 
 1
dx  x a
dy dy
 1  cos y  (from equation of curve)
dx dx
dy  dy 
  1  cos b  
dx  x a dx  x a
 cos b  0
 sin b  1
Now, from curve y = x + sin y
b  a  sin b
 b  a  sin b  1
Q.23 The equation of the normal to the curve y = (1 + x)2y + cos2 (sin–1 x) at x = 0 is:
[JEE Main 2020]
(A) y + 4x = 2 (B) 2y + x = 4 (C) x + 4y = 8 (D) y = 4x + 2
Sol. Given equation of curve
2y
y  1  x   cos 2  sin 1 x 
at x = 0
2y
y  1  0   cos 2  sin 10 
y  11
y2
So we have to find the normal at (0, 2)
Now, y  e
2 yln(1 x )

 cos 2 cos 1 1  x 2 
2
y  e2 y ln(1 x )   1 x2 
y  e 2 yln(1 x )  1  x 2  ...(1)
Now differentiate w.r.t. x
  1  
y '  e 2y ln 1 x   2y     ln 1  x  .2y '  2x
  1 x  
Put x = 0 & y = 2
  1  
y '  e 2 2 ln1  2  2    ln 1  0  .2y '  2  0
  1 0  
y '  e 0  4  0  0
y '  4  slope of tangent to the curve
1
So slope of normal to the curve   {m1m 2  1}
4
Hence equation of normal at (0,2) is
1
y2   x  0
4
 4y 8  x
 x  4y  8
Q.24 If the tangent to the curve, y = ex at a point (c, eC) and the normal to the parabola, y2 = 4x at the point
(1, 2) intersect at the same point on the x-axis, then the value of c is ____ [JEE Main 2020]
dy
Sol. y  ex   ex
dx
 dy 
m   ec
dx
  c,e 
c
 Tangent at  c, e c 
y  ec  ec  x  c 
it intersect x- axis
Put y  0  x  c 1 ....(1)
dy 2  dy 
Now y 2  4x      1
dx y  dx (1,2)
 Slope of normal = –1
Equation of normal y  2  1(x  1)
x  y  3 it intersect x- axis
Put y  0  x  3 ....(2)
Points are same
 x  c 1  3
 c4
Q.25 If the point P on the curve, 4x2 + 5y2 = 20 is farthest from the point Q(0, –4), then PQ2 is equal to:
[JEE Main 2020]
(A) 48 (B) 29 (C) 21 (D) 36
x 2 y2
Sol. Given ellipse is  1
5 4
Let point P is  5 cos , 2 sin  

2 2
 PQ   5cos 2   4  sin   2 
2
 PQ   cos 2   16sin   20
2
 PQ    sin 2   16 sin   21
2
 85   sin   8 
will be maximum when sin   1

2
  PQ  max
 85  49  36
4 y
Q.26 Which of the following points lies on the tangent to the curve x e  2 y  1  3 at the point (1,0)?
[JEE Main 2020]
(A) (2, 6) (B) (2, 2) (C) (–2, 6) (D) (–2,4)
Sol. x 4e y  2 y  1  3
d.w.r. to x
2y '
x 4e y y ' e y 4x 3  0
2 y 1
at P (1, 0)
y 'P  4  y 'P  0
 y 'P  2
Tangent at P(1, 0) is
y  0  2  x  1
2x  y  2
(–2, 6) lies on it
Q.27 If the tangent to the curve, y = f(x) = xloge x, (x > 0) at a point (c, f(c)) is parallel to the
line-segment joining the points (1,0) and (e,e), then c is equal to: [JEE Main 2020]
 1 
 1 
  e 1 1  
 e 1 
(A) e  1 e  (B) (C) (D) e
e e 1
e
Sol. Slope of AB 
e 1
dy
 1  log x
dx
slope at (c, f(x))
1
e
1  log c   e e 1
e 1
Q.28 If the surface area of a cube is increasing at a rate of 3.6 cm2/sec, retaining its shape; then the rate of
change of its volume (in cm3/sec), when the lenght of a side of the cube is 10cm, is :
[JEE Main 2020]
(A) 9 (B) 10 (C) 18 (D) 20
d da
Sol.
dt
 6a 2   3.6  12a
dt
 3.6
da
a  0.3
dt
dv d 3
 a 
dt dt
 da 
 3a  a 
 dt 
 3 10  0.3
=9

Tangent & Normal Ex - 3

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Tangent & Normal Ex - 3

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Application of Derivative

Exercise # 3 Tangent & Normal

Therefore, slope of normal

3x2 = – 16, no real soluton.

(replacing x 2  xx1 and 2y  y + y1)

y = 2x, are equal to [JEE Mains 2013]

the point [JEE Mains 2016]

Hence, normal passes through the point  1 , 1  .

(A) 2  2 1  (B) 2  2 1  (C) 4  

Putting y 2  6x in the above equation we get

Let L be the common normal to parabola y  x 2  7x  2 and line y  3x  3

y '  4  slope of tangent to the curve

Let point P is  5 cos , 2 sin  

will be maximum when sin   1

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