Professional Documents
Culture Documents
First Semester
Academic Year 2020-2021
PROPERTY OF:
In this chapter, we will discuss briefly what culture is and how it affects communication; we
shall also discuss the barriers to local and global communication in multicultural settings.
Also part of this chapter is a discussion on the varieties and registers of spoken and written
language.
A person in one country types a message and clicks the send button. The message is then encoded
into packets which are sent across the internet to the recipient. In another country, the receiver logs
in and decodes the message by opening the email, and retrieves the message.
Global communication becomes more complicated when there are multiple recipients from
different cultures with different languages all receiving the same message, as well as when there
are more layers added to the channel. For example, if a world leader makes a speech broadcast
across the globe, people from one region may rejoice at the news, while others may find it
offensive. In this case, the channel itself can involve many different layers, as translators, news,
editors and commentators each interpret the message differently before passing it on to the
intended audiences.
CULTURE
Culture is a learned system of meanings that fosters a particular sense of shared identity-hood
and community-hood among its group members. It is a complex frame of reference that consists of
a pattern of traditions, beliefs, values, norms, symbols and meanings that are shared to varying
degrees by interacting members of an identity group (Ting-Toomey & Takai, 2006, p.691 in
Oetzel, 2009).
According to Oetzel (2009), we are simultaneously members of multiple cultural groups, such as a
national culture, ethnic culture, religious culture, gender culture, media culture, social class culture,
generation culture, which overlap to varying degrees.
Local communication means data transferred directly from the gateway to bluz DK, without
going through the Particle cloud. Local communication can be used for a lot of tasks that don't
require the cloud. Multicultural education refers to any form of education or teaching that
incorporates the histories, texts, values, beliefs, and perspectives of people from different cultural
backgrounds
Communicating across cultures is challenging. Each culture has set rules that its members take for
granted. Few of us are aware of our own cultural biases because cultural imprinting is begun at a
The challenge for multinational communication has never been greater. Worldwide business
organizations have discovered that intercultural communication is a subject importance not just
because of increased globalization, but also because their domestic workforce is growing more
and more diverse.
Intercultural communication
- is a discipline that studies communication across different cultures and social groups, or how
culture affects communication. It describes the wide range of communication processes and
problems that naturally appear within an organization or social context made up of individuals
from different religious, social, ethnic, and educational backgrounds. In this sense it seeks to
understand how people from different countries and cultures act, communicate and perceive the
world around them.
While they all might be under the same roof, they describe entirely different rooms. The
differences in the meanings have to do with the perspectives we take when interacting with people
from other cultures.
Multicultural refers to a society that contains several cultural or ethnic groups. People live
alongside one another, but each cultural group does not necessarily have engaging interactions
with each other. For example, in a multicultural neighbourhood people may frequent ethnic
grocery stores and restaurants without really interacting with their neighbours from other countries.
WATCH: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a9Z83I_g4Hw
TASK #1
View on the Youtube “The Cultural Iceberg (Iceberg Model of Culture). In an essay form, answer
the question below to interpret the above illustration.
TASK #2
Give 10 examples of popular viral millennial English terms and expressions (with their
meanings) that you have adopted/ used with your co – millennial individuals.
TASK #3
A. Research 5 various cultural and intercultural modes of communication. For example, words,
gestures, images used in a particular country or region to show respect. The research must
showcase the varied communication purposes/ patterns of the selected country in terms of
etiquettes and customs, gift-giving etiquette, dining etiquette, relationships, business meeting,
greetings, gestures, clothing etc.
B. Write an essay or blog on various issues in communication showing gender sensitivity
through language and gestures.
LET’S READ!
According to an article written by Gleaner, we have six language registers: formal, casual,
intimate, private, frozen and consultative. These registers can be used depending on the
situation and people we encounter. It is essential to use appropriate varieties and registers of
language in certain communication context because in different situations and people call for
different registers. It shows the level of formality and informality of the language used. When we
use appropriate varieties and register of
language we‘re showing respect, interest,
comfortableness and professionalism.
Permanence - means when students write something they already set in their mind to be done in
one session. They don‘t think that they can edit or revised their written to be better because
students think their written is subject to permanence. In this case teacher perhaps notice all of
students that they just write everything that comes in their written.
Production time - this part plays a crucial issue for the agents. In this part, students will think about
the deadline. The possible case in here is the students will just only focus on the deadline and
would resort to not give importance on the content itself. As the result, their written work will not be
maximized and or to be improved. Moreover this is a job for the teachers to push students to think
about the process of learning rather than the result itself.
Distance - having a relationship with the audience anticipation. Before students start to write, they
have to know who will be the audience to read their output.
Orthography - this part is talk about the technical of appearance. After writer consider about the
word, phrase and sentence that they will use students also consider about the front, size and also
the picture. All appearance has to connect with the topic and target of the reader.
Complexity - this is talk about the sentence whether students use simple sentence combine or
complex sentence. We as a teacher will know the students’ progress of learning. And for the
academic writing, students should provide reference.
Vocabulary - talk about word richness we (teacher) can see what a new vocabulary that they
already acquired.
Formality - this is complex convention for academic writing (describe, explain, compare, criticize,
argue, etc.). If the writer creates academic writing it means the product have to formal. Because of
that the language that they use has to formal and polite. The front or size has to consistent with the
guideline that they use (APA style, MLA etc.).
1. VARIATION IN SPEED
2. LOUDNESS OR QUIETNESS
3. GESTURES
4. INTONATION
WRITTEN:
Tends to be more complex and intricate than speech with longer sentences and many subordinate
clauses. The punctuation and layout of written text also have no spoken equivalent.
Usually permanent and written texts cannot usually be changed once they have been
printed/written out
Written text can communicate across time and space for as long as the particular language and
writing system is still understood.
Writers can make use of punctuation, headings, layouts, colors and other graphical effects in their
written texts.
Some grammatical constructions are only used in writing as are some kinds of vocabulary such as
some complex chemical and legal terms.
SPOKEN:
Tends to be full or repetitions, incomplete sentences, corrections and interruptions with the
exception of formal speeches and other scripted forms of speech such as news reports and scripts
for plays and films.
Usually transient unless recorded and speakers can correct themselves and change their utterances
as they go along.
Speech is usually used for immediate interactions.
Speech can us timing, tone, volume and tremble to add emotional context.
Some types of vocabulary are used only or mainly speech. These include slang expressions, and
tags like y’know, like, etc.
EXAMPLE: business letters, announcement, professional emails, some essay, letters complaint.
Is conversational and appropriate when writing to friends and people you know very well.
Register
Is a subset of language as defined by purpose and setting.
a. Cebuano
b. Waray-waray
c. Ilocano
d. Kapampangan
e. Hiligaynon
Written Language
TASK #4
Give 3 examples of Language Register per category
1. Frozen/ Static
2. Formal
3. Consultative
4. Casual
5. Intimate