Senior High School

NOT

Earth Science
Quarter 1 - Module 5
Earth’s Energy and Water Resources

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Earth Science - Grade 12
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 - Module 5: Earth’s Energy and Water Resources
First Edition, 2020

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 Senior High School

Earth Science
Quarter 1 - Module 5
Earth’s Energy and Water Resources

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed by educators from
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Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

This page is intentionally blank
 Table of Contents

What This Module is About..........................................................................................................i

What I Need to Know...................................................................................................................i
How to Learn from this Module...................................................................................................ii
Icons of this Module....................................................................................................................ii

What I Know..............................................................................................................................iii

Lesson 1:
Geothermal and Hydroelectric Energy...................................... 1
What I Need to Know.............................................................................................................1
What’s New: Crossword Puzzle Energizer................................................... 2
What Is It................................................................................................................................3
What’s More: Exploring Geothermal Power Plant........................................ 5
What Is It: How Geothermal Power Plant Works......................................... 6
What’s More: Geothermal Power Plants in the Philippines.......................... 7
What’s New: Exploring Hydrothermal Power Plants.................................... 8
What Is It: How hydroelectric Power Plant Works........................................ 9
What’s More: Hydrothermal Power Plants in the Philippines....................... 9
What I Have Learned: Summarizing and Synthesizing your Knowledge......10
What I Can Do: (Example: Online Browsing of Satirical Sites...................... 11

Lesson 2:
Earth’s Water Resources................................................................... 12
What’s In................................................................................................................................12
What I Need to Know................................................................................... 12
What’s New: Water is Life!.......................................................................... 13
What Is It: Uses and Importance of Water................................................... 14
What’s More: Text Twist!............................................................................. 14
What Is It: Several Water Resources in the Planet...................................... 15
What’s More: It’s Time to become Environmentalist........................................ 15
What’s New: Fresh! Fresh Water!............................................................... 17
What Is It: Freshwater Supply..................................................................... 18
What’s More: The Cycle of Water....................................................................... 19
What I Have Learned: Summarizing and Synthesizing your Knowledge.....20
What I Can Do: I am a Water Warrior.......................................................... 21
Summary...........................................................................................................................................................23
Assessment: (Post-Test)...................................................................................................................................24
Key to Answers................................................................................................................................................26
References........................................................................................................................................................30
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 Module 5
Earth’s Energy and Water Resources

What This Module is About

Earth’s abundance of natural resources enable humans to strive, survive and live. It
supplies basic commodities for humans. It even aids for the advancement of society gearing
towards innovation and technology for a comfortable living. The wide range of Earth’s
resources makes all these things possible and still steering towards development.

This module is equipped with concepts and activities that will drive the learners in
understanding how various resources are tapped for human use. The content of this
module focuses on two types of energy resources: geothermal and hydroelectric energy.
You will explore where these energies come from and how they are tapped for human use. It
also aims to give understanding on the advantages and disadvantages of using this kind of
energy resources.
Another Earth resource to be tackled in this module is Water Resources. Here, you
will identify various water resources and demonstrate understanding of the amount of usable
water resources on Earth.

The following lessons are in this module:

 Lesson 1: Geothermal and Hydroelectric Energy;
 Lesson 2: Earth’s Water Resources.

What I Need to Know

At the end of this module, you should be able to:

1. Explain how heat from inside the Earth(geothermal) and from flowing
water(hydroelectric) is tapped as a source of energy (S11ES-Ie-11); and

2. Identify the various water resources on Earth (S11ES-If-g-15)

i
How to Learn from this Module
To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:
• Take your time reading the lessons carefully.
• Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises diligently.
• Answer all the given tests and exercises.

Icons of this Module

What I Need to This part contains learning objectives that
Know are set for you to learn as you go along the
module.

What I know This is an assessment as to your level of

knowledge to the subject matter at hand,
meant specifically to gauge prior related
knowledge
What’s In This part connects previous lesson with that
of the current one.

What’s New An introduction of the new lesson through

various activities, before it will be presented
to you

What is It These are discussions of the activities as a

way to deepen your discovery and under-
standing of the concept.

What’s More These are follow-up activities that are in-

tended for you to practice further in order to
master the competencies.

What I Have Activities designed to process what you

Learned have learned from the lesson

What I can do These are tasks that are designed to show-

case your skills and knowledge gained, and
applied into real-life concerns and situations.
 What I Know

Multiple Choice. Select the letter of the best answer from among the given choices.

1. Which of the following energy comes from the heat within the earth?
A. Hydroelectric B. Solar
C. Geothermal D. Nuclear

2. Which of the following is a nonrenewable source of energy?

A. Solar B. Nuclear
C. Geothermal D. Hydroelectric

3. Which of the following power plants uses water to generate electricity?

A. Calaca Thermal Plant B. Tiwi Plant
C. Agus 1 D. Bataan Plant

4. This uses heat just beneath the earth’s surface in order to heat water or provide heat
for buildings.
A. Geothermal Power Plant B. Geothermal Heat Pump
C. Solar Panel D. Nuclear Power Plant

5. Identify the transformation of energy in a hydroelectric power plant.

A. Kinetic Mechanical Potential Electrical
B. Mechanical Kinetic Potential Electrical
C. Potential Kinetic Mechanical Electrical
D. Potential Mechanical Kinetic Electrical

6. When liquid water is heated and turns into vapor, this process is called .
A. Water Cycle B. Condensation
C. Evaporation D. Precipitation

7. In which process in the water cycle do clouds form?

A. Evaporation B. Condensation
C. Cloud forming D. Precipitation

8. Where is most of the earth’s freshwater found?

A. Ocean B. Underground aquifers
C. Lake D. Glaciers

9. Almost 70% of water supply on Earth is .

A. Freshwater B. Spring water
C. Saltwater D. Mineral water

10. Earth’s freshwater supply is mostly used for?

A. Drinking B. Agricultural purposes
C. Bathing D. manufacturing purposes
 11. You visit a river in your community and find out that there are dead plants and
fish in the water. What could be the possible cause of the massive deaths of
plants and fish?
A. Litter B. Oil spill
C. Pollution D. All of the above

12. Why do we need to conserve water?

A. It is renewable resource B. It is limited
C. It is a non-renewable resource D. It is unlimited

For items 13 – 17. Arrange in chronological order the process involved in geothermal
power plants. Write letters A-E in the space provided before each number that shows the
correct order.

13. As water rises to the surface, the water turns into steam due to the drop of
pressure.
14. The steam condenses back to water as it cools off in a cooling tower.
15. Hot water is pumped from deep beneath the Earth’s surface through a well.
16. The steam spins a turbine which is connected to a generator that produces
electricity.
17. The cooled water is pumped back into the Earth in an injection well.

For numbers 18 -20. Enumerate ways to preserve and conserve water.

This page is intentionally blank
 Lesson Geothermal and Hydroelectric
1 Energy

What I Need to Know

Earth, to be the only inhabited planet, holds various natural resources for its
inhabitants to survive and thrive. In order to sustain human needs, economic and industrial
development and technological advancement, earth’s materials have been extracted and
tapped.

Figure1. Energy Resources

What are some appliances found in your home? What is needed for them to work?
Why do you need to charge your gadgets? What is needed for it to work? Yes! They all need
electricity. One most important facet of these natural resources is the opportunity of giving a
source of energy used to generate electricity. Is there a power plant near your community?
Do you know the source of energy used in your community in generating electricity?
In this lesson, you will discover some important sources of energy and how this are
tapped in power plants to produce electricity.
At the end of this lesson, you are expected to explain how heat from inside the Earth
(geothermal) and from flowing water (hydroelectric) is tapped as a source of energy for
human use. (Earth Science MELC 8)

1
Lesson objectives

At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:

define geothermal and hydroelectric energy;
identify some geothermal and hydroelectric power plants in the Philippines
describe the process involved in geothermal and hydroelectric power plants; and
determine advantages and disadvantages of using geothermal and hydroelectric energy.

What’s New

Activity 1: Crossword Puzzle Energizer

Direction: Be energized! Complete this crossword puzzle as fast as you can. Read
the description given in the clue section below carefully so you could be able to arrange
correctly the scrambled word/s after each description. Once you have deciphered the code,
write it down on the puzzle table.
 Horizontal Vertical

A source of energy from flowing water.
(CHEDLETRIRCOY)
Generated in power plants when energy sources are
tapped. (RTELCTIIYCE)
Bodies of water that flow downward. Also called
cascade. (LWASTREFLA)
From the Greek word “therme”. (THEA)
The capacity of doing work. (GENREY)
From the Greek work “geo”. (TEARH)
A source of energy from the heat within the earth.
(GERTHEAOML)

What Is It

What does the photo below tells you? Yes! Energy Resources. These are any
source or supply that can be used to generate electricity. Above are just examples of energy
resources. Can you name one?

Figure2. Different Types of Energy Resources

There are two types of energy resources, renewable and non-renewable.

Renewable energy resources are natural sources of energy that can be replenished over
time, thus it does not deplete. It is often called clean energy. Those energy resources that
deplete and will not be replenished are called non-renewable energy resources. Can you
identify examples of renewable energy resources? How about non-renewable?
 Various Earth’s resources can be tapped and used as a source of energy. Table 1
below shows several energy sources that are used in power plants to produce electricity in
the Philippines. Electricity powers our gadgets and appliances at home, machines and
equipment in industries. Almost all technologies are powered by electricity, even the
economy.
Imagine a world without a source of energy and electricity, what will happen to the
economy?

Table1. Sample Energy Sources and Power Plants Present in the Philippines
Name Type of Power Plant Source
Calaca Thermal Plant Thermal Coal
Bohol Diesel Plant Diesel - Power Fossil Fuel
Tiwi Plant Geothermal Earth’s Interior
Agus 1 Hydroelectric Water
Bataan Plant Nuclear Nuclear Fuel

Add-on Task: Research on the location and region following power plants. Also, determine if it is
still operational or not today.

In this lesson, we will focus on two energy resources namely Geothermal Energy and
Hydroelectric Energy. Geothermal Energy, this comes from the Greek word “geo” means
earth and “therme” means heat. To define simply, geothermal energy is energy from the
heat within the earth.
In your previous grade level,
you have learned the structure of the
earth. Earth is made up of four layers
namely: crust, mantle, outer core
and inner core. As you go
below the surface of the earth, the
temperature rises. This is because
the earth’s core is very hot. The outer
core is semi-liquid while the inner is
solid. The core is made up mostly of
minerals mostly Iron (Fe) and Nickel
(Ni).
Figure3. Structure of the Earth

Due to the hotness of the core, materials in the mantle near the core are molten
which results in the formation of magma. Magma can push through holes and cracks in the
crust that could result in volcanic eruptions and hot springs.

This is the reason why mostly of the geothermal power plants are located near these
areas.
Look at the next picture. What did you see? Yes! A waterfall. Can this be a source of
energy? Let’s find out.
 How can water be a source of energy?
This is the wonder of Hydroelectric Energy.
Hydroelectric Energy. From the Greek
word “hydro” meaning water. Hydroelectric
Energy is an energy due to the flow of water.

In your previous grade level, you have

encountered Kinetic Energy. This is the
energy in motion or moving objects. Since
water can flow, it possesses kinetic energy.
Much kinetic energy is present in waters that
move and flow rapidly just like waterfalls. The
kinetic energy possessed by the movement of
the water is used to convert this energy to
electricity.
We will dig deeper on the process of
harvesting geothermal and hydroelectric energy
in power plants to generate electricity for
human use. Stay tuned for our next activities.
Figure4. Waterfall

What’s More

Activity 2: Exploring Geothermal Power Plant

Direction: The picture below shows the process of how geothermal energy is
harvested to generate electricity in a geothermal power plant. Study and analyse the
flowchart. Redraw the given flowchart and write the description of each process beside each
number. Refer to the scrambled process board given below the flowchart.

Figure5. Geothermal Power Plant

5
 SCRAMBLED PROCESS BOARD

The steam The cooled water As water rises to

condenses is pumped back the surface, the
back to water into the Earth in water turns into
as it cools off in an injection well. steam due to the
a cooling tower. drop of
pressure.

The steam spins a Hot water is

turbine which is pumped from deep
connected to a beneath the
generator that Earth’s surface
produces through a well.
electricity.

What Is It

The Earth’s interior is said to be hot. The heat that comes from the Earth’s core can
melt the materials in the mantle resulting to magma. This magma warms up water which is
trapped in rock formation beneath the surface of the Earth. This becomes steam that powers
the generation of electricity in geothermal power plants.

Geothermal energy can be

generated either through geothermal
power plants or geothermal heat
pumps. The two differ in the depth of
the heat source to produce energy.
Geothermal power plants use the
heat from deep within the Earth’s
surface to produce steam to generate
electricity. On the other hand,
geothermal heat pumps use heat
just beneath the earth’s surface in
order to heat water or provide heat for
buildings.

Figure6. Geothermal Heat Pump

Activity 2 is a flowchart that shows how a geothermal power plant works. Geothermal
power plants are built in an area where it is particularly hot just below the surface such as
those near a group of hot springs, geysers, or volcanic activity.

6
Geothermal power plant, how does it work?

In geothermal power plants, wells are drilled for about 1 to 2 miles deep beneath the
Earth’s surface to pump steam or hot water to the surface. As the hot water rises towards
the surface, the pressure drops causing the hot water to turn into steam. The kinetic energy
of the steam powers the turbine to spin. This converts kinetic energy (steam) to mechanical
energy (turbine). The turbine is connected to a generator that converts mechanical energy to
electricity. The electricity that is produced in the generator will flow to step up transformers
raising the voltage so it can travel long distances. The electricity will then flow to pole
transformers to power lines until it reaches your home.
The steam that is used to spin the turbine will undergo cooling in the cooling tower to
condense the steam back to water. The water will be injected back to the Earth’s surface in
an injection well. The process continues to sustain the supply of electricity.

What’s More

Activity 3: Geothermal Power Plants in the Philippines

Direction: Table below are some fully-operating geothermal power plants in the
Philippines. Finish the table by supplying its capacity, location, and region. Also enumerate
five advantages and disadvantages of geothermal energy / power plants. The first column is
filled with information for your guidance. Make some web research to do this activity.

Table 2. Some Fully- Operational Geothermal Power Plants in the Philippines

Station Capacity Location Region Advantages Disadvantages

(MW)
Mahanagdong
Geothermal Power
Station
Makiling-Banahaw (Mak-
Ban) Geothermal Power
Plant
Tiwi Geothermal Power
Plant
Northern Negros
Geothermal Power Plant
Bacon-Manito (BacMan)
Geothermal Power Plant
Mindanao Geothermal
Power Plant
For more information on geothermal energy, visit the following link:
 What’s New

Activity 4: Exploring Hydrothermal Power Plant

Direction: Below is a picture of a hydroelectric power plant labelled with its parts.
Explore the power plant for you to be able to identify the function of each part. To
accomplish your task, you need to connect column A to column B.

Figure6. Hydroelectric Power Plant

Parts Function

A. Reservoir  Blades are turned due to the force of water. Converts

Kinetic Energy to Mechanical Energy.
B. Dam  Carries water to the turbine.
C. Intake  Collects water and directs it to the penstock.
D. Control Gate  Transmit electricity to homes and other establishments.
E. Penstock  Converts mechanical energy from the turbine to
electricity.
F. Turbine  Stores water.
G. Generator  Raises the water level creating a drop of water.
H. Transformer  A structure that protects the hydraulic and electrical
equipment.
I. Power House  Directs used water to go back to the river.
J. Power Lines  Takes the AC and steps up to a higher voltage to
ensure electricity can travel a longer distance.
K. Outflow  Controls the flow of water to the penstock.
 What Is It

Hydroelectric power plants use the energy of a falling or a moving water to generate
electricity.

