The Rules of Noon As-Sakinah and Tanween

The rules of Noon As-Sakinah are four:

ْ ‫اِﻹ‬
1 – Al-Ith’har ‫ظَﮭﺎر‬
Literal meaning: To make something clear

The rule: If after Nûn Sakinah or Tanween comes any of the Ith’har letters then it will
be read clearly with no merging or sounds.

The Ith’har letters are also the Huroof Halqiyah (throat letters), hence its also known
as Ith’har Halqi

Letters of Ith’har: ‫ﻏْﯿٌﻦ َﺧﺎء‬ َ – ‫ٌَھْﻤٌﺰ َھﺎٌء‬

َ – ‫ﻋْﯿٌﻦ َﺣﺎٌء‬

– Examples of Ith’har with Noon As-Sakinah:

– Examples of Ith’har with Tanween:

َ ‫اِﻹْد‬
2 – Al-Idghaam ‫ﻏﺎم‬
Literal meaning: To merge something into something else

The rule: If after Nûn As-Sakinah or Tanween comes any of the Idghaam letters, you
will merge the Nûn Sakinah or Tanween into the letter. The emphasis will be on the
succeeding letter because of the presence of Shaddah.

Letters of Idghaam: ‫ ن‬, ‫ و‬, ‫ ل‬, ‫ م‬, ‫ ر‬, ‫ ي‬and they are collected in the word:

‫ﯾَْﺮَﻣﻠُﻮن‬

Note: Idghaam will only appear in two words. Reason is shown below

Idghaam is of two types:

1 – Idghaam with Ghunna:

It has four letters (‫ و )ﯾَْﻨُﻤﻮ‬, ‫ م‬, ‫ ن‬, ‫ي‬.

If any of these letters come after Nûn As-Sakinah or Tanween it is read with Ghunna.

– Examples of Idghaam with Ghunna with Noon As-Sakinah:

– Examples of Idghaam with Ghunna with Tanween:

There are only four places in the Quran where Idghaam with Ghunnacomes in one
word (But they are recited with Ith’har) and they are:

{‫ﺻْﻨَﻮان‬
ِ ٌ} An’aam 99 {‫ }ٌِﻗْﻨَﻮان‬Ar-Ra’ad 4 {‫ }اﻟﺪﱡْﻧﯿَﺎ‬Al-Baqara 85 {‫}ٌﺑُْﻨﯿَﺎن‬
As-Saf 4

2 – Idghaam without Ghunna:

It has two letters ‫ ر‬, ‫ل‬.

If any of these two letters come after Nûn As-Sakinah or Tanween it will be read
without Ghunna.

– Examples of Idghaam without Ghunna with Noon As-Sakinah:

– Examples of Idghaam without Ghunna with Tanween:

Note: Ghunna is a light nasal sound from the nose with the duration of 2 Harakah.

3 – Al-Iqlaab ‫اِﻹْﻗﻼَب‬
Literal meaning: To change something into something else

The rule: If after Nûn Saakinah or Tanween appears the letter of Iqlaab then the
reader will substitute the Nûn Saakinah or Tanween into a Meem (‫ )م‬and it will be
recited with the sound between Idghaam and Ikhfaa’.

Letter of Iqlaab: ‫ ب‬.

– Examples of Iqlaab with Noon As-Sakinah:

– Examples of Iqlaab with Tanween:

4 – Al-Ikhfaa’ ‫اِﻹْﺧﻔَﺎء‬
Literal meaning: To conceal something

The rule: If any of the 15 letters of Ikhfaa’ come after Noon As-Sakinah or Tanween
the word will be read with Ikhfaa’ and the sound is considered to be between Ith’har
and Idghaam with the existence of Ghunna, and the duration will be of two Harakah.

Letters of Ikhfaa’: ‫ت‬، ‫ث‬، ‫ج‬، ‫د‬، ‫ذ‬، ‫ز‬، ‫س‬، ‫ش‬، ‫ص‬، ‫ض‬، ‫ط‬، ‫ظ‬، ‫ق‬،‫ف‬، ‫ك‬

They are the first letter of each word in this verse;

‫ﺳَﻤﺎ‬ َ َ‫ﻒ ذَا ﺛ َﻨَﺎ َﻛْﻢ َﺟﺎد‬

ٌ ‫ﺷْﺨ‬
َ ‫ﺺ ﻗَْﺪ‬ ْ ‫ﺻ‬
ِ

َ ‫ﺿْﻊ‬
‫ظﺎِﻟَﻤﺎ‬ َ ‫دُْم‬
َ ‫طﯿِّﺒًﺎ ِزْد ﻓِﻲ ﺗ ُﻘًﻰ‬

Please note that if the letter of Ikhfaa’ is a full mouth letter then the sound of Ikhfaa’
will also be a thicker full mouth sound and if the letter is a empty mouth letter then the
sound will also be an empty mouth sound.
Refer to Full & Empty Mouth letters here.
– Examples of Ikhfaa’ with Noon As-Sakinah and Tanween:
The rules of Laam Al-Qamariyyah and Laam
As-Shamsiyyah
1. The case of Ith’har (Laam Al-Qamariyyah): The Laam is pronounced
( ‫ اْﻟﻘََﻤﺮ‬: ‫) ﻗََﻤﺮ‬
2. The case of Idghaam (Laam As-Shamsiyyah): The Laam is not pronounced
( ‫ﺸْﻤﺲ‬ ‫ اﻟ ﱠ‬: ‫ﺷْﻤﺲ‬ َ )

1) Laam Al-Qamariyyah ‫ﻻَم اْﻟﻘََﻤِﺮﯾﱠﺔ‬

Laam Al-Qamariyyah: It is written and pronounced, and after it a Shaddah does not
appear.

The rule: It will be recited with Ith’har if after the Laam comes any of the Huroof Al-
Qamariyyah (Moon Letters).

The Moon letters are:

‫ ه‬, ‫ م‬, ‫ ي‬, ‫ ق‬, ‫ ع‬, ‫ ف‬, ‫ خ‬, ‫ و‬, ‫ ك‬, ‫ ج‬, ‫ ح‬, ‫ غ‬, ‫ ب‬,‫ا‬

And they are collected in the phrase:

ْ ‫ُِاْﺑﻎِ َﺣﱠﺠَﻚ َوَﺧ‬

‫ﻒ َﻋِﻘﯿَﻤﮫ‬
– Examples of Laam Al-Qamariyyah:

‫ﻻَم اﻟ ﱠ‬
2) Laam As-Shamsiyyah ‫ﺸْﻤِﺴﯿﱠﺔ‬
Laam As-Shamsiyyah: It is written but not pronounced, and after it a Shaddah will
appear.

The rule: It will be read with Idghaam without Ghunna if after the Laam comes any
of the Huroof As-Shamsiyyah (Sun Letters). Note: ONLY the letter Nun will be read
with Idghaam with Ghunna.

The Sun letters are: The rest of the letters after taking out the moon letters.

They are the beginning letters in this verse ⇓

‫ﻒ ذَا ﻧِﻌَْﻢ‬ ِ ‫ﺻْﻞ َرْﺣﻤﺎ ً ﺗ َﻔُْﺰ‬

ْ ‫ﺿ‬ ْ ‫ﺷِﺮﯾﻔﺎ ً ِﻟْﻠَﻜَﺮم ِط‬
ِ ‫ﺐ ﺛ ُﱠﻢ‬ َ ‫ﺳﻮَء‬
َ ‫ظٍﻦ ُزْر‬ ْ َ‫د‬
ُ ‫ع‬

ْ
– Examples of Laam As-Shamsiyyah: