Prevention and Cure

As the WHOTrusted Source explain, there is no cure or

vaccine for MERS, but vaccines and treatments are

SYMPTOMS currently under development.

Healthcare professionals will work to relieve a person’s

*history symptoms and reduce the risk of complications.

People with severe symptoms may require oxygen
MIDDLE EAST RESPIRATORY SYNDROME (MERS) IS A VIRAL RESPIRATORY therapy, a stay in the intensive care unit, and a
DISEASE CAUSED BY A NOVEL CORONAVIRUS (MIDDLE EAST

RESPIRATORY SYNDROME CORONAVIRUS, OR MERS‐COV) THAT WAS

mechanical ventilator to help them breathe.
FIRST IDENTIFIED IN SAUDI ARABIA IN 2012.

To reduce the risk of MERS-CoV transmission, health

MERS-CoV is a zoonotic
virus, which means it is a
virus that is transmitted
between animals and
people. Studies have shown
that humans are infected
through direct or indirect
contact with infected
dromedary camels.
Scientific name
Middle East respiratory
Fever
authorities recommend:
Short Breathing frequently washing the hands with soap and
water for at least 20 seconds at a time
avoiding undercooked meats and any food
prepared in conditions that may not be hygienic
washing fruits and vegetables thoroughly
reporting any suspected cases to local health
authorities
minimizing close contact with anyone who
develops an acute respiratory illness with fever

description
syndrome-related coronavirus wearing a medical mask
Taxonomy navigation sneezing into a sleeve, flexed elbow, or a tissue,
› Merbecovirus
Common Name Sore Throat then immediately disposing of it

Cough

MERS-CoV

The MERS virus causes flu-like

symptoms, with most patients
developing pneumonia as a secondary
infection.
Current Information

In more severe cases, the patient may About the Virus

develop lung or respiratory failure.
Between 12 March and 31 July 2021 , the National IHR

Muscle Pain
Focal Point of Saudi Arabia reported four additional
cases of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus
(MERS-CoV) infection, including one associated death.
Diarrhea and Vomiting The cases were reported from three regions including
Riyadh (two cases), Hafar Albatin (one case), and Taif
(one case). One death was also reported from a
previously reported case (Case #7, please see Disease
outbreak news published on 14 April ) who died on 20
March. Since 2012, Saudi Arabia has reported 2178
confirmed MERS-CoV cases with 810 deaths.
History
Human coronavirus TREATMENT
Human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) is a species of
coronavirus, specifically a Setracovirus from among the
Alphacoronavirus genus. It was identified in late 2004
NL63 Treatment for the HCoV-NL63 virus is
in a seven-month-old child with bronchiolitis in the

dependent on the severity of associated

HCoV-NL63
Netherlands. The virus is an enveloped, positive-sense, symptomology. Most mild to moderate
single-stranded RNA virus which enters its host cell by
binding to ACE2. infections will go away on their own.
Symptoms can be relieved by taking a pain
Description GENUS: reliever or fever medication, taking a hot
shower, or using a humidifier. Antiviral
The virus is found primarily in young children, the
elderly, and immunocompromised patients with acute ALPHACORONAVIRUS treatment may be necessary for infected
patients that end up in the intensive care unit
respiratory illness. It also has a seasonal association in
temperate climates. A study performed in Amsterdam
estimated the presence of HCoV-NL63 in