Hydroelectric power plants, how does it work?

A dam raises the level of a source of water to create a drop of water. It also controls
the storing of water in a reservoir. The higher the level of the water, the greater the
potential energy. As the water flows or drops down, the potential energy is converted to
kinetic energy. This kinetic energy in water powers the blade of the turbine to spin,
converting kinetic energy to mechanical energy. The turbine is connected to a generator
which converts mechanical energy to electrical energy. The electricity generated in the
generator is in AC. Transformer will then take the AC and increase its voltage (step-up) to
ensure that the electricity can flow to longer distances to your homes. High voltage electricity
transmitted by the transformer will step down in power lines sufficient enough to supply the
needed voltage in a community. It will continue to step-down until it reaches your homes and
other business establishments.

What’s More

Activity 5: Hydrothermal Power Plants in the Philippines

Direction: Table below are some fully-operating hydroelectric power plants in the
Philippines specifically located in Mindanao. Finish the table by supplying its capacity,
location, and region. Also enumerate five advantages and disadvantages of hydroelectric
energy / power plants. The first column is filled with information for your guidance. Make
some web research to accomplish this activity.

Table3. Some Fully-operational Hydroelectric Power plant in the Philippines

Station Capacity Location Region Advantages Disadvantages
(MW)
Agus 1 Hydroelectric
Power Plant
Agus 2 Hydroelectric
Power Plant
Agus 4 Hydroelectric
Power Plant
Agus 5 Hydroelectric
Power Plant
Agus 6 Hydroelectric
Power Plant
Pulangi Hydroelectric
Power Plant
For more information on hydroelectric energy, visit the following link:

What I Have Learned

Activity 6: Summarizing and Synthesizing your Knowledge

1. Make a flowchart to show how heat from within the earth is tapped as a source
of energy for human use.

2. Show the transformation of energy in a geothermal power plant.

Heat

3. Make a flowchart to show how flowing water is tapped as a source of energy for
human use.

4. Show the transformation of energy in a hydroelectric power plant.

Potential Energy

5. Debate with yourself. Are geothermal and hydroelectric energy good as a source
of energy? Why? Or Why not?
 What I Can Do

Performance Task: Diorama Making

Direction: Design and build a simple diorama that shows the processes involved in a
geothermal or hydroelectric power plant. Your diorama should showcase the different parts
of geothermal or hydroelectric power plants by putting labels for each. Use recycled
materials or those materials that can easily be found in your home or community. Pay
attention to details and make your representations drawn to scale. You may try to look on the
web as your reference to give you more idea on what you will do. Always stick to the rubrics
given below.

RUBRIC
Category 4 3 2 1 Score
The project’s The project’s The project’s The project’s
Appearance appearance is appearance is appearance is appearance is
of professional and quite professional somewhat poor quite
the Project polished without and with poor. Many
(15%) distractive polished without some distractive
elements. distractive distractive elements.
elements. elements.
The project The project content The project The project content
content is is good and content is fair/poor is poor and
Content Facts exemplary and suggests the and suggests the suggests the
(20%) suggests the student has student has not student has done
student has discovered most of discovered most sufficient research.
discovered the the important facts of the important
important ideas of of his/her topic. facts.
his/her topic.
All images or All images or Some images or Too few images or
models models are models are models are used to
Images & are effective. effective, but there effective. be
Models appear to be too an effective
(15%) few or too many. presentation.
Display is Display is Some parts of the Display is
interesting interesting display are uninteresting, not
and attractive. and attractive. interesting, not tidy. Materials are
Materials are Materials are tidy. Some incomplete and not
complete and complete and well materials are organized.
Style & organized to organized. complete and Presentation has
Organization present Presentation has organized. no
(10%) the ideas well. sequence and plan Presentation has sequence or plan
evident. some sequence evident.
and the plan is
evident.
Project is Good creative Some attempt Little attempt to
excellently effort. Project is made to add add
presented neat and shows color and color or originality.
Creativity & reflecting evidence of time originality. Project has sloppy
Appearance creativity and a lot spent on it. Project is neat. appearance.
(10%) of thought.

The diorama The diorama The diorama The diorama

demonstrates a demonstrates good demonstrates demonstrates very
thorough knowledge of the some knowledge little knowledge of
Knowledge knowledge subject of the subject the
(30%) of the subject investigated. investigated. subject
investigated. investigated.

Total Score
Adapted from: Liza Alvarez, et al. Science 9 Learner’s Module (Philippines: Department of Education, 2017), 383
 Lesson Earth’s Water Resources
2
What’s In

In lesson 1, you have learned the bounty of the earth in terms of energy resources.
You discovered how fossil fuels, geothermal and hydroelectric energy are tapped and used
to power things. You also learned the importance of these energy resources to humans and
society. Nevertheless, you also learned the disadvantages of using these resources and how
it affects directly or indirectly the environment.
In this next topic, we will discuss other essential resources our planet earth could
offer: Water Resources. It is one feature that is unique to other planets. Water is vital for
humans to live and survive. Try imagining the world without water. Can you picture out?

