LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES-LAGUNA

Km 54 National Highway, Brgy. Makiling, Calamba City

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND COMPUTER STUDIES

Yuval John Ramos Engineering Data Analysis

BSEE 2-1

Provide two sets of question (1 good & bad) for the items listed below. Interpret, elaborate,
and compare the difference between the two.
1.) Correlation and Causality
(Good Question/Example of Correlation and Causality)
1. There are these two competitive friends who like to do road trip using their bikes and compare
the results. Their name is Jim and Roger, they both kept on track of the number of times per
month lifted weights at the gym and they pushed themselves on how long they can travel using
their bikes that month.
Jim's Data: let's say the results of Jim is that he went to the gym 15times in the month of
November and he rode his bike for about 16km. the results of Jim is that he only went to the gym
3 times in the month of August and only rode his bike for about 4km.so the question is, “based
on the data does it shows going to the gym improves your biking performance?”
- Explanation: Yes, because when Jim increased his gym exercise his biking performance
increased as well, which means the results are correlated to one another and there is a causality in
this situation.

Roger’s Data: The results of Roger went to the gym 10 times in the month of June, but he only
rode his bike for about 2km. Roger went to the gym 2 times in the month of October and he rode
his bike for about 11km.so the question is, “based on the data does it shows going to the gym
improves your biking performance?”
Explanation: No, because based on the results as you can see the data results were not
connected which means there is no correlation between the gym visits and the biking
performance and that definitely mean there is no causality to it. So base on my understanding,
there are some instances that there are questions neither good and bad when it comes to causality
and correlation. Sometimes it depends on the data results that you have gathered that will
determine the question if it's going to be a good or bad question.
 LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES-LAGUNA
Km 54 National Highway, Brgy. Makiling, Calamba City

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND COMPUTER STUDIES

(Bad Question/Example of Correlation and Causality)

2. let’s say Jim and Roger tracked the number of times they ate ice cream in several months. Jim
and Roger's Data: let’s say in one month Jim ate an ice cream 2 times and Roger ate ice cream 3
times.in another month Jim ate ice cream 8 times and roger did the same. So, the question is,
“did Jim caused roger to eat same amount of ice cream?”
Explanation: No, there is no causality to this situation because Jim cannot cause roger to eat
same amount of ice cream. Roger eats an ice cream because he wants to eat an ice cream. But
base on the data results it shows that there is a correlation to it.

2.) Loaded

(Good Question/Example of Loaded)

1. an example of loaded question is "Have you teenagers ever stop doing drugs?"
Explanation: This is a yes or no answer, any answer would imply that's a one point this person
have done drugs even though this may not be true. Of course, the respondent will answer the
question "yes". This type of question is that there is already a presumption built into it, that may
cause the respondent to answer the question without affirming the presumption. some questions
cause the respondent to likely to disagree with. any question that can pressure the respondent
being questioned to reply in a way that confirms this problematic assumption, rather than in the
way that they would normally prefer to reply.

(Bad Question/Example of Loaded)

2. An example of unloaded question is "Do you believe that teenagers can stop doing drugs?"
Explanation: This is an unloaded question since the question doesn't presume some unverified
assumption that the respondent is using drugs, the question merely asked for an opinion or
suggestion without assuming if the respondent is really using it or not.

3.) False Causality

(Good Question/Example of False Causality)
1. Does people who smoke are more likely to have lung cancer, therefore having a lung cancer
makes you more likely to smoke more?
Explanation: This question is a False Causation because not all smokers can get a lung cancer
because it depends on how they frequent they smoke and not all people who have a lung cancer
are more likely to be a smoker because there are some other causes to have lung cancer.
 LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES-LAGUNA
Km 54 National Highway, Brgy. Makiling, Calamba City

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND COMPUTER STUDIES

(Bad Question/Example of False Causality)

2. What is effect of exercise on heart rate?
Explanation: This is a causality question as it shows there is a cause and effect in the results so
let's say your heart typically beats faster so that more blood gets out to your body. Your heart can
also increase its stroke volume by pumping more forcefully or increasing the amount of blood
that fills the left ventricle before it pumps. Unlike the first example there is no cause and effect
and the question is invalid.

4.) Order Question

(Good Question/Example of Order Question)
1. What is your favorite sport? Next question is, “if you were given a chance to pick a team of
your favorite sport, what would it be?”
Explanation: This is an order question because it shows the question that the answer of the
respondent in the 1st question is still connected to the following question.

(Bad Question/Example of Order Question)

2.) "What is your favorite sport?” But if your next question is, "How interested are you in playing
on a company softball team? “
Explanation: The sports softball isn’t on the top of respondent's list of favorite sports, then they
may be tempted to rate their interest lower in joining the company team compared to asking them
first about the team, following the question about their favorite sport. This is a bad example of
Order of Question as it shows the following questions were not subsequent.

5) Self Interest Study

(Good Question/Example of Self Interest Study)
1. the situation: You have a business of Sari-sari store and instead of asking yourself the
question, "If I will sell this product to the consumer, will they like it?" instead you will ask
yourself "If I sell this product to the consumer, will I make profit out of it?"
Explanation: This kind of question is a Self Interest Study since we are talking about self-
interest, in a way that you think that if you make that certain course of action, it will benefit you
than to benefit others.
 LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES-LAGUNA
Km 54 National Highway, Brgy. Makiling, Calamba City

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND COMPUTER STUDIES

(Bad Question/Example of Self Interest Study)

2. The situation: A typhoon has arrived in the Philippines and there were many people lost their
home due to the disaster. There is this huge company decided to donate relief goods and give
financial assistance to the people who was affected by the typhoon. "Will this donation help
them to somehow recover from the damage the typhoon has caused?"
Explanation: In this question, it depicts interest not for themselves, or it depicts the social
interest opposite of self-interest, it shows the awareness of the company to the community, that
they are part of it and helping is not for their own benefits.
LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES-LAGUNA
Km 54 National Highway, Brgy. Makiling, Calamba City

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND COMPUTER STUDIES

LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES-LAGUNA
Km 54 National Highway, Brgy. Makiling, Calamba City

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND COMPUTER STUDIES