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NORMAL MOTOR DEVELOPMENT

MOVEMENT DEVELOPMENT PADA SEQUENCES
ANAK BERKEBUTUHAN KHUSUS • Basic normal motor sequences starts from
(From reflexes – functional movement) primitive reflexes, transitional phases. and
mature or functional phases of development.
• Apply specific aspects of developmental
sequences to understanding of abnormal
motor development.
• Identify and analyze of abnormal motor
development easier to provide appropriate
Oleh: and efficient treatment.
Yohanes Purwanto

ORAL PRIMITIVE REFLEXES

ORAL MOTOR DEVELOPMENT
Primitive Transitional Functional
Reflex Movement Movement
Rooting Reflex Transitional rooting Functional searching

Suckling Sucking Diagonal sucking

Tongue Reflex Lateral tongue Diagonal tongue

movement movement
Bite Reflex Munching Diagonal chewing

Swallowing Reflex Transitional swallowing Functional swallowing

HAND MOVEMENT DEVELOPMENT HAND PRIMITIVE REFLEXES

Primitive Transitional Functional
Reflex Movement Movement
Primary grasp reflex Crude palmar grasp, Hand grasping, pinching,

Primary release reflex Crude hand release Hand release

Traction magnet reflex Hand racking Hand pulling

Arm protective reflex Transitional arm protective Functional arm support

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POSTURAL REFLEX DEVELOPMENT POSTURAL REFLEXES DEVELOPEMNT

• Optical Righting Reaction; VOR
• Head Righting Reaction; VCR
• Body Righting Reaction in
Sitting; VSR
• Arm Protective Reaction
• Body Righting Reaction in
Kneeling; VSR
• Body Righting Reaction in
Standing; VSR
• Foot stepping reaction

GROSS MOTOR DEVELOPMENT

HEAD CONTROL DEVELOPMENT IN SUPINE
Primitive Transitional Functional
Reflex Movement Movement
Head righting Partial head control Head control

Primary turning Extended rolling, log rolling Segmental rolling

Primary sitting Pull to sit, supported sitting Dynamic sitting

Primary Crawling (Bauer Pivoting, crawling Creeping

reflex)

Primary standing (Positive Pull to stand, supported Functional standing

supporing) standing Physiological Chin tucked
Head lateral
flexion midline
Primary walking (stepping Supported walking Functional walking
reflex)

HEAD CONTROL DEVELOPMENT IN PRONE ROLLING DEVELOPMENT

Physiological Head tilting

Head lateral
flexion midline ATNR
Primary turning
Optical Righting

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ROLLING TRANSITIONAL PHASE FUNCTIONAL ROLLING

Extended rolling Rolling to prone Flexed rolling

SITTING PRIMITIVE PHASE SITTING TRANSITIONAL PHASE

Primary sitting

Head align Pull to sit Feet to mouth

(High guard synergist
stability)
Tonic labirinthine

FUNCTIONAL SITTING CRAWLING PRIMITIVE PHASE

Tonic labirinthine
Primary crawling
(Bauer reflex)
Supported Sitting Automatic
sitting sitting
STNR

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CRAWLING TRANSITIONAL PHASE FUNCTIONAL CRAWLING

Landau reaction Hand feet support

Bilateral crawling
Elbow support
Creeping

Hand support Reciprocal crawling

Pivoting

STANDING & WALKING PRIMITIVE PHASE STANDING & WALKING

TRANSITIONAL PHASE

Primary standing Primary walking Supported Supported

standing walking

FUNCTIONAL STANDING & WALKING ASSESSMENT OF PRIMITIVE REFLEXES

• Absent responses
– No nerve system activity
• Weakness responses
– Weakness of nerve system activity
• Asymmetric responses
– Asymmetric of nerve system activity
• Normal responses
– Normal of nerve system activity
• Dominant responses
– Lack of nerve system control
• Retention responses
– Delayed maturation of nerve system
Kneeling activity
Supported Walking
walking Squatting

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MOTOR DELAYED DEVELOPMENT CEREBRAL PALSY SIGNS IN BABIES

IN BABIES

Cramped-synchronized movement Poor repertoire movement

POSTURAL PROBLEMS
ASD SIGNS IN BABIES
IN CEREBRAL PALSY

MOVEMENT PROBLEMS
ADHD SIGNS IN BABIES
IN ASD & ADHD

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QUESTIONS & DISCUSSION