What I Need to Know

We say “Water is life!”. Imagine a world without water, could there be life? Indeed
water is essential to life.

Figure1. Photo of a Sea

 One unique feature of our planet is that 71
percent of its surface is covered with water. Hence,
earth is also called “the blue planet”. Try to look at the
image of the earth on the right. How will you describe
the planet earth as seen in outer space?
Be hydrated as we enter the water world in this
lesson. You will dive in different sources of water, and
learn how much and where we can find freshwater
sources for our daily use. You will also learn the
different uses and importance of water and in the end
present some possible ways to conserve and preserve
water resources.
Figure2. Earth as Blue Planet

At the end of this lesson, you are expected to identify various water resources on
Earth. (Earth Science MELC 9)

Lesson objectives
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
cite uses and importance of water in your daily life;
enumerate various water resources found on earth;
identify freshwater reservoirs; and
give ways to preserve and conserve water resources.

What’s New

Activity 1: Water is Life!

Table1. Uses and Importance of Water to Human
No. Daily Uses of Possible Effect / Result
Direction: Complete the table Water due to Absence of
below by filling in your daily uses of Water
water. In column 2, try to imagine 1 Drinking Dehydration
there is no water and you cannot do 2
that routine in column 1, what will be 3
its effect on you? Row 1 is already 4
filled up for your guidance. 5
6
7
8
9
10

13
 What Is It

Water is very important to humans. We cannot live without water since our body is
water. Human adult body is composed of 60% water. Our brain and heart is made up of 73%
water. Our lungs are about 83% water. The human skin is 64% water while our muscles and
kidneys are about 79% of water. Our bones are made up of 31% water. With this, we can
say”Water is Life!” because we are almost made up of water (Mitchell, H. H., et.al; 1945).
Water has many uses for humans. Some household uses of water include cooking,
washing (dishes, clothes, cars, etc.), watering the plants, flushing toilets and cleaning.
Personal uses of water include drinking, washing teeth, taking a bath and bathroom
purposes. Water is also used by humans for recreational activities like going and swimming
in the beach or pool, fishing in lakes or rivers, water rafting, falls hopping and other
adventurous activities in water.
Water is not just important to humans but also in agriculture. Without water, crops
and agricultural plants will be withered and die. Like humans, plants are made up of water.
That is why irrigation is very important in agricultural lands to ensure enough supply of
water. What would happen if agriculture collapses due to lack of water?
Water is also used in manufacturing and other industries. According to the United
States Geological Survey (USGS), water is used in industries for washing, cooling, diluting,
fabricating, processing, and transporting products. Huge amount of water is consumed in the
production of food, paper and chemicals. Moreover, water is also used in petroleum
refineries and smelting facilities.
See how important water is? The next activity will give us an idea on the different
sources of water on earth.

What’s More

Activity 2: Text Twist!

Direction: Given the

scrambled words below, you need to
arrange the letters to identify some
water sources on the planet. Write
your answers on the water clock. You
only have 120 seconds to complete
the task. Don’t waste, every drop
counts! Your time starts now.

eirrv alwarflet
eastmr alek
eas odpn
mspaw aenco
pnsigr 11.ruagnetdwor
ibeergc 12. arin
 What Is It

Our planet offers a wide variety of water sources. Several water resources include
ocean, river, lake, gulf, stream, swamp and spring. These are just some; our planet has a lot
to offer. What are other water sources you can name as learned in your previous grade or
you have seen in your community? You may share it with your classmates.

Figure3. Different Water Resources

Philippines is one of the most blessed country in terms of water sources due to its
location and for being an archipelagic country. We are surrounded by bodies of water.
Wherever you are located, for sure you can find a beach for your recreational activities.
Hence, Philippines could offer a lot of tourist destinations when it comes to water adventure.

What’s More

Activity 3: It’s Time to become an Environmentalist!

Direction: Try to look for a body of water / source of water in your community; this
may also include wells, canals or waterways in your home and barangay. Check its current
situation. Take a photo and post it in a long bond paper. Below the picture, describe the
current situation of your chosen body of water /source of water / waterways. Discuss how
water could affect the environment and humans if it is not taken care of.
 RUBRICS
Criteria 4 3 2 1 Score
Content and The written The written Few required The report
Information report includes report includes content is has a lot of
all the all the included in missing
necessary and necessary and the report. content.
required required
content as well content.
as additional
information.
Quality of Information is Information is Some Most of the
Information factual and has factual but information is information is
details that some details not factual not factual
support the do not and some and details
topic. support the details does does not
topic. not support support the
the topic. topic.
Organizatio Contents are Contents are Contents are Contents are
n well-organized. organized. not so poorly
Details are Details are organized. organized.
logically logically Some details Details are
ordered from ordered from are not not logically
beginning to beginning to logically ordered from
end. end. ordered from beginning to
beginning to end.
end.
Grammar, No errors. Only 1-3 Has 4-6 More than 6
Usage, errors. errors. errors.
Mechanics ,
Spelling
Neatness The written The written The written The written
report has no report has only report has report has
typographic 1-2 only 3-4 more than 4
error, clean typographic typographic typographic
and neatly error, clean error, has errors, has a
bound in a and neatly erasure and lot of erasures
long white bound in a not so neatly and is not
folder. long white bound in a bound in a
folder. long white long white
folder. folder.
Timeliness Submitted on One day late Two days late More than 2
time. days late.
Total Score

16
 What’s New

Activity 4: Fresh! Freshwater!