(ICU) due to acute respiratory infection.
Intravenous immunoglobulin is an FDA
approximately 4.7% of common respiratory illnesses.
The virus originated from infected palm civets and bats.
approved HCoV-NL63 inhibitor that is also
Estimates of its divergence from another coronavirus used to treat primary immune deficiency,
(HCoV-229E) are around 1000 years ago; it has likely
circulated in humans for centuries. Symptoms RSV, and Kawasaki disease.[4]
Diseases it can cause
Acute bacterial and viral respiratory infections are a leading cause runny nose CURRENT INFORMATION ABOUT THE
of childhood morbidity and mortality globally sore throat VIRUS
HCoV-NL63 was detected in 1.3% (75/5573) of child pneumonia headache
admissions.
fever
An unexpected pattern of repeat infections was observed with Human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63)
some individuals showing higher viral titers during their second cough
infection. was first isolated from the aspirate from
general feeling of being unwell
A study of clinical symptoms in HCoV-NL63 patients without
secondary infection, reported the most common symptoms to be
a 7-month-old baby in early 2004.
Infection with HCoV-NL63 has since
Prevention and
fever, cough, rhinitis, sore throat, hoarseness, bronchitis,
bronchiolitis, pneumonia, and croup.
been shown to be a common worldwide
Characteristics Treatment
occurrence and has been associated
with many clinical symptoms and
diagnoses, including severe lower
Transmission of HCoV-NL63 is likely through
respiratory tract infection, croup and
respiratory droplets released from the respiratory The United States Centers for Disease
tract, which may be airborne or spread through
bronchiolitis. HCoV-NL63 causes
Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends
close personal contact. The virus is able to survive several measures for the prevention of disease in children, the elderly and the
for up to seven days in respiratory secretions and infection with HCoV-NL63 including: immunocompromised, and has been
remains infectious at room temperature. Once the washing hands often with soap and water, detected in 1.0–9.3% of respiratory tract
virus has entered the host, it binds to cellular avoiding close contact with sick individuals, infections in children up until now.
and not touching the eyes, mouth, or nose.
receptors via its spike proteins. The virus is able to
use Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as an
entry receptor to bind to and enter target cells.

A N D
SARS-CoV-2 Characteristics and
Severe acute respiratory syndrome
Genus: Symptoms
coronavirus 2
Betacoronavirus
History
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
(SARS‑CoV‑2), also known as the coronavirus, is
the virus that causes COVID-19 (coronavirus
disease 2019), the respiratory illness responsible
for the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The virus
was previously referred to by its provisional
name, 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), and
has also been called human coronavirus 2019
(HCoV-19 or hCoV-19).
Description
SARS‑CoV‑2 is a virus of the species severe
acute respiratory syndrome–related
coronavirus (SARSr-CoV). It is believed to have
zoonotic origins and has close genetic
similarity to bat coronaviruses, suggesting it
emerged from a bat-borne virus. Research is
ongoing as to whether SARS‑CoV‑2 came
directly from bats or indirectly through any
intermediate hosts. The virus shows little
genetic diversity, indicating that the spillover
event introducing SARS‑CoV‑2 to humans is
likely to have occurred in late 2019.
Diseases it Can Cause
coronavirus disease
(COVID-19)
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is
a viral respiratory illness caused by a
coronavirus called SARS-associated
coronavirus (SARS-CoV).
The virus primarily spreads between
people through close contact and via
aerosols and respiratory droplets that are Wash your hands often with soap and water.
exhaled when talking, breathing, or
otherwise exhaling, as well as those
Get Vaccinated
produced from coughs or sneezes.
\The following are the common
symptoms of the virus:
Fever or chills
Cough
Shortness of breath or difficulty
breathing
Fatigue
Muscle or body aches
Headache
New loss of taste or smell
Sore throat
Congestion or runny nose
Nausea or vomiting
Diarrhea
P R E V E N T I O N
T R E A T M E N T
Wear a mask that covers your nose and
mouth to help protect yourself and others.
Stay 6 feet apart from others who don’t live
with you.
Get a COVID-19 vaccine when it is available to
you.
Avoid crowds and poorly ventilated indoor
spaces.
Use hand sanitizer if soap and water aren’t
available.
Authorized COVID-19 vaccines can help
protect you from COVID-19.
You should get a COVID-19 vaccine when it is
available to you.
Once you are fully vaccinated, you may be able
to start doing some things that you had
stopped doing because of the pandemic.
Treatments used for COVID-19 should be
prescribed by your healthcare provider. People
have been seriously harmed and even died after
taking products not approved for COVID-19, even
products approved or prescribed for other uses.
Current Information About the Virus
In the Philippines, The Department of Health on
Monday, October 18, reported that 84.63% or 633 of the
748 positive samples recently sequenced were found
to have the highly transmissible Delta variant of
COVID-19.
Health Undersecretary Maria Rosario Vergeire told
reporters that the samples of recent run of genome
sequencing came from September 2021 cases.
Virus epicenter Metro Manila has the highest number
of Delta cases in the latest batch of genome
sequencing results, with 170 cases detected.
References
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/middle-east-respiratory-
syndrome-coronavirus-(mers-cov)
https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-
2019/technical-guidance/naming-the-coronavirus-disease-(covid-2019)-
and-the-virus-that-causes-it
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_coronavirus_NL63
https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/738623_1
https://health.mo.gov/living/healthcondiseases/communicable/novel-
coronavirus/prevention.php
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavir
us_2