Quiz 1 Questions:

● Biodiversity is a variety of organisms that exist and reflects the response of species to
their environments.
● Between 15,000 and 18,000 new species are identified each year, with about half of
those being insects.
● The growing human population has led to increased competition between us and other
species.
● An ecosystem is the interactions between species and the environment.
● About 80% of medical drugs are derived from plants and microbes.
● You gain more energy from the food you consume by eating lower (plants) on the food
chain.
● The more biodiversity, the more stable, productive, and _____an ecosystem is.
● Four of the five previous mass extinctions were directly related to atmospheric carbon
dioxide.
● It is predicted that 20,000 (33%) of tropical plants in Africa could go extinct by 2050.
● We are currently in the Holocene geologic epoch.
● The climate of the Pleistocene was much colder and drier than today
● Early humans migrated into North America through the Bering Straits.
● Pleistocene animals might have evolved to be so large to cope with less food and colder
conditions.
● When the ice sheets melted, shifted, and retreated, that freed up much of the Earth’s
water.
● During the Pleistocene extinction event some animals like birds survived and thrived.
● Bringing back the mammoth might help stave off climate change because their trampling
is thought to prevent the release of carbon dioxide from the permafrost.
● It is believed that much of the Amazon reverted to savanna and montane forest after the
retreat of the glaciers.
● Permafrost contains vast amounts of carbon from dead plant life that is locked away by
the extremely cold temperatures.
● Science is a process using observation and experimentation by which we try to
understand the world.
● Early naturalists had trouble classifying organisms that were very similar in some
features but really different in others features.
● One observation that supports natural selection is that there is better (?) survival of
individuals based on differences in traits.
● The strength of natural selection depends on the amount of pressure by the environment
acting on organisms.
● How an animal's behavior and body helps it survive, or live, in its environment is called
adaptation.
● There are over 350,000 beetle species described.
● A butterfly that looks toxic but is not actually toxic is called a mimic.
● In response to climate change some animals are changing their ranges, sex ratios, and
tolerance to heat.
● Monarch butterfly migration has been delayed by up to six weeks due to higher
temperatures.
● Some migrating birds are laying their eggs earlier to match insect availability so their
young will have food.
 ● On average, birds and mammals adapt quicker to changing temperatures.
● Ecological niche describes the range of conditions from resources to competitors that a
species can tolerate.
● Indigenous people tend to regard animals as spirit beings, who can be appealed to for
help and protection.
● Paleolithic (hunter-gatherer) obtained food directly from “natural” ecosystems by hunting
wild animals and collecting wild plants.
● In some indigenous groups property is usually held by clans rather than individuals.
● Fire (swidden?) is a farming technique that clears forests and fertilizes soil.
● The preservation of traditional forms of farming knowledge and practices help maintain
biodiversity, enhance food security, and protect the world’s natural resources.
● TEK is not just a system of knowledge and practice; it is an integrated system of
knowledge, practice, and beliefs.
● A traditional method to grow crops on difficult landscapes is called terracing.
● Biocultural diversity links biological and cultural systems.
● The U.S. Supreme Court, however, has consistently upheld the off-reservation hunting
and fishing rights of indigenous people.
● Indigenous people continue to have assets such as their land, cultural resources, and
genetic sequences of crops stolen.
● ___ is most painful when your reality is so close to your perceived desire and it does not
align.
● Primary emotions are shared across organisms and can be mixed to form more complex
ones like grief, nostalgia, and humility.
● Re-appraisal, or cognitively redefining the emotion to something more positive, is
associated with greater resilience, social ties, and self-esteem.
● Cultural transmission through stories, songs, and visual art helps humans learn about
emotional responses without ever experiencing the situation personally.
● Strong primary emotions help us remember a landscape and orient ourselves to home.
● Each society and individual has a suite of nature ethics, the right and the wrong ways to
interact with nature.
● The manifest destiny is the most influential ideology in our nation’s history.
● Preservation believes that decisions should be made that benefits all ecosystems and
species therein.
● Conservation believes that decisions should be made that protect environments and
provide services and products to humans.
● Moving from an anthropocentric to ecocentric worldview will take both cognitive and
emotional changes in humans.

Documentary Questions: Tending the Wild

1) The array of ecosystems in California make it a global ____ for biodiversity.
2) Traditional ecological knowledge integrates humans into the natural world.
3) Many landscapes need fire to promote new growth and development.
4) Seeing through the basket is a metaphor for seeing through the _____.
5) ____ ecosystem science confirms traditional ecological knowledge about water levels
and storage.
6) The Yurok fought for and won restoration of their fishing rights in the 1976 Supreme
Court case.
7) Food is one of the most ____ ways humans can relate to the environment.
8) Hot soapstone and water is a traditional method for roasting acorns.
9) The Spanish forced indigenous people to adopt Christianity and an agricultural
economy.
10) 1,000 pounds of acorns can sustain one individual for a year.