Direction: Study the following graphs to answer the questions.

Graph1. Earth’s Water Distribution

Q1. What are the two types of water

available on Earth?

Q2. Which of the following types of water

is used in our daily life (ex. drinking,
cooking, bathing, etc.)?

Q3. Compare the water distribution of

freshwater and saltwater.

Graph2. Freshwater Sources Distribution

Q4. What are the different sources of freshwater?

Q5. Arrange the sources of freshwater according to decreasing percentage distribution.

Q6. Which among the sources of freshwater can be easily tapped for human use?

Q7. Make a short reflection on the availability of freshwater to human use. Will there be
enough water in the future?
 What Is It

In our previous discussion, we learned that 71% of our planet’s surface is covered
with water. In activity 2, you have identified several sources of water. Indeed, Earth is
blessed with an abundance of water supply. The question is, will all this water be available
for us to use? Definitely not.
Earth’s water supply is mostly saltwater, for about 97.50%. Saltwater contains a high
amount of salt which our body cannot contain. This could be toxic to us, too much salt in our
body causes shrinkage of our cells. Our body needs freshwater to dilute and release excess
salt in our body; this is the work of our kidney. Our kidneys will collapse if there is too much
salt. It is freshwater that humans consume everyday from household to personal use.
Freshwater is mostly needed in agriculture, manufacturing companies and industries. But
then there is only a 2.5% supply of freshwater. Where can this 2.5% freshwater supply be
accessed?
Most of the freshwater supply, for about 68.90%, are locked up in icecaps and
glaciers and are not accessible to humans. For only about 31.10% of freshwater supply or
about 1% of the Earth’s entire water supply can easily be accessed by humans in
underground aquifers, rivers, streams and lakes. With this data, can you say there is enough
water for everyone?

Additional task:
Make a research and name two countries experiencing scarcity of water supply.

For more information on Water Resources, visit the following link:

https://bit.ly/2WZlcuM
https://bit.ly/2LS0JBI

Water is a renewable resource. It can be replenished over time. The next activity
would give us the idea of how water can be replenished in the process called the Water
Cycle.
 What’s More

Activity 5: The Cycle of Water

Direction: You have learned about the water cycle in your previous Science lesson.
Let’s have a review. Study the figure below to answer the following questions given.

Figure4. Water Cycle

Q1. What are the three main phases of the water

cycle?

Q2. What happens during evaporation?

Q3. What happens during condensation?

Q4. What happens during precipitation?

Q5. What is needed for the water cycle to undergo?

Q6. If there will be no rain for a long time, what could possibly happen?

Q7. Why do I think flooding is possible during typhoons? What causes

flooding?

Q8. How can we reduce the possibility of flooding?

Q9. Why is water considered a renewable resource?

 What I Have Learned

Activity 6: Summarizing and Synthesizing your Knowledge

Direction: Complete the diagram below by filling in the missing information about
water resources.
 What I Can Do

Activity 7: I am a Water Warrior

Direction: You are going to make a plan on how to conserve water in your home and
apply this plan for at least one month. To verify if your plan in conserving water is successful,
you need to attach your bill for this month and then your bills the next month. Your
Conservation Plan is successful if the amount of current versus previous bill is negative. If
your plan is successful, continue applying it. If not, identify lapses in your plan and revise it.
Try to look at the format given. You may have your own format for as long as the
content is the same. Enumerate all uses of water in table 1. Do this in a long bond paper.
 RUBRICS
Criteria 4 3 2 1 Score
Content Includes all the Includes Includes little A lot of missing
necessary and some necessary required
required content. necessary and required content.
and required content.
content.
Quality of The Conservation Conservation Conservation The
Information Plan is factual and Plan is factual Plan is not so Conservation
doable. but some are factual and Plan is not
not easy to some are not factual and
accomplish. easy to cannot be
accomplish. accomplished.
Water Bill Previous vs. Previous vs. Previous vs. Previous vs.
Difference recent water bill recent water recent water recent water bill
obtained 40% to bill obtained bill obtained obtained 0% to
50% difference 20% to 39% 10% to 29% 9% difference
difference difference
Neatness The written report The written The written The written
has no report has report has report has more
typographic error, only 1-2 only 3-4 than 4
clean and neatly typographic typographic typographic
bound in a long errors, error, has errors, has a lot
white folder. clean and erasure and of erasures and
neatly not so neatly is not bound in
bound in a bound in a a long white
long white long white folder.
folder. folder.
Timeliness Submitted on time. One day late Two days late More than 2
days late.
Total Score
Summary

1. Two various energy resources that are used in the Philippines: Geothermal and
Hydroelectric Energy.

2. Geothermal Energy comes from the Greek word “geo” means earth and “therme”
means heat. To define simply, geothermal energy is energy from the heat within the
earth.

3. Geothermal energy can be tapped through geothermal power plants and

geothermal heat pumps.

4. Hydroelectric Energy from the Greek word “hydro” meaning water. Hydroelectric
Energy is energy due to the flow of water.

