AL–QAIDA

BY:
FATIMA OMERAH M. UMPAR
Khathmul Qur-an
HURUFUL HIJAIYAH
 HURUFUL ISTIFAAL
= THIN LETTERS
THE REMAINING LETTERS
HURUFUL ISTI’LA
= THICK LETTERS
 HARAKAAT
= VOWELS
1. FAT-HA –
SOUND -- A

2. KAS-RO –
SOUND -- E, I

3. DAMMA –
SOUND – O,U
 TANWEEN
= DOUBLE LETTERS
 HURUFUL MADD
normal/natural
prolongation is the act of
prolonging or “stretching”
the sound of the
three madd letters:
 ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ي‬
alif waaw yaa
EXAMPLE
 MAD LAYN
occurs when a waaw
saakinah ) ‫ ( و‬or a yaa
saakinah ) ‫( ي‬ are
preceded by a letter with
the fat-h diacritic ( ‫)ــَـ‬.
EXAMPLE
SOKOON = NO SOUND
 QALQALAH
• “shakes” to “echo” the letter
without taking up the preceding
or succeeding letter’s diacritic ( ).
• BOUNCING LETTERS
HURUUFUL QALQALAH
‫د‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ق‬
daal jeem baa ttah qof
Three types of Qalqalah
1. Qalqalah Kubra (Strong Echo):
• occurs at the end of an ayah.

2. Qalqalah Wusta (Medium Echo):

• occurs at the end of a word in the middle of an ayah.

3. Qalqalah Sughra (Subtle Echo):

• occurs in the middle of a word whether at the beginning, middle
or end of an ayah.
TASHDEED
• SHADDAH (TASHDEED) (repea
ter) Doubled cosonant It is an
indication of double
consonant
• The Alphabet with “shaddah”
is joined with the former
alphabet and will be
pronounced twice
Laam Al-Qamariyyah
• It is written and pronounced, and
after it a Shaddah does not appear.

• The rule: It will be recited

with Ith’har if after the Laam comes
any of the Huroof Al-Qamariyyah
(Moon Letters).
 The Moon letters are:
‫ ك‬, ‫ ج‬, ‫ ح‬, ‫ غ‬,‫ ب‬,‫ا‬
,‫ق‬,‫ع‬,‫ف‬,‫خ‬,‫و‬,
‫ه‬,‫م‬,‫ي‬
EXAMPLES
Laam As-Shamsiyyah
• It is written but not pronounced,
and after it a Shaddah will appear.
• It will be read with Idghaam without
Ghunna if after the Laam comes any
of the Huroof As-Shamsiyyah (Sun
Letters). Note: ONLY the letter Nun
will be read with Idghaam with
Ghunna.
 The Sun letters are:

‫ﻁ‬, ‫ﻅ‬, ‫ﻝ‬, ‫ ﻥ‬, ‫ﺽ‬

‫ﺯ‬, ‫ﺱ‬, ‫ﺵ‬, ‫ﺹ‬,
‫ﺕ‬, ‫ﺙ‬, ‫ﺩ‬, ‫ﺫ‬, ‫ﺭ‬,
EXAMPLE
The Rules of Noon
Saakin and Tanween
• Noon Saakin means a Noon with a
Jazm/Sukoon on it.
• Tanween means two Fatha (Nasb), two
Kasra (Jar), and two Dhamma (Raf)
• There are four rules related to Noon
Saakin and Tanween.
• In all of the rules, you must look at the
letter after the Noon Saakin or Tanween
to determine which rule to follow.
 Ghunna
Ghunna is whenever a
Shadda appears on Noon or
Meem, one must vibrate the
sound through the nose.
 The Four Rules are:

1. Izhaar
2. Iqlaab
3. Idhghaam
4. Ikhfa
 Izhaar
• When the noon saakin or tanween is followed by
any of the Huroof Halaqiyya, meaning the six letters
that are pronounced from the throat, Izhaar will
take place.
• Izhaar means to pronounce the “N” sound of the
noon saakin or tanween clearly WITHOUT
stretching it. The huroof halaqiyya are:

‫ءه ع ح غ خ‬
 Iqlaab
• If there is a letter BAA after the Noon Saakin
or Tanween, Iqlaab will take place.
• Iqlaab means to change the sound of a Noon
Saakin or tanween (“N” sound) into a meem.
The sound will also be stretched into a Ghunna.
Usually there is a little meem to signify this
change. The examples:
 Idghaam
• If after the Noon Saakin or Tanween any of
the letters of )‫ يرملون‬Yaa, Raa, Meem, Laam,
Waaw, Noon) appear, idghaam will be done.
• Idghaam means to combine or merge the “N”
sound of the Noon or tanween with the
following letter.
• In four letters, )‫يومن‬Yaa, Waaw, Meem,
Noon) Idghaam will be WITH Ghunna,
called Idghaam Naaqis.
• Examples With Ghunna:
• In the two letters, )‫ ر ل‬Laam and Raa), Idghaam will
be without Ghunna, called Idghaam Kaamil.
• Examples WITHOUT Ghunna:
 Ikhfa
• When we have learnt the above three rules, we will
discover that there are fifteen letters remaining,
they are:
• ‫ت ث ج د ذ ز س ش ص ض ط ظ ف كق‬
• Whenever any of these fifteen letters appear after
Noon Saakin or Tanween, Ikhfa will be done.
• Ikhfa means to slightly “hide” the “N” sound of the
Noon Saakin and Tanween, bring the shadow of the
letter, and lengthen it slightly.
THE RULES OF MADD