5. Hydroelectric Energy can be tapped through hydroelectric power plants.

6. Both geothermal and hydroelectric energy are renewable energy resources unlike
fossil fuels.

7. Geothermal and Hydroelectric Energies are tapped to supply electricity in order to

power our appliances and gadgets.

8. Water is essential to life. Several water resources include ocean, river, lake, gulf,
stream, swamp and spring.

9. About 97.50% of Earth’s water supply is mostly saltwater and only 2.5% is
freshwater.

10. Out of 2.5% freshwater supply, 68.90%, are locked up in icecaps and glaciers and
are not accessible to humans.

11. Only about 31.10% of freshwater supply or about 1% of the Earth’s entire water
supply can easily be accessed by humans in underground aquifers, rivers,
streams and lakes.

12. Water cycle replenishes the supply of water on Earth.

13. Three major processes in the water cycle: evaporation, condensation and precipitation.

23
 Assessment: (Post-Test)

Multiple Choice. Select the letter of the best answer from among the given choices.

1. Which of the following energy comes from the heat within the earth?
A. Hydroelectric B. Solar
C. Geothermal D. Nuclear

2. Which of the following is a nonrenewable source of energy?

A. Solar B. Nuclear
C. Geothermal D. Hydroelectric

3. Which of the following power plants uses water to generate electricity?

A. Calaca Thermal Plant B. Tiwi Plant
C. Agus 1 D. Bataan Plant

4. This uses heat just beneath the earth’s surface in order to heat water or provide heat
for buildings.
A. Geothermal Power Plant B. Geothermal Heat Pump
C. Solar Panel D. Nuclear Power Plant

5. Identify the transformation of energy in a hydroelectric power plant.

A. Kinetic Mechanical Potential Electrical
B. Mechanical Kinetic Potential Electrical
C. Potential Kinetic Mechanical Electrical
D. Potential Mechanical Kinetic Electrical

6. When liquid water is heated and turns into vapor, this process is called .
A. Water Cycle B. Condensation
C. Evaporation D. Precipitation

7. In which process in the water cycle do clouds form?

A. Evaporation B. Condensation
C. Cloud forming D. Precipitation

8. Where is most of the earth’s freshwater found?

A. Ocean B. Underground aquifers
C. Lake D. Glaciers

9. Almost 70% of water supply on Earth is .

A. Freshwater B. Spring water
C. Saltwater D. Mineral water

10.Earth’s freshwater supply is mostly used for?

A. Drinking B. Agricultural purposes
C. Bathing D. manufacturing purposes

24
 11.You visit a river in your community and find out that there are dead plants and
fish in the water. What could be the possible cause of the massive deaths of
plants and fish?
A. Litter B. Oil spill
C. Pollution D. All of the above

12.Why do we need to conserve water?

A. It is renewable resource B. It is limited
C. It is a non-renewable resource D. It is unlimited

For items 13 – 17. Arrange in chronological order the process involved in geothermal
power plants. Write letters A-E in the space provided before each number that shows the
correct order.

13. As water rises to the surface, the water turns into steam due to the drop of
pressure.
14. The steam condenses back to water as it cools off in a cooling tower.
15. Hot water is pumped from deep beneath the Earth’s surface through a well.
16. The steam spins a turbine which is connected to a generator that produces
electricity.
17. The cooled water is pumped back into the Earth in an injection well.

For numbers 18 -20. Enumerate ways to preserve and conserve water.

 Key to Answers

4.
GEOTHERMAL
EAR 3
20. Answer may TH2. .
vary may
19. Answer ENERGY 1.
18. Answer
vary may HEATVerti
vary 1 cal
7.
1 3.
1
6.
E WATERFALLS 2
ELECTRICI
5.
C1 1.
TY .
4.
A
1 HYDROELECTRIC Horizo
12. B – It is3.
D ntal
11. D – limited
All of the B Lesson 1 –
10. B – Agricultural
Above Activity 1
Purposes 9. C –
Seawater
8. D –
Earth in an injection
7.Glaciers
B– The cooled water is pumped well.back into 5
Condensation
C– 6 the off in a cooling
cools .
Mechanical,
Evaporation . The steam is condensestower.back to water 4
C Electrical
– Potential, 5 as it electri .
Kinetic, Pu . connected to a generator that city.
4. B - Geothermal
m produces
The steam spins a turbine 3
heat3. Cp– into steam due to the
which is drop of .
B.Agus
– I 2 As water rises to the surface, the water
pressure. 2
1. C – turnssurface through a
Earth’s .
Nuclear . 1. Hot water is pump from
well. deep beneath
Geothermal
the
Pre/Post
Test Lesson 1 –
Activity 2

Lesson 1 –
Activity 3
31. D – Control
30.
GateH–
Transformer
29. K –
28. I –Outflow
Power
House27. B –
26. Dam
A– Electri
25. G –
Reservoir Energy, cal
24.Generator
J – Power Potential Energy,
Mechanical, 4
Lines Kinetic
Answer may .3
23. C -
Mechanical,
vary .
22.Intake
E–
Heat, Kinetic
Electrical 2
Penstock
21. F –
Energy,may
Answer .1
Turbine
Lesson 1 – vary .
Activity 4 Lesson 1 –
Activity

Lesson 1 –
Activity 5
 Answer may Answer may 1
varymay
Answer varymay
Answer 09 12.
varymay
Answer vary
Answer may 8 11. Rain
varymay
Answer varymay
Answer 7 Groundwater
10.
varymay
Answer varymay
Answer 6 Ocean
9.
varymay
Answer varymay
Answer 5 Pond
L 8
varymay
Answer varymay
Answer 4 7.
a .
varymay
Answer varymay
Answer 3 Waterfall
k6.
varymay
Answer varymay
Answer 2 Iceberg
Spre 5
vary
Dehydrat varyDrink 1 ing4. .
Wa ion ing Swamp 3.
due
terto Wa StreSea 2
Possible
AbsenceEffect
of / Daily
ter N am 1. .
Result Uses of o River
Lesson 2 – . Lesson 2 –
Activity 1 Activity 2

19. Answer may

18. Groundwater, vary
Lake and
River stor
17. Glaciers, Groundwater, Lake
age &
Responses River glaci
Refer to the outputvary.
of the 16. Lakes, rivers, groundwater
ers
student. and than
supply
15. Greaterfreshwater
percentage of
Environmental saltwater 14.
It’s Timeist!
to become 13. Seawater and
Freshwater
an Freshwater
Lesson 2 – Lesson 2 –
Activity 3 Activity 4

Water can be replenished in the process called water cycle. (Answer may 9
vary) 8. Answer may .
7. Answer
vary may
vary may
6. Answer
vary
under
Aside from source of water, heat from the sun is necessary for water go. 5
cycle to (Answer may .
Liquid water from clouds returns to earth’s surface in a form of rain or
vary) 4
Gaseous water cools down and returns
snow. to its liquid state. (Answer may .3
Liquid water when vary)
heated turn into vapour. (Answer may .2
vary)
Evaporation, Condensation, .1
Precipitation .
Lesson 2 –
Activity 5
Lesson 2 – Activity 6 (Answers may
vary)
References

Learning Manual

Alvarez, Liza, Dave Angeles, Hernan Apurada, Ma. Pilar Carmona, Oliver Lahorra, Judith
Marcaida, Ma. Regaele Olarte et al. Science 9 Learner’s Module. Philippines: Department of
Education, 2017.

Online Journal

Mitchell, H.H., T.S. Hamilton, F.R. Steggerda, and H.W. Bean. “The Chemical Composition
of the Adult Human Body and Its Bearing on the Biochemistry Growth.” The Journal of
Biological Chemistry 158 (February 15, 1945): 625–37.
https://doi.org/10.3897/bdj.3.e4447.figure3a.

Websites

National Geographic Society. “Availability of Fresh Water.” National Geographic Society,

September 21, 2018. https://www.nationalgeographic.org/activity/availability-fresh-water/.

———. “Geothermal Energy.” National Geographic Society, November 16, 2012.

https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/geothermal-energy/.

———. “Hydroelectric and Geothermal: Benefits and Drawbacks.” National Geographic

Society, September 23, 2015. https://www.nationalgeographic.org/activity/hydroelectric-and-
geothermal-benefits-and-drawbacks/.

———. “Personal Water Footprint Calculator.” Bitly. Accessed June 5, 2020.

https://bit.ly/2WZlcuM.

Fabrique [merken, design & interactie]. “Personal Calculator - Extended.” Bitly. Accessed
June 5, 2020. https://bit.ly/2LS0JBI.

How Much Water is There on Earth? Accessed June 8, 2020. https://www.usgs.gov/special-

topic/water-science-school/science/how-much-water-there-earth?qt-
science_center_objects=0.

“LR Portal.” Deped LR Portal. Accessed June 1, 2020. https://lrmds.deped.gov.ph/.National

Geographic Society. “Hydroelectric Energy: The Power of Running Water.” National
Geographic Society, October 9, 2012.
https://www.nationalgeographic.org/article/hydroelectric-energy-power-running- water/?
utm_source=BibblioRCM_Row.

US Geological Survey. Industrial Water Use. US Geological Survey. Accessed June 8, 2020.
https://www.usgs.gov/special-topic/water-science-school/science/industrial-water-use?qt-
science_center_objects=0.

30
 Online Videos

———. “Hydroelectric Power – How It Works”.opgvideos. Posted on Jnauray 9, 2014.

Youtube video, 2:10. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OC8Lbyeyh-E

———. “Hydropower 101”. Student Energy. Posted on May 17, 2015. Youtube video, 3:12.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q8HmRLCgDAI

———. “The Water Nexus Game-The Water Room #3”. UNESCO WWAP. Posted on
October 30, 2015. Youtube video, 7:51. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=83x8wvfqboo

———. “War or Peace? – the Water Rooms #5”. UNESCO WWAP. Posted on October 6,
2015. Youtube video, 6:28. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xe2o_UugwIY

———. “Where is Water? The Water Room #2”. UNESCO WWAP. Posted on October 30,
2015. Youtube video, 6:50. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b1f-G6v3voA

Borealis GeoPower. “Introduction to geothermal Energy”. CanGEA. Posted on July 30, 2015.
Youtube video, 2:32. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VhBq0E53WD0

ImageMaker Advertising Inc . “Geothermal Power Plant”. alternativeenergy1. Posted on

October 7, 2008. Youtube video, 1:50.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vSZ1dIBdOIs
For inquiries and feedback, please write or call:

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